Profibus

PROCESS FIELD BUS

The PROFIBUS Family  DP, PA & FMS
(Fig.1 Application areas)
Actuator/sensor level:

 At actuator/sensor level the signals of the binary

sensors and actuators are transmitted via a
sensor/actuator bus.
 Here, a particularly simple, low cost installation
technique, through which data and a 24-volt power
supply for the end devices are transmitted using a
common medium, is an important requirement.
 The data are transmitted purely cyclically.
 AS-Interface is a suitable bus system for this field of
applications
Field level:

 At field level the distributed peripherals, such as I/O

modules, measuring transducers, drive units, valves
and operator terminals communicate with the
automation systems via an efficient, real-time
communication system.
 The transmission of the process data is effected
cyclically, while alarms, parameters and diagnostic data
also have to be transmitted acyclically if necessary.
 PROFIBUS meets these requirements and offers a
transparent solution for manufacturing as well as for
process automation.
Cell level:

 At cell level, the programmable controllers such as

PLC and IPC communicate with each other.
 The information flow requires large data packets and
a large number of powerful communication
functions.
 Smooth integration into company-wide
communication systems, such as Intranet and
Internet via TCP/IP and Ethernet are important
requirements.
Figure:The PROFIBUS family
PROFIBUS Technology

 PROFIBUS is a vendor-independent, open fieldbus

standard for a wide range of applications in
manufacturing, process and building automation.
 Vendor independence and openness are guaranteed by
the PROFIBUS standard EN 50 170 and EN 50254.
With PROFIBUS, devices of different manufacturers
can communicate without special interface
adjustments.
 PROFIBUS can be used for both high-speed time
critical data transmission and extensive complex
communication tasks.
 PROFIBUS offers functionally graduated
communication protocols (Communication Profiles):
DP and FMS.
 Depending on the application, the transmission
technologies (Physical Profiles) RS-485, IEC 1158-2
or fiber optics are available.
PROFIBUS-PA:

 PROFIBUS-PA is designed especially for

process automation.
 It permits sensors and actuators to be
connected on one common bus line even in
intrinsically-safe areas.
 PROFIBUS-PA permits data communication and
power over the bus using 2-wire technology
according to the international standard IEC 1158-2.
Communication Profiles

 PROFIBUS Communication Profiles define how

users transmit their data serially via the common
transmission medium.
(i) PROFIBUS-DP
(ii) PROFIBUS-FMS
PROFIBUS-DP:

 ProfiBus DP (distributed peripheral) allows the use of

multiple master devices, in which case each slave
device is assigned to one master. This means that
multiple masters can read inputs from the device but
only one master can write outputs to that device.
 ProfiBus DP is designed for high speed data transfer at
the sensor/actuator level (as opposed to ProfiBus FMS
which tends to focus on the higher automation levels)
 It is suitable as a replacement for the costly wiring of
24 V and 4–20 mA measurement signals.
PROFIBUS-DP:

 The data exchange for ProfiBus DP is generally cyclic

in nature.
 The central controller, which acts as the master,
reads the input data from the slave and sends the
output data back to the slave.
 The bus cycle time is much shorter than the program
cycle time of the controller (less than 10 mS).
PROFIBUS-DP

 DP is the most frequently used communication profile.

 It is optimized for speed, efficiency and low connection
costs
 This PROFIBUS version is designed especially for
communication between automation control
systems and distributed I/O at the device level.
 PROFIBUS-DP is suitable as a replacement for
conventional, parallel signal transmission with 24 volts
in manufacturing automation as well as for analog signal
transmission with 0- 20 mA or Hart in process
automation.
PROFIBUS-FMS

 ProfiBus FMS (Fieldbus message specification) is a

peer-to-peer messaging format, which allows
masters to communicate with one another.
 Just as in ProfiBus DP, up to 126 nodes are available
and all can be masters if desired.
 FMS messages consume more overhead than DP
messages.
 This is the universal communication profile for
demanding communication tasks.
PROFIBUS-FMS

 This is the universal communication profile for

demanding communication tasks.
 FMS offers many sophisticated application functions
for communication between intelligent devices.
 PROFIBUS-FMS is the general-purpose solution
for communication tasks at the cell level.
 Powerful FMS services open up a wide range of
applications and provide great flexibility.
 PROFIBUS-FMS can also be used for
extensive and complex communication tasks.
Physical Profiles

There are currently three transmission methods

(Physical Profiles) available for PROFIBUS:
1. RS-485 transmission for universal applications in
manufacturing automation.
2. IEC 1158-2 transmission for use in process
automation.
3. Optical fibers for improved interference immunity
and large network distances.
Basic Characteristics

 PROFIBUS defines the technical characteristics of a

serial field bus system with which distributed
digital programmable controllers can be
networked, from field level to cell level.
 PROFIBUS is a multi-master system and thus allows
the joint operation of several automation,
engineering or visualization systems with their
distributed peripherals on one bus.
PROFIBUS distinguishes between master devices
and slave devices.
Master devices 

Master devices determine the data

communication on the bus.
A master can send messages without an external
request when it holds the bus access rights (the
token).
Masters are also called active stations in the
PROFIBUS protocol.
Slave devices 

Slave devices are peripheral devices.

Typical slave devices include input/output devices,
valves, drives and measuring transducers.
They do not have bus access rights and they can only
acknowledge received messages or send messages to
the master when requested to do so.
Slaves are also called passive stations.
Since they only require a small portion of the bus
protocol, their implementation is particularly
economical.
Protocol Architecture

PROFIBUS is based on recognized international

standards.
The protocol architecture is oriented to the OSI
(Open System Interconnection) reference model in
accordance with the international standard SO
7498.
The architecture of the PROFIBUS protocol
Protocol Architecture

In this model every transmission layer handles

precisely defined tasks.
Layer 1 (physical layer) defines the physical
transmission characteristics.
Layer 2 (data link layer) defines the bus
access protocol.
Layer 7 (application layer) defines the
application functions.
Protocol Architecture

PROFIBUS-DP uses layers 1 and 2, and the

user interface.
Layers 3 to 6 are not defined.
This streamlined architecture ensures fast and
efficient data transmission.
Protocol Architecture

The Direct Data Link Mapper (DDLM) provides

the user interface easy access to layer 2.
The application functions which are available to the
user as well as the system and device behavior of the
various PROFIBUS-DP device types are specified in
the user interface.
RS 485 transmission technology or fiber
optics are available for transmission.
Protocol Architecture

In FMS, the universal communications protocol,

particular importance is attached to layers 1, 2 and 7.
The application layer (7) consists of the Fieldbus
Message Specification (FMS) and the Lower Layer
Interface (LLI).
FMS defines a large number of powerful
communication services for master-master and
master-slave communication.
Protocol Architecture

LLI implements the various communication

relationships and provides FMS with device-
independent access to layer 2. Layer 2
(FDL, Fieldbus Data Link) implements bus access
control and data security.
RS 485 transmission technology or fiber
optics are available for transmission for
PROFIBUS-FMS.
Protocol Architecture

PROFIBUS-PA uses the extended PROFIBUS-DP

protocol for data transmission.
In addition, the PA profile, which defines behavior of
the field devices, is used. Transmission technology,
in accordance with IEC 1158-2, permits intrinsic
safety and also allows the field devices to be powered
over the bus.
PROFIBUS-PA devices can be easily
integrated in PROFIBUS-DP networks using
segment couplers or Links.
Protocol Architecture

PROFIBUS-DP and PROFIBUS-FMS use the
same transmission technology and a uniform bus
access protocol. Thus, both versions can be operated
simultaneously on the same cable.