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    Counselling Skills and Techniques

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    Wanda Lywait
    The document outlines various counseling skills and techniques used in the counseling process. It discusses the stages of counseling as initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action. Core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are also described. Specific counseling skills covered include attending behavior, open and closed-ended questions, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflecting, responding, and client observation. Techniques such as spheres of inference, confrontation, clarification, congruence, capping, encouraging, focusing, immediacy, miracle questions, proxemics, self-disclosure, structuring, positive asset search, and assessing a client's hierarchy of needs are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Counselling Skills and Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Wanda Lywait
    407 views29 pages
    The document outlines various counseling skills and techniques used in the counseling process. It discusses the stages of counseling as initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action. Core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are also described. Specific counseling skills covered include attending behavior, open and closed-ended questions, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflecting, responding, and client observation. Techniques such as spheres of inference, confrontation, clarification, congruence, capping, encouraging, focusing, immediacy, miracle questions, proxemics, self-disclosure, structuring, positive asset search, and assessing a client's hierarchy of needs are also outlined.

    Original Title

    COUNSELLING SKILLS

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    The document outlines various counseling skills and techniques used in the counseling process. It discusses the stages of counseling as initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action. Core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are also described. Specific counseling skills covered include attending behavior, open and closed-ended questions, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflecting, responding, and client observation. Techniques such as spheres of inference, confrontation, clarification, congruence, capping, encouraging, focusing, immediacy, miracle questions, proxemics, self-disclosure, structuring, positive asset search, and assessing a client's hierarchy of needs are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    407 views29 pages

    Counselling Skills and Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Wanda Lywait
    The document outlines various counseling skills and techniques used in the counseling process. It discusses the stages of counseling as initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action. Core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are also described. Specific counseling skills covered include attending behavior, open and closed-ended questions, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflecting, responding, and client observation. Techniques such as spheres of inference, confrontation, clarification, congruence, capping, encouraging, focusing, immediacy, miracle questions, proxemics, self-disclosure, structuring, positive asset search, and assessing a client's hierarchy of needs are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29
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    The key takeaways are the core conditions of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard as well as stages of the counselling process and counselling skills.

    The core conditions of counselling are empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.

    Some counselling skills discussed are active listening skills, open-ended and close-ended questions, paraphrasing, summarizing and reflection.

    COUNSELLING SKILLS

    AND TECHNIQUES
    Stages of the Counselling Process
    1. Initial disclosure- Relationship Building
    2. In-depth Exploration- Problem Assessment
    3. Commitment to Action-Goal Setting
    Core Conditions
     Empathy: Understanding what the client feels and

    not just what you would feel.


     Genuineness: Being who you are without pretense

    or hiding behind the “therapist” role.


     Unconditional Positive Regard: Accepting the

    person for who they may be without putting


    conditions on it or judgment.
    COUNSELLING SKILLS
    1. Attending Behaviour
     Orienting oneself physically and
    psychologically.
     Encourages the other person to talk and conveys

    empathy
     Involves two strategies
     SHOVLER and Listening Skills
    SHOVLER
     S-Face the other Squarely
     H-Nod Heads
     O-Adopt an Open Posture
     V-Verbal Following
     L-Lean towards the other
     E-Make Eye contact
     R-Be relatively Relax
    Active Listening Skills
     Most important counselling skill. Process of
    ‘hearing’ the other person.
     Involves three aspects.

    I. Linguistic: Actual words, phrases and


    metaphors.
    II. Paralinguistic: Not words but accent, volume,
    pitch, tone.
    III. Non-verbal: Body language, facial expressions
    and gestures.
    2. Open and Close Ended
    Questions

    Open-Ended Questions
     Questions that clients cannot easily answer

    with Yes or No or 1 or 2 word responses.


    Purposes
     To begin an interview.
     To encourage and motivate communication.
     To obtain detailed information.
    2. Open and Close Ended
    Questions
    Close-Ended Questions
     Questions that clients can easily answer with

    Yes or No or 1 or 2 word responses.


    Purposes
     To narrow the topic of discussion
     To interrupt an over-talkative client.
     To obtain specific information.
    3. Paraphrasing
     Counsellor rephrases the content of the client’s
    message.
    Purposes
     To help client’s simplify, focus and crystallize

    what they said.


     To provide a check on the accuracy of client’s

    perception.
     Used when client presents many problems at

    once.
    4. Summary
     Collection of 2 or more paraphrases or
    reflections that condenses the client’s
    messages or the session.
    Purposes
     To identify common theme or pattern
    throughout the counselling stages.
     To ties multiple elements of client’s messages.
     To review progress.
    5. Reflection
     Echoing back of the client’s last few words-
    verbal response to client emotion.
     Used to bring out underlying feelings.
     Widely used in Rogerian counselling.
     Example, Client: We move back to Delhi From

    US last year but nobody has settled down. My


    family never did like living in a large city. I
    found it difficult to get a job.....
     Counsellor: You found it difficult to get a job....
    6. Responding
     Accurate responding allows the counsellor to
    confirm with the client that they are being
    heard correctly.
    Purposes
     Used in all counselling stages to help the

    counsellor clarify information.


     To teach clients when responding to others in

    mediation.
    7. Client Observation
     Skilled client observation allows the
    counsellor to identify discrepancies or
    incongruities in the client’s or their own
    communication.
     Purposes
     To check for any behavioural, emotional,

    cognitive changes.
     To have a better understanding of the client’s

    feelings, actions, thoughts and emotions.


    COUNSELLING TECHNIQUES
    1. Spheres of Inference
     An Assessment tool for clients to see which
    areas of their life may be impacting and
    influencing them.
     Person’s job is to figure out which system

    gives them strength and which gives them


    stress.
     Some spheres of influence to consider are:

    themselves, immediate family, husband or


    wife, job or school. Community, religion and
    any external influences.
    2. Confrontation
     Not the client confronting the therapist or vice
    versa. Confrontation is within the client.
     Used to assist client’s self awareness when the

    counsellor observes mixed messages,


    behaviours, feelings or thoughts.
    3. Clarification
     Counsellor should often ask the client to
    clarify their messages to make sure they
    understand the situation correctly.
     This will help the counsellor avoid any

    misconceptions or make any assumptions that


    could hinder their feedback.
    4. Congruence
     The counsellor should be genuine and honest
    with their feedback and beliefs about their
    client’s situation and progress.
     The more authentic and true counsellors are

    with their counselling, the more that their


    client and work grow and benefit from their
    help.
    5. Core Conditions
     Essential traits counsellor needs to integrate
    for effective counselling such as positive self
    regard, empathy, etc.
    6. Capping
     Involves changing a conversation’s direction
    from emotional to cognitive if counsellor feels
    that client’s emotions needs to be calmed or
    regulated.
    7. Encouraging
     Being encouraging as a counsellor for your
    client is an essential technique that will help
    facilitate confidence and respect between both
    parties.
     Counsellor focus on the client’s strengths and

    assess to help them see themselves in a


    positive light.
    8. Focusing
     Involves the counsellor demonstrating that
    they understand what their client is
    experiencing by using non-judgmental
    attention without any words.
     Focusing can help the counsellor determine

    what the client needs to obtain next from their


    services.
    9. Immediacy
     Involves the counsellor speaking openly about
    something that is occurring in the present
    moment.
     This helps the client learn from their real life

    experiences and apply it to their reactions for


    other past situations.
    10. Miracle Questions
     Technique of asking a question of this sort will
    help the client see the world in a different way
    or perspective.
     Example, “What would your world look like if

    a miracle occurred? What would that miracle


    be and how would it change things?”
    11. Proxemics
     Technique where the counsellor study the
    spatial movements and conditions of
    communication that their client exhibits.
     By studying their client’s body orientation,

    counsellor can determine mood, feelings and


    reactions.
    12. Self-Disclosure
     The counsellor takes notes when personal
    information is disclosed at certain points of
    therapy.
     This will help the counsellor learn more about

    the client and use this information only to


    benefit them.
    13. Structuring
     When entering into counselling, the counsellor
    should discuss the agenda, activities and
    processes involved.
     This technique will help the client understand

    their counsellor’s train of thought into


    determining how this routine will work for
    them.
    14. Positive Asset Search
    A positive technique used by counsellors to
    help clients think up their positive strengths
    and attributes to get them into a strong mindset
    about themselves.
    15. Hierarchy of Needs
     Involves the counsellor assessing their client’s
    level of needs as based on the progress that
    they are making.
     Needs to factor are: physiological needs,

    safety needs, love and belonging needs, self


    esteem needs, and self actualization needs.
     All these will determine if change needs to

    take place in counselling.

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