Networking: Gyaneshwar Bohara

Networking
Gyaneshwar Bohara
Computer Network
• A computer network is a group of interconnected computers.
• It allows computers to communicate with each other and to share resources and
information.
• First Network : The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design
of the "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United
States Department of Defense
Computer Networking | BoharaG 2

Network Classification
• By Size or Scale
• LAN
• WAN
• MAN

Local Area Network (LAN)
• Contains printers, servers and computers
• Systems are close to each other
• Contained in one office or building
• Organizations often have several LANS

Local Area Network (LAN)
• LAN is a small and single-site network.
• A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance.
• It is a system in which computers are interconnected and the
geographical area such as home, office, building, school may be
within a building to 1 km.
• All the terminals are connected to a main computer called SERVER.
• On most LAN’s cables are used to connect the computers. LANs are
typically owned, controlled and managed by a single person or
organization.

Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• Two or more LANs connected
• Over a large geographic area
• Typically use public or leased lines
• Phone lines
• Satellite
• The Internet is a WAN

Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• A WAN is a geographically dispersed collection of LAN’s.
• A WAN like the internet spans most of the world.
• A network device called a ROUTER connects LAN’s to a WAN.
• These kinds of networks use telephone lines, satellite links and other
long-range communication technologies to connect.
• In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN
address.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Large network that connects different organizations
• Shares regional resources
• A network provider sells time

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• It is a data network designed for a town or a city.
• It connects an area larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN, such
as a city, with dedicated or high performance hardware.
• Its main purpose is to share hardware and software resources by the
various users.
• Cable TV network is an example of metropolitan area network.
• The computers in a MAN are connected using coaxial cables or fiber
optic cables.

Internetwork
• An Internetwork is the connection of two or more distinct computer
networks or network segments via a common routing technology.
• Any interconnection among or between public, private, commercial,

industrial, or governmental networks may also be defined as an
internetwork.
• Internet: There's only one of it.
• Intranet: An internal network local to a company mostly.
• Extranet: A part of an intranet that's publicly available mostly through the
internet.
Internetwork
• Intranet
• An intranet is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools such as web
browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a single administrative
entity.
• Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of an organization
• Extranet
• An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a single organization or
entity but which also has limited connections to the networks of one or more other usually, but
not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities
• by definition, an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least one connection
with an external network.
• Internet
• The Internet consists of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic, public, and
private networks based upon the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite.
• It is the successor of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
developed by DARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense.
• The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the World Wide Web (WWW).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET, INTRANET AND
EXTRANET
• The Internet, extranets, and intranets all rely on the same TCP/IP technologies.
• However, they are different in terms of the levels of access they allow to
various users inside and outside the organization and the size of the network.
• An intranet allows for restricted access to only members of an organization;
• an extranet expands that access by allowing non-members such as suppliers
and customers to use company resources.
• The difference between the Internet and extranets is that while the extranet
allows limited access to non-members of an organization, the Internet generally
allows everyone to access all network resources

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Networking

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• Any interconnection among or between public, private, commercial,

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