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    Sky and Line of Sight Propagation Mode

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    Gokul
    The document discusses three main types of electromagnetic wave propagation: 1) Line of sight propagation travels in a straight line between transmitter and receiver if there are no obstacles. It has a short range. 2) Ground wave propagation uses the Earth and lower atmosphere as a waveguide. It allows signals to travel around the world at extremely low frequencies. 3) Skywave propagation reflects signals off the ionosphere, allowing them to travel longer distances beyond the horizon to distant receivers. It is used for broadcasting signals over large areas.

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    Sky and Line of Sight Propagation Mode

    Uploaded by

    Gokul
    56 views7 pages
    The document discusses three main types of electromagnetic wave propagation: 1) Line of sight propagation travels in a straight line between transmitter and receiver if there are no obstacles. It has a short range. 2) Ground wave propagation uses the Earth and lower atmosphere as a waveguide. It allows signals to travel around the world at extremely low frequencies. 3) Skywave propagation reflects signals off the ionosphere, allowing them to travel longer distances beyond the horizon to distant receivers. It is used for broadcasting signals over large areas.

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    line of propogation in networking

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    Sky and line of sight propagation mode

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    The document discusses three main types of electromagnetic wave propagation: 1) Line of sight propagation travels in a straight line between transmitter and receiver if there are no obstacles. It has a short range. 2) Ground wave propagation uses the Earth and lower atmosphere as a waveguide. It allows signals to travel around the world at extremely low frequencies. 3) Skywave propagation reflects signals off the ionosphere, allowing them to travel longer distances beyond the horizon to distant receivers. It is used for broadcasting signals over large areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views7 pages

    Sky and Line of Sight Propagation Mode

    Uploaded by

    Gokul
    The document discusses three main types of electromagnetic wave propagation: 1) Line of sight propagation travels in a straight line between transmitter and receiver if there are no obstacles. It has a short range. 2) Ground wave propagation uses the Earth and lower atmosphere as a waveguide. It allows signals to travel around the world at extremely low frequencies. 3) Skywave propagation reflects signals off the ionosphere, allowing them to travel longer distances beyond the horizon to distant receivers. It is used for broadcasting signals over large areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Sky and line of sight

    propagation mode
    Types of Propagation
    • In Radio communication systems, we use wireless
    electromagnetic waves as the channel. The antennas of
    different specifications can be used for these purposes. The
    mode of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the
    atmosphere and in free space may be divided into the
    following three categories:
    • The line of sight (LOS) propagation
    • Ground wave propagation
    • Skywave propagation
    Types of Propagation

    • In ELF (Extremely low frequency) and VLF (Very low frequency)


    frequency bands, the Earth, and the ionosphere act as a wave-guide
    for electromagnetic wave propagation. In these frequency ranges,
    communication signals practically propagate around the world. The
    channel bandwidths are small. Therefore, the information is
    transmitted through these channels has slow speed and confined to
    digital transmission.
    The line of Sight (LOS) Propagation

    • Among the modes of propagation,


    this line-of-sight propagation is the
    one, which we would have
    commonly noticed. In the line-of-
    sight communication, as the name
    implies, the wave travels a
    minimum distance of sight. Which
    means it travels to the distance up
    to which a naked eye can see. Then
    we need to employ an amplifier
    cum transmitter here to amplify
    the signal and transmit again.
    The line of Sight (LOS) Propagation
    • The line-of-sight propagation will not be smooth if there occurs any
    obstacle in its transmission path. As the signal can travel only to
    lesser distances in this mode, this transmission is used for infrared
    or microwave transmissions.
    Sky Wave Propagation

    • Skywave propagation is preferred


    when the wave has to travel a
    longer distance. Here the wave is
    projected onto the sky and it is
    again reflected back to the earth.
    • The sky wave propagation is well
    depicted in the above picture. Here
    the waves are shown to be
    transmitted from one place and
    where it is received by many
    receivers. Hence, it is an example
    of broadcasting.
    Sky Wave Propagation

    • The waves, which are transmitted from the transmitter


    antenna, are reflected from the ionosphere. It consists of
    several layers of charged particles ranging in altitude from 30-
    250 miles above the surface of the earth. Such travel of the
    wave from the transmitter to the ionosphere and from there to
    the receiver on Earth is known as Sky Wave Propagation. The
    ionosphere is the ionized layer around the Earth’s
    atmosphere, which is suitable for skywave propagation

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