Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 53 views

    Object Oriented Programming: Exception Handling in Java

    Uploaded by

    Rehman Afzal
    The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an exception as an abnormal condition that disrupts normal program flow. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow when exceptions occur. The document covers checked and unchecked exceptions, common exception scenarios, and using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions. It provides examples of using try-catch to handle ArithmeticException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Object Oriented Programming: Exception Handling in Java

    Uploaded by

    Rehman Afzal
    53 views21 pages
    The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an exception as an abnormal condition that disrupts normal program flow. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow when exceptions occur. The document covers checked and unchecked exceptions, common exception scenarios, and using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions. It provides examples of using try-catch to handle ArithmeticException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

    Original Description:

    Exception handling in java

    Original Title

    Lec12-Exception Handling-1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an exception as an abnormal condition that disrupts normal program flow. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow when exceptions occur. The document covers checked and unchecked exceptions, common exception scenarios, and using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions. It provides examples of using try-catch to handle ArithmeticException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views21 pages

    Object Oriented Programming: Exception Handling in Java

    Uploaded by

    Rehman Afzal
    The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an exception as an abnormal condition that disrupts normal program flow. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow when exceptions occur. The document covers checked and unchecked exceptions, common exception scenarios, and using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions. It provides examples of using try-catch to handle ArithmeticException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    MCS

    Object Oriented Programming

    Lecture 12
    Exception Handling in Java
    MCS
    Exception Handling in Java
    • The exception handling in java is one of the
    powerful mechanism to handle the runtime errors
    so that normal flow of the application can be
    maintained
    • What is exception?
    – Dictionary Meaning: Exception is an abnormal
    condition.
    – In java, exception is an event that disrupts the normal
    flow of the program. It is an object which is thrown at
    runtime.
    • What is exception handling?
    – Exception Handling is a mechanism to handle runtime
    errors such as ClassNotFound, IO, SQL, Remote etc.
    Advantages of using Exception Handling
    MCS
    • The core advantage of exception handling is to maintain the normal flow
    of the application. Exception normally disrupts the normal flow of the
    application that is why we use exception handling. Let's take a scenario:
    1. statement 1;  
    2. statement 2;  
    3. statement 3;  
    4. statement 4;  
    5. statement 5; //exception occurs  
    6. statement 6;  
    7. statement 7;  
    • Suppose there are 7 statements in your program and there occurs an
    exception at statement 5, rest of the code will not be executed i.e.
    statement 6 to 7 will not run.
    • If we perform exception handling, rest of the code will be executed. That
    is why we use exception handling in java.
    MCS
    What is an Exception?
    • Exceptional event
    • Error that occurs during runtime
    • Cause normal program flow to be disrupted
    • Examples
    – Divide by zero errors
    – Accessing the elements of an array beyond its range
    – Hard disk crash
    – Opening a non-existent file
    – Heap memory exhausted
    – A user has entered invalid data.
    – A file that needs to be opened cannot be found.
    – A network connection has been lost in the middle of communications or
    the JVM has run out of memory.
    MCS
    Exceptions

    • An exception in Java is an object that is created when an abnormal


    situation arises in your program
    • This object has members that stores information about the nature of the
    problem
    • An Exception is always an object of some subclass of the standard class
    Throwable
    • Java provides a very well defined hierarchy of Exceptions to deal with
    situations which are unusual.
    • All standard exceptions are covered by two direct subclasses of the class
    Throwable
    – Class Error
    – Class Exception
    MCS
    The Error and Exception Classes
    MCS

    • Error class
    – Used by the Java run-time system to handle errors occurring in
    the run-time environment
    – Generally beyond the control of user programs
    – Examples
    • Out of memory errors
    • Hard disk crash

    • Exception class
    – Conditions that user programs can reasonably deal with
    – Usually the result of some flaws in the user program code
    – Examples
    • Division by zero error
    • Array out-of-bounds error
    MCS
    Types of Exception
    • There are mainly two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked where
    error is considered as unchecked exception. The sun microsystem says there
    are three types of exceptions:
    1. Checked Exception
    2. Unchecked Exception
    3. Error
    • Checked Exception
    – The classes that extend Throwable class except RuntimeException and Error are
    known as checked exceptions e.g.IOException, SQLException etc. Checked
    exceptions are checked at compile-time.
    • Unchecked Exception
    – The classes that extend RuntimeException are known as unchecked exceptions e.g.
    ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException etc.
    Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time rather they are checked at
    runtime.
    • Error
    – Error is irrecoverable e.g. OutOfMemoryError, VirtualMachineError, AssertionError etc.
    MCS
    Checked Exceptions
    • A checked exception is an exception that is typically a user error or a
    problem that cannot be foreseen by the programmer.
    • For example, if a file is to be opened, but the file cannot be found, an
    exception occurs.
    • These exceptions cannot simply be ignored at the time of compilation.
    • It means if a method is throwing a checked exception then it should
    handle the exception using try-catch block or it should declare the
    exception using throws keyword, otherwise the program will give a
    compilation error.
    • Here are the few other checked exceptions
    – SQLException
    – IOException
    – DataAccessException
    – ClassNotFoundException
    – InvocationTargetException
    MCS
    Unchecked Exceptions
    • In most cases, unchecked exceptions reflect programming logic
    errors that are not recoverable.
    • For example,
    – A NullPointerException is thrown if you access an object through a
    reference variable before an object is assigned to it;
    – An IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown if you access an element
    in an array outside the bounds of the array.
    • These are the logic errors that should be corrected in the
    program.
    • Unchecked exceptions can occur anywhere in the program.
    • To avoid cumbersome overuse of try-catch blocks, Java does
    not mandate you to write code to catch unchecked exceptions.
    • Note: All Unchecked exceptions are direct sub classes of
    RuntimeException class.
    MCS
    Common Exception Scenarios
    • Scenario where ArithmeticException occurs
    – If we divide any number by zero, there occurs an
    ArithmeticException.
    int a = 50 / 0; // ArithmeticException

    • Scenario where NullPointerException occurs


    – If we have null value in any variable, performing any
    operation by the variable occurs an
    NullPointerException.
    String s = null;  
    // NullPointerException
    System.out.println(s.length());
    MCS
    Common Exception Scenarios
    • Scenario where NumberFormatException occurs
    – The wrong formatting of any value, may occur
    NumberFormatException. Suppose I have a string variable that
    have characters, converting this variable into digit will occur
    NumberFormatException.
    String s = "abc";  
    int i = Integer.parseInt(s);//NumberFormatException  

    • Scenario where ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs


    – If you are inserting any value in the wrong index, it would result
    ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException as shown below.
    int[] a = new int[5];  
    a[10] = 50;  // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
    MCS
    Exception Handling Keywords
    • There are 5 keywords used in java
    exception handling:
    1. try
    2. catch
    3. finally
    4. throw
    5. throws
    What Happens When an Exception occurs?
    MCS

    • When an exception occurs within a method,


    the method creates an exception object and
    hands it off to the runtime system
    – Creating an exception object and handing it to
    the runtime system is called “throwing an
    exception”
    – Exception object contains information about
    the error, including its type and the state of
    the program when the error occurred
    MCS
    Dealing With Exceptions

    • For all subclasses of Exception Class (except


    RuntimeException) you must include code to deal
    with them
    • If your program has the potential to generate an
    exception of such a type, you have got two choices
    – Handle the exception within the method
    – Register that your method may throw such an exception
    (You are passing the exception on)
    • If you do neither your code won’t compile
    MCS
    The try-catch Statements
    Syntax:
    try {
    <code to be monitored for exceptions>
    } catch (<ExceptionType1> <ObjName>) {
    <handler if ExceptionType1 occurs>…
    } catch (<ExceptionTypeN> <ObjName>) {
    <handler if ExceptionTypeN occurs>…
    }
    MCS
    Example-1
    class DivByZero {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
    System.out.println(3 / 0);
    System.out.println("Please print me.");
    } catch (ArithmeticException exc) {
    // Division by zero is an
    // ArithmeticException
    System.out.println(exc);
    }
    System.out.println("After exception.");
    Reason of error, can be accessed
    } by using exc.getMessage()
    }
    O/P
    java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    Type of error
    After exception.
    MCS
    MCS
    Example-2
    class MultipleCatch {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
    int den = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
    System.out.println(3/den);
    } catch (ArithmeticException exc) {
    System.out.println("Divisor was 0.");
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exc2){
    System.out.println("Missing argument.");
    }
    System.out.println("After exception.");
    }
    } Rule: At a time only one Exception is occurred
    and at a time only one catch block is executed.
    Example 3
    public class TestMultipleCatchBlock {  
    MCS
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
    int a[] = new int[5];  
    a[5] = 30 / 0;
    } catch(ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception :" + e);
    } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    } catch(Exception e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    }
    System.out.println("rest of the code...");
    } Rule: All catch blocks must be ordered from most specific to most general
    } i.e. catch for ArithmeticException must come before catch for Exception.

    O/P : Arithmetic Exception : java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero


    rest of the code...
    Nested Try
    public class NestedTryBlock{         //inner try block 2  
    MCS
     public static void main(String args[])     try{    
    {        int a[]=new int[5];    
     //outer try block        //assigning the value out of array bounds  
      try{          a[5]=4;    
      //inner try block 1        } 
        try{      //catch block of inner try block 2  
         System.out.println("going to divide      catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
    by 0");              {  System.out.println(e);   }      
    int b =39/0;         System.out.println("other statement");    
        }     }  
        //catch block of inner try block 1     //catch block of outer try block  
        catch(ArithmeticException e)     catch(Exception e)  
        {     {  System.out.println("handled the exception (
          System.out.println(e);   outer catch)");  
        }       }    
      System.out.println("normal flow..");    
     }    
    } 

    You might also like