Presented By:: Pranay Diwakar EC-3 Yr 0802931062

Presented by:
Pranay Diwakar
EC-3rd yr
0802931062
INTRODUCTION
Night vision is the ability to see in a dark

environment. A Night Vision Device (NVD) is
an optical instrument that allows images to be
produced in levels of light approaching total
darkness.
To understand night vision, it is important to understand something about light. The
amount of energy in a light wave is related to its wavelength: Of visible light, violet
has the most energy, and red has the least. Just next to the visible light spectrum is
the infrared spectrum.
Infrared light can be split into three categories:
Near-infrared (near-IR) – Closest to visible light, near-IR has wavelengths

that range from 0.7 to 1.3 microns, or 700 billionths to 1,300 billionths of a
meter.
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) - Mid-IR has wavelengths ranging from 1.3 to 3

microns. Both near-IR and mid-IR are used by a variety of electronic devices,
including remote controls.
Thermal-infrared (thermal-IR) - Occupying the largest part of the infrared

spectrum, thermal-IR has wavelengths ranging from 3 to over 30 microns.
WORKING
Night vision can work in two very different ways, depending
on the technology used .
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT THERMAL IMAGING

1.IMAGE ENHANCEMENT:-
 Image-enhancement technology is what most people think of when
you talk about night vision. This works by collecting the tiny
amounts of light, including the lower portion of the infrared light
spectrum, that are present but may be imperceptible to our eyes,
and amplifying it to the point that we can easily observe the
image.
image-enhancement systems are normally called night-vision

devices (NVDs).
NVDs rely on a special tube, called an image-intensifier tube,

to collect and amplify infrared and visible light.
IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE
working diagram
2. THERMAL IMAGING :-
 This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the

infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat by objects
instead of simply reflected as light. Hotter objects, such as warm
bodies, emit more of this light than cooler objects like trees or
buildings.
Most thermal-imaging devices scan at a rate of 30 times per second.

They can sense temperatures ranging from -4 degrees Fahrenheit (-20
degrees Celsius) to 3,600 F (2,000 C), and can normally detect
changes in temperature of about 0.4 F (0.2 C).
Its quite easy to see everything ..but at night, you can see very
during the day. little.
Thermal imaging lets you see again.

TYPES OF THERMAL Imaging devices:
1. UN-COOLED-This is the most common type of thermal-imaging
device. The infrared-detector elements are contained in a unit that
operates at room temperature. This type of system is completely
quiet, activates immediately and has the battery built right in.
2.CRYOGENICALLY COOLED-These systems have the elements sealed

inside a container that cools them to below 32 F (zero C). The advantage
of such a system is the incredible resolution and sensitivity that result
from cooling the elements.
HOW DOES THERMAL IMAGING
WORK????????
CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHT VISION :
1.Textures, light and dark : Objects that appear light during the day but have a dull
surface may appear darker, through the night vision unit.
2.Fog and rain : Night vision is very responsive to reflective ambient light; therefore
light reflecting off of fog or heavy rain causes much more light to go towards the
night vision unit.
3.Black spots : A few black spots throughout the image area are also inherent
characteristics of all night vision technology. An example with black spots is shown
below..
Why do NV devices always show images in
hues of green?
The screen was purposefully colored

green due to the scientific fact that the
human eye can differentiate more
shades of green than any other color.
EQUIPMENTS
Night –Vision equipment can be split into three broad categories:-
 SCOPES:- Normally handheld or mounted on a weapon, scopes are

monocular (one eye-piece).
 GOGGLES:- Goggles can be handheld, but they are most often worn on the
head. Goggles are binocular (two eye-pieces) and may have a single lens or
stereo lens depending on the model.
 CAMERAS:- Cameras with night-vision technology can send
the image to a monitor for display or to a VCR for recording.
Cameras are used when night-vision capability is desired in a
permanent location, such as on a building.
APPLICATIONS:
Common applications for night vision include
• Military
• Hunting
• Wildlife observation
• Security
• Hidden object detection
• Entertainment
THANK YOU
QUERIES ???

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Night vision is the ability to see in a dark

Near-infrared (near-IR) – Closest to visible light, near-IR has wavelengths

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) - Mid-IR has wavelengths ranging from 1.3 to 3

Thermal-infrared (thermal-IR) - Occupying the largest part of the infrared

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT THERMAL IMAGING

image-enhancement systems are normally called night-vision

NVDs rely on a special tube, called an image-intensifier tube,

 This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the

Most thermal-imaging devices scan at a rate of 30 times per second.

Thermal imaging lets you see again.

2.CRYOGENICALLY COOLED-These systems have the elements sealed

The screen was purposefully colored

 SCOPES:- Normally handheld or mounted on a weapon, scopes are

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