The Rise and Rule of Mao Zedong
The Rise and Rule of Mao Zedong
The Rise and Rule of Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
{ IB 20th Century Topics
Referred to as Chairman Mao
Chinese communist revolutionary
guerrilla warfare strategist
author
political theorist
Widespread poverty
political appointments
Foreign countries had spheres of influence where
they dominated
Moved to City 1918 Quickly became a strong believer in
Communism and edited radical magazines, organized
trade unions, and started schools of his own.
Became one of the 50 founding members of the Chinese
Communist Party
Failed in his early attempts to be a leader in the Party and
Jiang Kai-Shek
1927 Northern
Expedition eliminate
Communist
This essentially starts
the war
Was a military retreat of Mao
and his Red army to avoid
Nationalist
Retreat to rural Northern
Areas
In these territories they gain
in a position of Power
After he would become leader
of Communist
The Long March 1934-1935
Mao Zedong- becomes leader of Chinese Communists during the
“Long March”
-advocated land reform & tax reform = gained peasant
support
Result: - peasants joined Communists
- many join Red Army (Communist
Army)
- could resist Nationalists
“[A] great many so-called intellectuals are
actually exceedingly unlearned . . . The
knowledge of workers and peasants is
sometimes greater than theirs.”
“Books cannot walk, and you can open and close
Japanese
1946-1949 Communist Victory
Chinese Civil War
continues after WWII
1945-1949
Communist
Mao Zedong- Red
Army Nationalist
Rural areas Northern Jiang Kai Shek-
supported
Promise land for all
Stronger Red Army won
Civil War -2 Chinas
1.Republic of China (Nationalist)- moves to Island
of Taiwan
-US support
their struggles
Gathering ideas from them
In January of 1958,
five-year plan
Planned to develop
agriculture and
industry
Attempt to modernize China
People were forced to grow grain and melt
metals down to produce steel
Given quotas to reach or they would get
punished
Lied about quotes and actually under
produced food
Led to widespread famine and death
Damaged Mao’s reputation
Great Leap?
Hoped to catch up to
England and surpass
America
Unproven and unscientific
nearly collapsed
Great Leap Backward
the country to spread his ideas and wipe out anyone who
tried to contradict him
He created an extremely effective propaganda campaign
were formed in
1966
The Red Guards
Red Guards were a
mass movement of
civilians, mostly
students and other
young people in China
were mobilized by Mao
Zedong in 1966 and
1967, during the
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution
Red Guards to attack the 'Four
Olds' of Chinese society (old
customs, old culture, old habits
and old ideas).
Old books and art were
destroyed,
museums were ransacked,
south
Sent 300,000 troops to fight for N Korea
Support of Foreign
Revolutions
1950 Signed Sino-Soviet Treaty of
Friendship and Alliance
US and USSR
Mao trusted respected Stalin
Relations
1953 Stalin Dies USSR under Khrushchev
starts De-Stalinization
China Losses Respect of USSR
Conflict over what form of communism to
spread
China Denounce USSR for Cuba
USSR denounce China for attacking India
1968-69 Border Crisis
Bad Relations Between USSR China
Shanghai Communiqué 1972 US and
Gulag - an empire of
slave labor camps filled
with poorly fed
"counter-
revolutionaries."
Mao’s Death Counts
Under Mao Murdered 40
million or more
million educated
professionals, and others
Mao’s End