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    10.1 Blood Sugar - Regulation

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    Sadiq
    The document discusses how blood glucose levels are maintained through the actions of various organs and hormones. When blood glucose falls, the pancreas releases glucagon which signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising the blood sugar level. When blood glucose rises, such as after eating, the pancreas releases insulin which causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen and cells to uptake glucose from the blood, lowering the blood sugar level. Several hormones including glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, cortisol and ACTH also work to regulate blood glucose levels.

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    10.1 Blood Sugar - Regulation

    Uploaded by

    Sadiq
    40 views9 pages
    The document discusses how blood glucose levels are maintained through the actions of various organs and hormones. When blood glucose falls, the pancreas releases glucagon which signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising the blood sugar level. When blood glucose rises, such as after eating, the pancreas releases insulin which causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen and cells to uptake glucose from the blood, lowering the blood sugar level. Several hormones including glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, cortisol and ACTH also work to regulate blood glucose levels.

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    10.1 BLOOD SUGAR _ REGULATION

    Original Title

    10.1 BLOOD SUGAR _ REGULATION

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    The document discusses how blood glucose levels are maintained through the actions of various organs and hormones. When blood glucose falls, the pancreas releases glucagon which signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising the blood sugar level. When blood glucose rises, such as after eating, the pancreas releases insulin which causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen and cells to uptake glucose from the blood, lowering the blood sugar level. Several hormones including glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, cortisol and ACTH also work to regulate blood glucose levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views9 pages

    10.1 Blood Sugar - Regulation

    Uploaded by

    Sadiq
    The document discusses how blood glucose levels are maintained through the actions of various organs and hormones. When blood glucose falls, the pancreas releases glucagon which signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising the blood sugar level. When blood glucose rises, such as after eating, the pancreas releases insulin which causes the liver to convert glucose to glycogen and cells to uptake glucose from the blood, lowering the blood sugar level. Several hormones including glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, cortisol and ACTH also work to regulate blood glucose levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    INTRODUCTION

    • The normal blood glucose level ( 70 – 120 mg


    % ) is maintained by the combined action of
    several physiological mechanisms like
    • Action of liver
    • Action of skeletal muscles
    • Action of kidney
    • Action of muscular exercise
    • Action of hormones
    ACTION OF GLUCAGON
    • If the blood glucose level falls to dangerous
    levels, the alpha cells of pancreas release
    glucagon, a hormone whose effects on kidney
    cells act to increase blood glucose levels.
    • They convert glycogen into glucose
    ( glycogenolysis )
    • The glucose is released into the bloodstream ,
    increasing blood sugar.
    ACTION OF INSULIN
    • When blood glucose level rise, whether as a
    result of glycogen conversion or from
    digestion of a meal, insulin is released from
    beta cells of islets of langerhans of pancreas.
    • This insulin causes liver to convert more
    glucose into glycogen ( glycogenesis) and to
    force body cells to take up glucose from the
    blood, thus decreasing the blood sugar.
    Tissue of Effect on
    Hormone Origin Metabolic Effect Blood
    Glucose
    1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells;
    2) Enhances storage of glucose as
    Pancreatic β glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3)
    Insulin Cells Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and Lowers
    proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of
    proteins into amino acids, of 
    adipose tissue into free fatty acids.
    1) Suppresses glucagon release from α
    Pancreatic δ cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release
    Somatostatin Cells of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones,  Lowers
    gastrinand secretin.
    1) Enhances release of glucose from
    Glucagon Pancreatic α glycogen; 2) Enhances synthesis of Raises
    Cells
    glucose from amino acids or fatty acids.
    1) Enhances release of glucose from
    Epinephrine Adrenal medul glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty Raises
    la acids from adipose tissue.
    Cortisol Adrenal cortex 1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Raises
    Antagonizes Insulin.
    1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2)
    ACTH Anterior pituit Enhances release of fatty acids from Raises
    ary adipose tissue.

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