Safe Use of Power Tools

Power tools
Safe Use of Power Tools
1
Content
• Introduction
• Specific Hazards
 Electricity
 Vibration
 Noise
 Eye Injuries
• Safe Practices
• Use of PPE
• Conclusions
2
Content
• Introduction
 Electricity
 Vibration
 Noise
 Eye Injuries
• Safe Practices
• Use of PPE
• Conclusions
3
Introduction
Overall Aims:
On completion of this unit, candidates
will understand:

The risks and hazards from the use of
power tools;
The basic measures to be taken to
minimise risk.
4
Introduction
 Power tools can be hazardous when improperly used.

 There are several types of power tools, based on the power
source they use:
 electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder-
actuated.
 Power tools include:

 drills, grinders, impact tools, jack hammers, riveting
guns, sanders, saws, sprayers and wrenches.
 Employees should be trained in the use of all tools - not just

power tools. They should understand the potential hazards
as well as the safety precautions to prevent those hazards
from occurring.
5
Content
• Introduction
 Electricity
 Vibration
 Noise
 Eye Injuries
• Safe Practices
• Use of PPE
• Conclusions
6
Safe Use of Power Tool
Tool Hazards
A fast power tool can chop your fingers off in a second!
 The most common power tool accidents involve injuries to the fingers;
 This can be anything from a minor cut to losing the entire finger;
 Approximately half off all finger amputations each year are the result of an injury involving a power
tool;
 The most common power tool involved in these cases are various types of saws.
7
Tool Hazards
 Mechanical entanglement in rotating spindles or sanding discs;
 Waste material flying out of the cutting area;
 Coming into contact with the cutting blades or drill bits;
 Risk of hitting electricity, gas or water services when drilling into building surfaces;
 Manual handling problem with a risk of injury if the tool is heavy or very powerful;
 Hand-arm vibration especially with petrol strimmers and chainsaws;
 Tripping hazard from trailing cables or power supplies;
 Eye hazard from flying particles;
 Explosion risk with petrol driven tools or when used near flammable liquids or gases ;
 High noise levels with routers, planes and saws in particular;
 Poorly designed tool- ergonomic hazards such as wrist strain;
 Exposure to dust and fumes;
 Electrical hazards due to frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper
grounding.
8
Tool Hazards - Grinding machine
The hazards include:
 Contact with the rotating wheel causing abrasion;

 Drawing in between the rotating wheel and a badly adjusted tool rest;
 Bursting of the wheel, ejecting fragments which puncture the operator;
 Electrical through faulty wiring and/or earthing or during maintenance;
 Fragments given off during the grinding process causing eye injury;
 Hot fragments given off which could cause a fire;
 Noise produced during the grinding process;
 Possible health hazard from dust/particles/fumes given off during grinding.
9
Tool Hazards - Brush cutter/strimmer
 Entanglement with rotating parts of motor and shaft;

 Cutting from contact with cutting head/line;
 Electric shock, if electrically powered but this is unlikely;
 Burns from hot parts of the engine;
 Fire from the use of highly flammable petrol as a fuel;
 Possible noise hazard from the drive motor and cutting action;
 Eye and face puncture wounds from ejected particles;
 Health hazard from vibration causing white finger and other
problems;
 Back strain from carrying the machine while operating;

 Health hazards from animal faeces.
10
Safety work practices
Power Tool Safety
11
Basic Power Tool Safety
 Suitability - all tools should be suitable for the

purpose and location in which they are to be
used;
 Inspection - all tools should be maintained in

a safe and proper condition;
 Training - all users of hand tools should be

properly trained in their use. This may well
have been done through apprenticeships and
similar training;
12
Good Practice – Minimize the Hazards
The following general precautions should be observed by power tool users:

 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose;
 Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle;
 Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges;
 Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing
accessories such as blades, bits and cutters;
 All observers should be kept at a safe distance away from the work area;
 Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool;
 Avoid accidental starting. The worker should not hold a finger on the switch
button while carrying a plugged-in tool;
 Tools should be maintained with care. They should be kept sharp and clean for
the best performance. Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating
and changing accessories;
 Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance;
 The proper apparel should be worn. Loose clothing, ties, or jewelry can become
caught in moving parts;
 All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be removed from use and
tagged "Do Not Use."
13
Good Practice - Guards
 Hazardous moving parts of a power tool need to be safeguarded. For example,
belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, fly wheels, chains, or
other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment must be guarded if
such parts are exposed to contact by employees.
 Guards, as necessary, should be provided to protect the operator and others from
the following:
 point of operation;
 in-running nip points;
 rotating parts; and
 flying chips and sparks.
 Safety guards must never be removed when a tool is being used. For example,
portable circular saws must be equipped with guards. An upper guard must cover
the entire blade of the saw. A retractable lower guard must cover the teeth of the
saw, except when it makes contact with the work material. The lower guard must
automatically return to the covering position when the tool is withdrawn from the
work.
14
 Guard exposed moving parts of power tools
 Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets,

spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving
parts
 Never remove a guard when a tool is in use
This shows a
radial arm saw
equipped with
proper point of
operation guards Portable circular saws
equipped with guards above
and below the base plate or
shoe. The lower guard shall
cover the saw to the depth of
15
the teeth.
Nip Point
Machine guards must protect the operator and
others from:
 Point of operation;
 In-running nip points;
 Rotating parts;
 Flying chips and sparks.
16
Good Practice – Safety Switches
Hand-held power tools must be equipped with:
 Constant pressure switch

 Shuts off power upon release;
 Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held
power drill.
 On-Off Switch
 Examples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig
saws, nibblers, scroll saws.
17
Good Practice – Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools
 Powered abrasive grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire buffing wheels create
special safety problems because they may throw off flying fragments;
 Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and sound- or
ring-tested to be sure that it is free from cracks or defects. To test, wheels should
be tapped gently with a light non-metallic instrument. If they sound cracked or
dead, they could fly apart in operation and so must not be used. A sound and
undamaged wheel will give a clear metallic tone or "ring”;
 To prevent the wheel from cracking, the user should be sure it fits freely on the
spindle. The spindle nut must be tightened enough to hold the wheel in place,
without distorting the flange. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Care
must be taken to assure that the spindle wheel will not exceed the abrasive wheel
specifications;
 Due to the possibility of a wheel disintegrating (exploding) during start-up, the
employee should never stand directly in front of the wheel as it accelerates to full
operating speed;
 Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety guards to protect workers
not only from the moving wheel surface, but also from flying fragments in case of
breakage;
 In addition, when using a powered grinder:
 Always use eye protection;
 Turn off the power when not in use;
 Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vice.
18
Failure to Ring Test

 Failure to ring test could result
in a disintegrating wheel.
 This could lead to serious injury
or death.
 Before mounting:
 inspect closely for damage;
 perform sound- or ring-test
to ensure free from cracks /

defects.
 To test:
 tap wheel gently with a
light, non-metallic
instrument;
 if wheel sounds cracked or
dead, do not use it because
it could fly apart.
19
 To prevent cracking:
 Fit the wheel on the spindle
freely;
 Tighten the spindle nut
enough to hold the wheel in
place without distorting the
flange;
 Let the tool come up to
speed prior to grinding or
cutting;
 Don’t stand in front of the Ensure the spindle
wheel as it comes up to full
speed; speed doesn’t exceed
the maximum speed
 Use eye and/or face marked on the wheel
protection.
20
Good Practice – Pneumatic Tools
 Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include chippers, drills,
hammers, and sanders.
 There are several dangers encountered in the use of pneumatic tools. The main one
is the danger of getting hit by one of the tool's attachments or by some kind of
fastener the worker is using with the tool.
 Eye protection is required and face protection is recommended for employees
working with pneumatic tools.
 Noise is another hazard. Working with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires
proper, effective use of hearing protection.
 When using pneumatic tools, employees must check to see that they are fastened
securely to the hose to prevent them from becoming disconnected. A short wire or
positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool will serve as an added
safeguard.
 A safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent attachments, such as chisels
on a chipping hammer, from being unintentionally shot from the barrel.
 Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying
fragments around chippers, riveting guns, staplers, or air drills.
 Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward anyone. Users should never
"dead-end" it against themselves or anyone else.
21
Good Practice – Pneumatic Tools
Unacceptable
Wire used to secure hose
Acceptable
22
Good Practice – Power Actuated Tools
Powder-actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and should be treated with the
same respect and precautions. In fact, they are so dangerous that they must be
operated only by specially trained employees. Safety precautions to remember
include the following:
 These tools should not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
 Before using the tool, the worker should inspect it to determine that it is clean, that all
moving parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstructions.
 The tool should never be pointed at anybody.

 The tool should not be loaded unless it is to be used immediately. A loaded tool should not
be left unattended, especially where it would be available to unauthorized persons.
 Hands should be kept clear of the barrel end. To prevent the tool from firing accidentally,
two separate motions are required for firing: one to bring the tool into position, and another
to pull the trigger. The tools must not be able to operate until they are pressed against the
work surface with a force of at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.
23
Good Practice – Power Actuated Tools
Additional safety precautions to remember include the following:
 If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing it
again. If it still will not fire, the user should wait another 30 seconds so that the faulty cartridge is
less likely to explode, than carefully remove the load. The bad cartridge should be put in water.
 Suitable eye and face protection are essential when using a powder-actuated tool.
 The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered perpendicularly on the
barrel to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard when the
tool is fired. The tool must be designed so that it will not fire unless it has this kind of safety device.
 All powder-actuated tools must be designed for varying powder charges so that the user can select a
powder level necessary to do the work without excessive force.
 If the tool develops a defect during use it should be tagged and taken out of service immediately
until it is properly repaired.
24
Good Practice – Fatal Fact
 Employee killed when struck
in head by a nail fired from a
powder actuated tool.
 Tool operator was attempting

to anchor a plywood form in
preparation for pouring a
concrete wall.
25
Good Practice – Fasteners
When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners, there are

some precautions to consider:
 Fasteners must not be fired into material that would let them
pass through to the other side.
 The fastener must not be driven into materials like brick or
concrete any closer than 3 inches to an edge or corner.
 In steel, the fastener must not come any closer than one-half
inch from a corner or edge.
 Fasteners must not be driven into very hard or brittle materials
which might chip or splatter, or make the fastener ricochet.
 An alignment guide must be used when shooting a fastener into
an existing hole. A fastener must not be driven into a spalled
area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening.
26
Good Practice – Hydraulic Power Tools
 The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire-
resistant fluid and must retain its operating characteristics at the most
extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed.
The manufacturer's recommended safe operating pressure for hoses,
valves, pipes, filters, and other fittings must not be exceeded.
JACKS
 All jacks - lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic
jacks - must have a device that stops them from jacking up too
high. Also, the manufacturer's load limit must be permanently
marked in a prominent place on the jack and should not be
exceeded.
 A jack should never be used to support a lifted load. Once the
load has been lifted, it must immediately be blocked up.
 Use wooden blocking under the base if necessary to make the
jack level and secure. If the lift surface is metal, place a 1-inch-
thick hardwood block or equivalent between it and the metal
jack head to reduce the danger of slippage.
27
Good Practice – Hydraulic Power Tools - JACKS
To set up a jack, ensure:

 The base is on a firm, level surface;
 Jack is correctly centered;
 The jack head is placed against a level surface;
 You apply the lift force evenly;
 Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly;
 Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for
safety. All jacks must be inspected before each
use and lubricated regularly;
 If a jack is subjected to an abnormal load or
shock, it should be thoroughly examined to
make sure it has not been damaged;
 Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing
temperatures must be filled with an adequate
antifreeze liquid;
 The manufacturer's rated capacity must be
marked on all jacks and must not be exceeded;
 All jacks must have a stop indicator that is not
exceeded.
28
Good Practice – Portable Circular Saws
The circular saw is probably the most commonly used power saw and perhaps
the most commonly abused. Familiarity should not breed carelessness.
The following are specific safety musts when using any portable circular
saws:
 Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields and a full
face shield when needed. Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions. Wear
hearing protection.
 Don't wear loose clothing, jewelry or dangling objects, including long hair,
that may catch in rotating parts or accessories.
 Don't use a circular saw that is too heavy for you to easily control.
 Be sure the switch actuates properly. It should turn the tool on and return
to the off position after release.
 Use sharp blades. Dull blades cause binding, stalling and possible
kickback. They also waste power and reduce motor and switch life.
 Use the correct blade for the application. Check this carefully. Does it have
the proper size and shape arbor hole? Is the speed marked on the blade at
least as high as the no-load RPM on the saw's nameplate?
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 Before using the saw make sure:
 that power supply is off and check blades for cracks, burn marks, etc.
 that the on-off switch works properly.
 make sure the plug and lead is not damaged.
 that the guards are present & secure. If they are spring loaded ensure they are working
properly. Check often to ensure that guards return to their normal position quickly. If a guard
seems slow to return or hangs up, repair or adjust it immediately. Never defeat the guard to
expose the blade by, for example, tying it back or removing it.
 Before starting a circular saw, be sure the power cord and extension cord are out of the blade path
and are long enough to freely complete the cut. Keep aware of the cord location. A sudden jerk or
pulling on the cord can cause loss of control of the saw and a serious accident.
 For maximum control, hold the saw firmly with both hands after securing the workpiece. Clamp
workpieces. Check frequently to be sure clamps remain secure.
 Avoid cutting small pieces that can't be properly secured and material on which the saw shoe can't
properly rest.
 When you start the saw, allow the blade to reach full speed before contacting the workpiece.
 When making a partial cut, or if power is interrupted, release the trigger immediately and don't
remove the saw until the blade has come to a complete stop.
30
 WHAT ARE THE ELECTRICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING POWER SAWS??

 Use 110 volt supply to reduce risk of lethal electric shock.
 Use of residual current device gives additional protection.
 Tools should be earthed and double insulated.
 awareness of working near water.
 When making adjustments, unplug the saw.
 Saws must be checked regularly by a competent electrician.
 Check for the presence of electrical and other services before cutting or
drilling.
MISUSE AND IGNORANCE OF

POWER SAWS CAN LEAD TO
VERY SERIOUS INJURIES
31
Is it safe?
32
Good Practice – Portable Drills
 Available in a variety of types and capacities, portable power drills are undoubtedly
the most used power tools.
 Because of their handiness and application to a wide range of jobs, drills often receive
heavy use.
 For this reason, you'll need to check with care your drill's capacity limitations and
accessory recommendations.
 Check carefully for loose power cord connections and frays or damage to the cord.
Replace damaged tool and extension cords immediately.
 Be sure the chuck is tightly secured to the spindle. This is especially important on
reversible type drills.
 Tighten the bit securely as prescribed by the owner/operator's manual. The chuck key
must be removed from the chuck before starting the drill. A flying key can be an
injury-inflicting missile.
 Check auxiliary handles, if part of the tool. Be sure they are securely installed. Always
use the auxiliary drill handle when provided. It gives you more control of the drill,
especially if stalled conditions occur. Grasp the drill firmly by insulated surfaces.
 Always hold or brace the tool securely. Brace against stationary objects for maximum
control. If drilling in a clockwise -- forward -- direction, brace the drill to prevent a
counterclockwise reaction.
 Don't force a drill. Apply enough pressure to keep the drill bit cutting smoothly. If the
drill slows down, relieve the pressure. Forcing the drill can cause the motor to
overheat, damage the bit and reduce operator control.
33
General Safety Precautions - Summary
Employees who use hand and power tools and who are exposed to the
hazards of falling, flying, abrasive and splashing objects, or exposed to
harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases must be provided with
the particular personal equipment necessary to protect them from the
hazard.
All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by
following five basic safety rules:
 Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.

 Use the right tool for the job.
 Examine each tool for damage before use.
 Operate according to the manufacturer's instructions.
 Provide and use the proper protective equipment.
 Employees and employers have a responsibility to work together to
establish safe working procedures. If a hazardous situation is
encountered, it should be brought to the attention of the proper
individual immediately.
34
Inspect tools & equipment:
 Before you start a job, INSPECT EQUIPMENT and TOOLS to see that they’re
in good shape.
 Worn, defective or carelessly operated tools are the direct cause of many
electrical accidents. Always choose the right tool for the right job.
 Hand tools should have insulated grips. Don’t use if the insulation is
defective.
 Portable electrical tools often present a high risk of injury, which is
frequently caused by the conditions under which they are used including
the use of defective or unsuitable equipment and the misuse of equipment.
 Many accidents are caused by faulty flexible cables, extension leads, plugs
and sockets.
 Accidents often occur when contact is made with some part of the tool
which has become live while the user is standing on, or in contact with, an
earthed conducting surface.
SIR = SELECT-INSPECT-REJECT
35
Inspection- What to look out for?
 Is there a recent portable appliance test (PAT) label attached to the equipment?
 Are any bare wires visible?
 Is the cable covering undamaged, internal wires visible and free from cuts and
abrasions?
 Is the cable too long or too short? (Does it present a trip hazard?)
 Is the plug in good condition, for example, the casing is not cracked and the pins are not
bent?
 Are there no taped or other non-standard joints in the cable?
 Is the outer covering (sheath) of the cable gripped where it enters the plug or the
equipment?
 Is the outer case of the equipment undamaged or loose and are all screws in place?
 Are there any overheating or burn marks on the plug, cable, sockets or the equipment?
 Are the trip devices (RCDs) working effectively (by pressing the 'test' button)?
SIR = SELECT-INSPECT-REJECT
36
Specific Hazards -
Electricity
Power Tool Safety
37
Power Tools & Electricity
 Employees using electric tools must be aware of

several dangers; the most serious is the possibility of
electrocution.
 Among the chief hazards of electric-powered tools
are burns and slight shocks which can lead to injuries
or even heart failure.
 Under certain conditions, even a small amount of
current can result in fibrillation of the heart and
eventual death.
 A shock also can cause the user to fall off a ladder or
other elevated work surface.
38
Reducing Electrical Hazards
 Electrical service cords should be in good condition.

 Remove from service any equipment with frayed cords or exposed
wires, Never use temporary wiring.
 All electrical equipment must be grounded, use 3-pronged plugs
 Water can turn anything into an electrical conductor - don’t stand
in water or have water on your hands when using electrical
equipment.
 Follow the safe work procedures on electrical isolation and
tagging.
 Don’t Use Nails, Staples, Screws, etc, To Attach Or Fasten A Cord Or
Plug.
 Never bypass any safety device on a piece of electrical equipment.
 No electrical work shall be performed except by a qualified person.
 Never use temporary wiring.
 Keep electrical cables in a safe & good condition– away from water
& traffic.
 Hazards increase with the frequency of use and the harshness of
the environment.
39
Plugs & extension cords
 Power switches must be off when

inserting or removing plugs.
 Don’t pull or jerk cord to unplug
equipment.
 Don’t stack a plug as this can overload
the power point and result in a fire.
 Use a single plug for each electrical
connection.
 Keep power cords clear of heat, water,
sharp objects, etc.
 Extension cords – make sure they are
the right size and rating for your tools.
40
Control Measures
Protective Systems
 Fuses
 Earthing
 Isolation
 Reduced low voltage systems
 Residual current devices
 Double insulation
41
Electric Shock
 An electrical shock is received when electrical

current passes through the body.
 You will get an electrical shock if a part of your

body completes an electrical circuit by:
 Touching a live wire and an electrical ground, or
 Touching a live wire and another wire at a different
voltage.
 Severity of the shock depends on:

 Path of current through the body;
 Amount of current flowing through the body (amps);
 Duration of the shocking current through the body.
42
Electric Shock Response
 On finding a person suffering from electric shock, raise the alarm by calling for help from
colleagues (including a trained first aider).
 Switch off the power if it is possible and/or the position of the emergency isolation switch
is known.
 Call for an ambulance.
 If it is not possible to switch off the power, then push or pull the person away from the
conductor using an object made from a good insulator, such as a wooden chair or broom.
Remember to stand on dry insulating material, for example, a wooden pallet, rubber mat or
wooden box. If these precautions are not taken, then the rescuer will also be electrocuted.
 If the person is breathing, place them in the recovery position so that an open airway is
maintained and the mouth can drain if necessary.
 If the person is not breathing apply mouth to mouth resuscitation and, in the absence of a
pulse, chest compressions. When the person is breathing normally place them in the
recovery position.
 Treat any burns by placing a sterile dressing over the burn and secure with a bandage. Any
loose skin or blisters should not be touched nor any lotions or ointments applied to the burn
wound.
 If the person regains consciousness, treat for normal shock.
 Remain with the person until they are taken to a: hospital or local surgery.
43
44
Electric Burns
 Most common shock-related injury.

 Occurs when you touch electrical
wiring or equipment that is improperly
used or maintained.
 Typically occurs on hands.
 Very serious injury that needs
immediate attention.
45
Electric Fire Response
 In the case of a fire involving electrical

equipment, the first action must be the
isolation of the power supply so that the
circuit is no longer live.
 Where it is not possible to switch off the
current, the fire must be attacked in a way
which will not cause additional danger.
 The use of a non-conducting extinguishing
medium, such as carbon dioxide or powder,
is necessary.
 After extinguishing such a fire careful
watch should be kept for renewed
outbreaks until the fault has been rectified.
 Re-ignition is a particular problem when
carbon dioxide extinguishers are used,
although less equipment may be damaged
than is the case when powder is used.
46
Extension Cord Hazards
Extension cords are approved for temporary use only. If

extended use is required, hard wiring such as a new outlet should
be installed. Extension cords are easily frayed, a condition which
may expose bare wires. If not properly placed, extension cords
may also become a trip hazard.
47
Common Power Cord Problems
Exposed
Wires
Power cords are doubly insulated and should be

replaced if the outer layer of insulation becomes
frayed exposing wires. 48
Is it Safe?
Don’t carry
portable tools
by the cord
49
Is it Safe?
50
Electrical Safety
Remember
There is no such thing as a minor
electric shock; they are all serious
events and each has the potential
to extinguish life in seconds
51
Hand Arm Vibration (HAV)
Power Tool Safety
52
Hand Arm Vibration
 WHAT IS HAV?
 HAV is vibration transmitted from work processes into
workers’ hands and arms. It can be caused by operating
hand-held power tools such as road breakers, hand-
guided equipment such as lawn mowers, or by holding
materials being processed by machines such as
pedestal grinders.
 WHEN IS IT HAZARDOUS?
Regular and frequent exposure to high levels of vibration
can lead to permanent injury. This is most likely when
contact with a vibrating tool or process is a regular part
of a person’s job.
53
Hand Arm Vibration
WHICH JOBS AND INDUSTRIES ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED
BY HAV?
Jobs requiring regular and frequent use of vibrating tools and
equipment are found in a wide range of industries, for example:
 Building and maintenance of roads and railways
 Concrete products
 Construction
 Forestry
 Foundries
 Heavy engineering
 Mines and quarries
 Plate and sheet metal fabrication;
 Public services
 Public utilities
54
Hand Arm Vibration - Causes &
Effects
WHAT SORT OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE VIBRATION
INJURY?
 Chainsaws
 Concrete breakers/road drills
 Hammer drills
 Hand-held grinders
 Hand-held sanders
 Nut runners
 Pedestal grinders
 Power hammers and chisels
 Powered lawnmowers
 Riveting hammers and bolsters
 Strimmers/brush cutters
 Swaging machines.
55
Effects
WHAT INJURIES CAN HAV CAUSE?
Regular exposure to HAV can cause a range of
permanent injuries to hands and arms
including damage to the:
 Blood circulatory system (e.g. vibration white
finger)
 Sensory nerves
 Muscles
 Bones
 Joints
56
Effects
HAV Symptons
 Attacks of whitening (blanching) of one or more
fingers when exposed to cold/wet
 Tingling and loss of sensation in the fingers
 Loss of light touch
 Pain and cold sensations between periodic white
finger attacks
 Loss of grip strength
 Bone cysts in fingers and wrists
Stockholm Classification
57
Effects
) WHAT EFFECTS DO THESE INJURIES HAVE ON
PEOPLE?
 Painful finger blanching attacks (triggered by cold or
wet conditions)
 Loss of sense of touch and temperature
 Numbness and tingling
 Loss of grip strength
 Loss of manual dexterity
 Unable to work in cold/wet conditions
 Unable to do leisure activities such as fishing, golf,
swimming
 Need to avoid further exposure to vibration, or cold and
wet conditions
 Have difficulty handling tools and materials and with
tasks requiring fine finger manipulation
UK 36,000 people advanced stage, 228,000 with

condition
58
Hand Arm Vibration –
Management & Control
WHAT CAN I DO TO CONTROL THE RISK?
 Look for alternative ways of working which eliminate the vibrating equipment altogether
 Make sure your employees use the most appropriate equipment for each job
 Minimise the time individuals use the equipment
 Break up periods of continuous equipment use by individuals
 Design the job so that poor posture is avoided.
 Construct jigs to hold materials or tools.
 Maintain tools to the manufacturer’s specifications to avoid worsening vibration for
example:
 o Replace vibration mounts before they are worn out;
 o Ensure rotating parts are checked for balance and replace them if necessary;
 o Keep tools sharp.
 o Get advice from your trade association on best practice.
 o Get advice from the equipment manufacturer on safe use of the equipment.
 Mechanise or automate the work or change the way of working
 Ask the manufacturer to add anti-vibration mounts to isolate the operator from the
vibration source
 Provide tool support to take the weight of the tool allowing the operator to reduce grip and feed force
 Introduce a purchasing policy specifying low vibration performance for new equipment
59
Workers can reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration

syndrome (HAVS) by following safe work practices:
practices
 Employ a minimum hand grip consistent with safe
operation of the tool or process.
 Wear sufficient clothing, including gloves, to keep
warm.
 Avoid continuous exposure by taking rest periods.
 Rest the tool on the work piece whenever practical.
 Refrain from using faulty tools.
 Maintain properly sharpened cutting tools.
 Consult a doctor at the first sign of vibration disease
and ask about the possibility of changing to a job with
less exposure
60
Employees should also have access to a proactive health
surveillance programme.
Regular Employees Checks:

 Have your fingers gone white on exposure to cold?
 Have you had any tingling or numbness in your fingers after using
vibrating equipment?
 Are you experiencing any problems with muscles or joints in your
hands or arms?
 Do you have any difficulty picking up small objects such as screws
or nails?
 Is it difficult to tell if something is hot or cold to the touch?
If the answer to any of these questions is ‘yes’, assume that there is a risk from HAV.
Talkk top your supervisor and you may be refered to a doctor and action taken to
reduce exposure.
61
Occupational Vibration
Control Standards
The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application)
Regulations 2007 (S.I. No 299 of 2007) revoke and replace the
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Control of Vibration)
Regulations 2006. Part 5 Chapter 2 of the 2007 Regulations
specifically addresses Control of Vibration at Work.
For Hand Arm Vibration:
 The daily exposure limit value standardised to an
eight-hour reference period shall be 5 m/s 2.
 The daily exposure action value standardised to an
eight-hour reference period shall be 2,5 m/s 2.
Links to information on occupational vibration available

at: http://www.consultnet.ie/vibration.htm
62
Use of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Power Tool Safety
63
Personal Protective Equipment
 Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent

injury or illness from a specific hazard.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes safety equipment
for protection of eyes, hearing, foot, Head and the total body.
 The type of PPE used depends on the hazards you are likely to
come in contact with.
 When using any PPE always inspect the equipment before each
use, and clean and store the equipment according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
 PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection
against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards,
engineering controls, and sound work practices.
 PPE is the last line of defense against hazards and should only
be used after every reasonable effort has been made to
eliminate the hazard.
64
Personal Protective Equipment
Choose quality product made to a high standard

(e.g. CE mark).
Choose equipment which suits the wearer-
consider size, fit and weight.
Make sure it fits properly.
Where more than one item of PPE is in use
make sure they are compatible.
Instruct and train people in its use –why it is
needed, when to use it and what its limitations
are.
65
Safe Use of PPE
Head
Protection
 Must be worn at all times within designated areas
on construction and industrial sites.
 The use of helmets on construction sites is a
requirement of law and is strictly enforced.
 Helmets that have been subject to impacts or any
type of damage must be replaced immediately.
New helmet every five years
Change liner every year
66
Safe Use of PPE
Foot
Protection
 Safety boots fitted with steel caps must be
worn at all times on entering construction
sites
 Safety boots, both rubber and leather, are
fitted with steel toe caps.
 Chemical resistant footwear also available.
67
Many people are blinded each year by
work related eye injuries. Injuries that
could have been prevented if people had
used the correct eye or face protection
68
Safe Use of PPE
Types of Eye Hazards
Flying objects
Particles and dust
Chemicals
Harmful light radiation –

ultraviolet, lasers, infrared
69
3
Safe Use of PPE
Sources of Eye Hazards
Flying objects or particles in eye
Grinding
Sanding
Sandblasting
Blowdown
Woodworking Nail gun use

70
4
Safe Use of PPE
What causes eye injuries?

Over 90% of eye injuries are due to four general causes:
 Being struck in the eye by flying particles and objects such as nuts,
bolts, ball bearings, springs, and fragments from abrasive blasting and
grinding. The missile strikes the eye a blow that either grazes, bruises,
tears or penetrates.
 Striking the eye against moving or stationary objects, hand tools, etc.
Such accidents happen when you blunder into the corner of an open
cabinet or stab your eye on a protruding tool or piece of equipment in
your work area.
 Eye contact with: Splashes of molten metals, hot liquids, corrosive
chemicals, irritant liquids, disease-causing agents. Squirts of
chemicals in the eye will cause damage to the tissue, if not
immediately flooded with water. Some of the most extensive corneal
scars result from chemicals such as lime and concentrated acids and
alkalis. These cause serious visual loss and considerable disfigurement.
 Exposure to welding flash, hot substances, laser beams, infrared
radiation, laser reflection.
71
Safe Use of PPE
Safety Glasses
Unbreakable lenses
of plastic or
tempered glass with
side shields.
For light-to-
moderate work.
Can be prescription
lenses contact
Safety Department
for appointment.
72
Safe Use of PPE
 Work where significant

Goggles risk of splash of chemicals
or projectiles.
 Can be worn over
prescription glasses.
 Goggles fit the face
immediately surrounding
the eyes and form a
protective seal around the
eyes. This prevents objects
from entering under or
around the goggles.
73
Safe Use of PPE
Face Shield
 Work with significant risk
of splash on face or
possible explosion.
 Face shield protects face
adequately but not eyes.
 When worn alone, face
shields do not protect
employees from impact
hazards. Use face shields in
combination with safety
spectacles or goggles for
additional protection.
74
Safe Use of PPE
Care & Maintenance
 Inspect for damage

daily.
Clean as needed.
Replace if broken, cracked or
if material on the lens or face-
shield can’t be removed.
75
17
Don’t let it happen to you
WEAR YOUR EYE
PROTECTION
76
Safe Use of PPE
HEARING PROTECTION
 Common Workplace Injury.
 Gradual Increase Over Time.
 Damage Can Be Caused Without Pain.
 Incorrect Protection Or Protection Worn
Incorrectly Can Be Equally Damaging.
77
Safe Use of PPE
Hearing Protection
 Hearing protection should be worn in all

designated areas (noise in excess of 85 decibels (dBa)).
 If two people 1m apart must shout to be heard, the
background noise is too loud (above 85 decibels).
 Various types of hearing protection are available
 Muffs;
 Plugs;
 Custom fit/moulded plugs.
Pay particular attention to Hygiene
78
Safe Use of PPE
Hearing Protection
Examples of Commonly Used Noisy Equipment
Equipment Noise Level

Chain Saw 110 decibels
Front-end Loader 90-95 decibels
Gunshot 140 decibels
Jackhammer 112 decibels
Lawn Mower 90 decibels
Tractor 95-105 decibels
Circular Saw 90-100 decibels
79
10
Safe Use of PPE
Ear Muffs - Do’s & Don’ts
 The hearing protection should be worn 100% of the

time in noisy environments so as to offer full protective
effect.
 Clean the outside of the hearing protector regularly
 Do not store the hearing protector in temperatures
>55oC.
 The hearing protector and, in particular, the ear
cushions, may be damaged over a period of time and
should be checked regularly to see if there are any cracks
or damage.
 Recommended replacement interval for foam pads/ear
cushions: at least twice a year in order to ensure
constant attenuation, hygiene and comfort levels.
80
Safe Use of PPE
Ear Plugs - Do’s & Don’ts
 Roll the plug between your fingers and insert while

pulling the outer ear upwards and backwards to
straighten the ear canal.
 Let the plug expand in the ear for some 30 seconds.
 Check the plug attenuates noise well, without any
leakage.
 Wear the plug, preferable with the cord behind the
neck.
 The earplug should be worn at all times in noisy
surrounds.
 The plug should be stored before and between
usage in a way that protects them from dirt, grease,
etc.
Effectiveness depends mainly on the tightness of fit
within the ear canal
81
Safe Use of PPE
Hearing Protection
Inserting Foam Earplugs
Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug correctly inserted
82
17
Safe Use of PPE
Hearing Protectors - Do’s & Don’ts
 100% Wear Time - Provides predicted

protective effect.
 99% Wear Time - 5 minutes carelessness per

day reduces the protective effect
dramatically.
 90% Wear Time - You can no longer be sure of

effective protection.
83
Safe Use of PPE
Hand Protection
 Gloves should be worn wherever
possible to prevent injury and
chemical contact.
 Various types of gloves are available.
 Ensure the type used is suitable for
the task, particularly if working with
chemical products.
 Gloves that are no longer in use
should be disposed of properly into
rubbish bins.
84
Safe Use of PPE
Protective Gloves
Physical, Temperature, Chemical and
Electrical Hazards.
Match chemical resistance to materials in use.
No consensus standards for industry.
Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.
Web site: http://www.bestglove.com/ &
Glove Manufacturer’s websites.
85
Safe Use of PPE
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
 Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected
and worn.
 Includes disposable respirators, half masks, full face mask respirator and breathing apparatus.
 Make sure you use the right type of respirator filter.
 If a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator can become a hazard to you.
 Read and follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care,
and warnings regarding the limitations of the respirator.
 Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not
designed to prevent against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect
you against gasses or vapors.
 Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else’s respirator.
86
Safe Use of PPE
Respiratory Protection
Respirator types
 Disposable particulate (dust);
 Cartridge particulate;
 Chemical Cartridge;
 Organic;
 Acid gases;
 Ammonia;
 Combination Types;
 Air Line and Self Contained.
87
Safe Use of PPE
Respiratory Protection Limitations
 Facial fit testing.

 Protection factors:
 5, 10 or 50 times the exposure limits.
 Cartridge life:
 Must be estimated to prevent
breakthrough;
 Website or consult with HSE.
 Clean shaven:
 Where respirator seals against skin.
88
Safe Use of PPE
Remember for YOUR Safety

It is your responsibility to use, maintain and
store your Personal Protective Equipment
correctly
PPE IS DESIGNED FOR SPECIFIC
HAZARDS THAT ARE PRESENT IN
SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES, CHANGE
THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND YOU
CHANGE THE HAZARD
PPE IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE PERSON
WEARING IT !
89
Conclusions
All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following basic safety
rules:
 Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
 Examine each tool for damage before use & report faulty, ineffective or poorly maintained tools &
remove from work area; Select-Inspect-Reject (SIR).
 Use the right tool for the job.
 Operate according to the manufacturer's instructions.
 If you are unsure ASK.
 Start slow, then increase speed (drills, saws, screwdrivers).
 Cut, Drill, Saw AWAY from your body when possible.
 Only use' accessories and attachments that are described in the operating instructions or are
provided or recommended by the tool manufacturer
 Using safe handling techniques.
 Keep workshops and storage spaces clean and dry to prevent accidents. Sparks ignite scraps,
sawdust and solvents. Water conducts electricity.
 Prior to plugging or unplugging tools, be sure the power switch is turned to "OFF." And never
disconnect power by pulling on the cord.
 If working on a ladder or scaffolding, carefully set your power tools on a flat surface or in a bin
secured to the ladder itself.
 Remove rings, jewelry or loose clothing before operating a power tool.
 Wear personal protective equipment, such as face shields, safety goggles and disposable masks.
90
Work Safely with Power Tools
Don’t Let IT Happen to You
Chainsaw
Power Saw
91

Safe Use of Power Tools

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Safe Use of Power Tools

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Power tools

Safe Use of Power Tools

 Power tools can be hazardous when improperly used.

 Power tools include:

 Employees should be trained in the use of all tools - not just

The hazards include:

 Contact with the rotating wheel causing abrasion;

 Entanglement with rotating parts of motor and shaft;

 Back strain from carrying the machine while operating;

 Suitability - all tools should be suitable for the

 Inspection - all tools should be maintained in

 Training - all users of hand tools should be

The following general precautions should be observed by power tool users:

 Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets,

 Never remove a guard when a tool is in use

 Constant pressure switch

 Turn off the power when not in use;

 Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vice.

Failure to Ring Test

 perform sound- or ring-test

to ensure free from cracks /

 The tool should never be pointed at anybody.

 Tool operator was attempting

When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners, there are

To set up a jack, ensure:

 WHAT ARE THE ELECTRICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING POWER SAWS??

MISUSE AND IGNORANCE OF

 Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.

Power Tool Safety

 Employees using electric tools must be aware of

 Electrical service cords should be in good condition.

 Power switches must be off when

 An electrical shock is received when electrical

 You will get an electrical shock if a part of your

 Severity of the shock depends on:

 Most common shock-related injury.

 In the case of a fire involving electrical

Extension cords are approved for temporary use only. If

Power cords are doubly insulated and should be

UK 36,000 people advanced stage, 228,000 with

Workers can reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration

Regular Employees Checks:

Links to information on occupational vibration available

 Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent

Choose quality product made to a high standard

Particles and dust

Harmful light radiation –

Woodworking Nail gun use

What causes eye injuries?

 Work where significant

 Inspect for damage

 Hearing protection should be worn in all

Pay particular attention to Hygiene

Equipment Noise Level

 The hearing protection should be worn 100% of the

 Roll the plug between your fingers and insert while

Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug correctly inserted

 100% Wear Time - Provides predicted

 99% Wear Time - 5 minutes carelessness per

 90% Wear Time - You can no longer be sure of