General Mathematics

Objectives
• Represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-
wise functions

• Evaluate a function

• Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and

composition of functions

• Solve problems involving functions

Pre-Assessment
Your Pre-Assessment Test is posted in our Google
Classroom.
It should be submitted before 1:30Pm

It will not be recorded so answer as many as you can

and if you can’t solve it, don’t force yourself.
General Mathematics
LESSON 1: Representation of
Real-Life Situations Using
Functions, Including Piece-
wise Functions
Relations

vs
Functions
 RELATION FUNCTION
A rule that relates values A relation where each
from a set of values (called element in the domain is
the domain) to a second set related to only one value in
of values (called the range) the range by some rule

The elements of the domain The elements of the domain can

can be imagined as input to a be imagined as input to a
machine that applies a rule to machine that applies a rule so
those inputs to generate ONE that each input corresponds to
OR MORE outputs ONLY ONE output
INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT
AB 12
CD AB 12
34
CD 34

NOT A FUNCTION
One to many Many to one

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

AB 12 AB 12
CD 34 CD 34

One to one
Which of the following relations is a function?

f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)}
Which of the following relations is a function?

34
1 56
f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)} 2
g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)}
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
Which of the following relations is a function?
f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)} g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)} h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)}
 Which of the following graph is a function?
a b c

d e
 Which of the following graphs can be graphs of
a function?
a b c

d e
Which of the following relations is a function?

X +y=5
2

X+ y = 5
2

X + y -6 = 0
2 2
Which of the following relations is a function?

X +y=5
2

y=5–x 2

x= 2, y = 5 - 
2 2

=5–4
=
Which of the following relations is a function?

X+ y = 5 2

y =5-x
2
 

y=
x= 1, y =  
±
= ±
=
Which of the following relations is a function?

X + y -6 = 0
2 2

y =6-X
2 2

  y=
General Mathematics
Functions of Real-Life Situation
Give a function C that can represent the cost if buying
  x
meals if one meal costs P40.00?
General Mathematics
 Piecewise Function
The cost of cupcakes can be presented by the
piecewise function.
Let P = Cost of Cupcakes
C = number of pieces of cupcakes
 Piecewise Function
The SSG Organization plans to sell cupcakes to raise a
fund. A bakery
A bakery charges
charges them
them forfor
P15.00
P15.00 thethe first
first 100100
cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes they purchase up to
150 cupcakes the bakery reduces the price to P13.50 per
cupcake. After they purchased 150 cupcakes, the price
lower to P10.00 per cupcake. Write a function that models
this situation.
 Piecewise Function
The SSG Organization plans to sell cupcakes to raise a
fund. A bakery charges them P15.00 for the first 100
cupcakes.
After After the100
the first firstcupcakes
100 cupcakes they purchase
they purchase up to up to
150
150cupcakes
cupcakesthethebakery
bakeryreduces
reducesthe
theprice
pricetotoP13.50
P13.50per
per
cupcake. After they purchased 150 cupcakes, the price
cupcake
lower to P10.00 per cupcake. Write a function that models
this situation.
 Piecewise Function
The SSG Organization plans to sell cupcakes to raise a
fund. A bakery charges them P15.00 for the first 100
cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes they purchase up to
150 cupcakes the bakery reduces the price to P13.50 per
cupcake. After
After they
they purchased
purchased 150150 cupcakes,
cupcakes, thethe price
price lower
lower
to to P10.00
P10.00 per cupcake. Write a function that models
per cupcake
this situation.
 Piecewise Function
The cost of cupcakes can be presented by the
piecewise function.
Let P(C) = Cost of Cupcakes
C = number of pieces of cupcakes
 Piecewise Function
The SSG Organization plans to sell cupcakes to raise a
fund. A bakery charges them P15.00 for the first 100
cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes they purchase up to
150 cupcakes the bakery reduces the price to P13.50 per
cupcake. After they purchased 150 cupcakes, the price
lower to P10.00 per cupcake. Write a function that models
this situation.
 
15𝐶 , 0<𝐶 ≤ 100
{
𝑃 ( 𝐶 ) = 13.5𝐶 , 100<𝐶 ≤ 150
10 𝐶 , 𝐶 > 150
General Mathematics
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = [ 𝑥 ] +1 ; x=1.5
 

Example 1e
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = [ 𝑥 ] +1 ; x=1.5
 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=[ 1.5 ] +1

 

The value of [x] is the

largest integer that is 
less than or equal to x

Example 1e
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = [ 𝑥 ] +1 ; x=1.5
 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=[ 1.5 ] +1

 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=1+1
 

Example 1e
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = [ 𝑥 ] +1 ; x=1.5
 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=[ 1.5 ] +1

 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=1+1
 

𝑓 ( 1.5 )=2
 

Example 1e
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a
 

𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) =√ 𝑥+2.5 ; 𝑥=− 4
 

x ≥ 2.5}

Example 2
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a
 

𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) =√ 𝑥+2.5 ; 𝑥=− 4
𝑔 ( −4 )= √ (− 4)+ 2.5
 

𝑔 ( −4 )= √ − 1.5
 

Example 2
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 4 𝑥+ 1; 𝑓 (3 𝑥 − 1)
 

𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 )= 4 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 ) +1
 

𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 )=12 𝑥 − 4+1
 

𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 )=12 𝑥 −3
 

Example 3a
 LESSON 2:Evaluating
Function a

     
1. 2. 3.
     
General Mathematics
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Definition: SUM
DIFFERENCE
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

 
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Definition:
DIFFERENCE
PRODUCT
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

 
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Definition: PRODUC
T
QUOTIEN
T
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

 
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
 
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 +2 𝑔( 𝑥)= 𝑥 − 4   2

𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔:
 

   

 
¿ ( 𝑥+2 ) +( 𝑥¿¿ 2 − 4)¿
2
 
¿ 𝑥 +2 + 𝑥 − 4
2
 
¿ 𝑥 +𝑥− 2
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
 
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 +2 𝑔( 𝑥)= 𝑥 − 4   2

𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔:
 

 
 

 
¿ ( 𝑥+2 ) − ( 𝑥¿¿ 2 − 4) ¿
2
 
¿ 𝑥 +2 − 𝑥 + 4
 
¿ − 𝑥 2+ 𝑥 + 6
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
 
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 +2 𝑔( 𝑥)= 𝑥 − 4   2

𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡h𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔:
 

 
 

 
¿ ( 𝑥+2 ) ( 𝑥 ¿¿ 2 − 4 )¿
3 2
 
¿ 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 8
3 2
 
¿ 𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 − 8
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Composition of Function
Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by read as “ f
 

composed with g” is defined by The process of obtaining a composite

function is called function composition
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Composition of Function

Find: 1.) (𝑓◦𝑔)(𝑥) 1.) (𝑓◦ 𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

2.) (𝑔◦𝑓)(𝑥).
   
+5
  

 
¿ 54 𝑥+66 +5
 
¿ 54 𝑥 +71
LESSON 3:Operations on Function
Composition of Function

Find: 1.) (𝑓◦𝑔)(𝑥) 1.) (g◦ f)(𝑥)=g(f(𝑥))

   
− 11
   

2.) (𝑔◦𝑓)(𝑥).
 
¿ 54 𝑥 − 45 − 11
 
¿ 54 𝑥 − 56
General Mathematics
 LESSON 4:Problem Solving
involving a function
STEPS:
• IDENTIFY WHAT INFORMATION IS GIVEN
READ • IDENTIFY WHAT YOU ARE ASKED TO FIND
• CHOOSE A VARIABLE

• After defining the variable, find a word sentence to suggest an equation

PLAN for the number (s).
 LESSON 4:Problem Solving
involving a function
STEPS:
• familiarize yourself with the properties of equality- addition, subtraction,
SOLV multiplication and division
• PEMDAS
E

• Check that the conclusion agrees with the problem situation or satisfies
EXAMIN all conditions of the problems.
E
Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents 25
km, how many kilometers are represented by 7 cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

𝑓(𝑥) ∝ 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =k 𝑥
Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents 25
km, how many kilometers are represented by 7
cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

𝑓(𝑥1) =k 𝑥1
𝑓(𝑥1) =k (7)
Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents
25 km, how many kilometers are represented by 7 cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

𝑓(𝑥2) =k 𝑥2
25=k (1)
k= 25
Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents 25
km, how many kilometers are represented by 7
cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

𝑓(𝑥1) =k 𝑥1
𝑓(𝑥1) =k (7)
= 25(7)
= 175 km
Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents 25
km, how many kilometers are represented by 7
cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

   

𝑓(𝑥) =k 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥1) =k 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥2) =k 𝑥2

Example 1. The distance measured on a map, varies
directly with the actual distance. If 1 cm represents 25
km, how many kilometers are represented by 7
cm?
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be the actual distance.
𝑥 be the distance measured on a map representing the actual distance.

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ¿¿ 2) 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ¿¿ 1)
 

= ¿¿
𝑓 (𝑥¿¿1)(1)=¿¿
25(7)
   

𝑥2 𝑥1
25 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ¿¿ 1) 𝑓 ( 𝑥¿¿ 1)=175 ¿
   

= ¿
1 7
Example 5. Two years ago, Xenon was three times as old as her
nephew was then. In five years. Xenon will be only two times as
old as her nephew. How old is each?

Solution:
Let x be the age of Xenon now
Let y be the age of her nephew now

2 years ago present After 5 years

Xenon x-2 x x+5
Nephew y-2 y y+5
Example 5. Two years ago, Xenon was three times as old as her
nephew was then. In five years. Xenon will be only two times as
old as her nephew. How old is each?

Solution:
Let x be the age of Xenon now
Let y be the age of her nephew now

2 years ago present After 5 years

Xenon x-2 x x+5
Nephew y-2 y y+5

Equation 1. 𝑥−2=3 (𝑦−2) → 𝑥=3𝑦 – 4

Equation 2. 𝑥+5=2(𝑦+5) → 𝑥=2𝑦+5

3y - 4=2𝑦+5
Solution:
Let x be the age of Xenon now
Let y be the age of her nephew now

2 years ago present After 5 years

Xenon x-2 x x+5
Nephew y-2 y y+5

Equation 1. 𝑥−2=3 (𝑦−2) → 𝑥=3𝑦 – 4 → 𝑥 =3(9) – 4 = 23

Equation 2. 𝑥+5=2(𝑦+5) → 𝑥=2𝑦+5 → 𝑥 =2(9) +5 = 23

3y - 4=2𝑦+5

3y -2y = 5 + 4

y=9