Athletics Jumping

Event
Individual Sports
HIGH JUMP
What is High Jump
High jump, sport in athletics (track and
field) in which the athlete takes a
running jump to attain height. The
sport’s venue includes a level,
semicircular runway allowing an
approach run of at least 15 metres
(49.21 feet) from any angle within its
180° arc.
History
The first recorded high jump event took
place in Scotland in the 19th century. Early
jumpers used either an elaborate straight-
on approach or a scissors technique. In
later years, soon then after, the bar was
approached diagonally, and the jumper
threw first the inside leg and then the
other over the bar in a scissoring motion.
Around the turn of the 20th century,
techniques began to change, beginning
with the Irish-American Michael
Sweeney's Eastern cut-off. Sweeney raised
the world record to 1.97 m (6 ft 5 1⁄2 in) in
1895.
● Another American, M.F. Horine, developed an even more efficient technique, the Western roll.
In this style, the bar again is approached on a diagonal, but the inner leg is used for the take-
off, while the outer leg is thrust up to lead the body sideways over the bar.

● American and Russian jumpers held the playing field for the next four decades, and they
pioneered the evolution of the straddle technique. Straddle jumpers took off as in the Western
roll, but rotated their (belly-down) torso around the bar, obtaining the most economical
clearance up to that time.

● However, it would be a solitary innovator at Oregon State University, Dick Fosbury, who would
bring the high jump into the next century. Taking advantage of the raised, softer landing areas
by then in use, Fosbury added a new twist to the outmoded Eastern Cut-off. He directed
himself over the bar head and shoulders first, sliding over on his back and landing in a fashion
which would likely have broken his neck in the old.
● After he used this Fosbury flop to win the 1968 Olympic gold medal, the technique began to
spread around the world, and soon floppers were dominating international high jump
competitions.
TIPS
Practice your running technique.

Practice by running
towards a gymnastics
mat and behaving as if
there was a bar in front
of it.
 Prepare to run towards the mat.

Most jumpers only take about

10 strides before they jump
over the bar, so make sure
you’re at least ten paces away
from the mat to simulate this.
 Begin running

Do not accelerate or
decelerate. Maintain a
consistent speed so your
momentum is not lost.
 Jump towards the mat.

Push off into the air with

your non-dominant foot.
The non-dominant leg will
automatically be extended
as you jump and you'll
drive up your opposite
knee.
Knocking the bar off its supports
constitutes a failed attempt, and three
failures at a given height disqualify the
contestant from the competition. Each
jumper’s best leap is credited in the final
standings. In the case of ties, the winner is
the one with the fewest misses at the final
height, or in the whole competition, or
The only formal requirement
of the high jumper is that the
takeoff of the jump be from
one foot.
METHODS OF JUMPING

● Scissor
● Eastern cut- off
● Straddle
● Western Roll
● Fosbury Flop
SCISSOR TECHNIQUE
The first recorded high
jump operation was in
Scotland within the
1800’s. Early jumpers use
either a straight on
approach or scissor
technique.
Your aim is to jump as high as possible. Drive your lead
leg up with your knee past the horizontal line of the bar.
Once your lead leg is over, kick the other foot over the
bar. Land on your feet to complete the jump.
EASTERN CUT OFF TECHNIQUE
The technique is generally credited to
Michael Sweeney of the New York
Athletic Club, who used it in 1895 to set
a world record of 6 ft 5 5/8 inches (1.97
m).The style came to be called "eastern"
because of its origin on the US east
coast, after the invention of the rival
"western roll" style by George Horine on
the west coast (Stanford). Horine was in
fact the first to improve on Sweeney's
record, when he cleared 6 ft 7 inches
(2.01 m) in 1912.
WESTERN ROLL
Another American, George Horine,
developed an even more efficient
technique, the Western roll. In this style,
the bar again is approached on a diagonal,
but the inner leg is used for the take-off,
while the outer leg is thrust up to lead the
body sideways over the bar. Horine
increased the world standard to 2.01 m (6
ft 7 in) in 1912. His technique was
predominant through the Berlin Olympics
of 1936, in which the event was won by
Cornelius Johnson at 2.03 m (6 ft 7 3⁄4 in).
STRANDDLE TECHNIQUE
Unlike the scissors or flop style
of jump, where the jumper
approaches the bar so as to
take off from the outer foot, the
straddle jumper approaches
from the opposite side, so as to
take off from the inner foot.
FOSBURY FLOP
The Fosbury Flop is a style used
in the athletics event of high
jump. It was popularized and
perfected by American athlete
Dick Fosbury, whose gold
medal in the 1968 Summer
Olympics in Mexico City
brought it to the world's
attention.
Word Record

Men's: 2.45m (8ft 0.25 in)

Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) 1993

Women's: 2.09m (6ft 10.25 in)

Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria)
1987
LONG JUMP
What is long jump?
Long jump is athleticism that proof
of present is the tour the minimum
distance in the horizontal plane
from a jump after the race . Long
jump requires athletes to sprint
down a runway and jump off a
raised platform into a stretch of
sand or other mark area with the
aim of landing as far from starting
point as possible.
 Technique
There are five main components of the long jump: the
approach run, the last two strides, takeoff, action in the
air, and landing. Speed in the run-up, or approach, and a
high leap off the board are the fundamentals of success.
Because speed is such an important factor of the
approach.
Approach Run
The objective of the approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum
controlled speed at takeoff. The most important factor for the distance
travelled by an object is its velocity at takeoff – both the speed and angle. Elite
jumpers usually leave the ground at an angle of twenty degrees or less;
therefore, it is more beneficial for a jumper to focus on the speed component
of the jump.
The last two Strides
The objective of the last two strides is to prepare the body for takeoff while
conserving as much speed as possible.

The penultimate stride is longer than the last stride. The competitor begins to
lower his or her center of gravity to prepare the body for the vertical impulse.
The final stride is shorter because the body is beginning to raise the center of
gravity in preparation for takeoff.
Takeoff
This phase is one of the most technical parts of the long jump. Jumpers must
be conscious to place the foot flat on the ground, because jumping off either
the heels or the toes negatively affects the jump. Taking off from the board
heel-first has a braking effect, which decreases velocity and strains the joints.
Action in the air and landing
There are three major flight techniques for the long jump: the
hang, the sail, and the hitch-kick. Each technique is to combat the
forward rotation experienced from take-off but is basically down to
preference from the athlete. It is important to note that once the
body is airborne, there is nothing that the athlete can do to change
the direction they are traveling and consequently where they are
going to land in the pit.
Triple Jump
What is triple jump?
Triple jump sometimes referred to as the hop step and jump. It is a track and
field event, similar to the long jump. As a group, the two events are referred to
as the "horizontal jumps". The competitor runs down the track and performs
a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit.

According to IAAF rules, "the hop shall be made so that an athlete lands first on
the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the
other foot, from which, subsequently, the jump is performed.
Origin
The triple jump was a part of the inaugural modern Olympics in Athens,
although at the time it consisted of two hops on the same foot and then a
jump.In fact, the first modern Olympic champion, James Connolly, was a triple
jumper. Early Olympics also included the standing triple jump, although this
has since been removed from the Olympic program and is rarely performed
in competition today. The women's triple jump was introduced into the
Atlanta Olympics in 1996.

In Irish mythology the geal-ruith (triple jump), was an event contested in the
ancient Irish Tailteann Games as early as 1829 BC
TECHNIQUE
APPROACH

● The athletes sprint down a runaway to a takeoff mark,from which the

triple jump is measured
● In modern championship a strip of plasticine tape is attached to far edge
of the board
● There's 3 phases of triple jump the hop,phase, jump
- Hop ,begins with the athletes jumping from the take off board on one
leg,which for descriptive purposes, will be right leg.
- Phase, this leads to the step-phase mid-air position, with the right take off
leg trailing flexed at the knee, and the left leg now leading flexed at the
hip and knee.
- Jump is when the athlete utilizes the backward force from the left leg to
take off again. The jump phase is very similar to the long jump although
most athletes have lost too much speed by this time to manage a full
hitch kick, and mostly used is a hang or sail technique.
- Foul, when a jumper oversteps the takeoff mark, misses the pit entirely,
does not use the correct foot sequence throughout the phases, or does
not perform the attempt in the allotted amount of time (usually about 90
seconds). When a jumper "scratches," the seated official will raise a red
flag and the jumper who was "on deck," or up next, prepares to jump.
Rules
● Start the jump before the board.
● When jumping, the athlete must land on the same foot used to take-off
(Hop).
● During the second phase, the athlete must land on the opposing foot and
initiate the third phase of the jump.
● The athlete can land in the sand.
● The measured distance will be measured from the closest mark in the
sand to the take-off point.
World record holder
The current male and female world record holders are
Jonathan Edwards of Great Britain & N.I., with a jump of
18.29 m (60 ft 0 in),

and Inessa Kravets of Ukraine, with a jump of 15.50 m (50

ft 10 in). Both records were set during 1995 World
Championships in Gothenburg.
Pole Vault
What is Pole Vault?
an athletic event in which competitors attempt to vault over a high bar with
the end of an extremely long flexible pole held in the hands and used to give
extra spring.

All competitors have three attempts per height, although they can elect to
‘pass’, i.e. advance to a greater height despite not having cleared the current
one. Three consecutive failures at the same height, or combination of heights,
cause a competitor’s elimination.
Origin
The origins of modern vaulting can be traced
back to Germany in the 1850s, when the
sport was adopted by a gymnastic
association, and in the Lake District region of
England, where contests were held with ash
or hickory poles with iron spikes in the end.

The first recorded use of bamboo poles was

in 1857. The top vaulters started using steel
poles in the 1940s and flexible fibreglass, and
later carbon fibre, poles started to be widely
used in the late 1950s.
Technique
Although many techniques are used by
vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar,
the generally accepted technical model can
be broken down into several phases
The Approach
The approach consists of the
vaulter sprinting down the runway
in such a way as to achieve
maximum speed and correct take-
off position upon reaching the pit.
The pole is usually carried upright
to some degree at the beginning of
the approach, then gradually
lowered as the vaulter gets closer
to the pit.
The plant and take off
The plant and take off is initiated
typically three steps out from the
final step. Vaulters (usually) will count
their steps backwards from their
starting point to the box only
counting the steps taken on the left
foot (vice-versa for left-handers)
except for the second step from the
box, which is taken by the right foot.
The swing up
The swing and row simply
consists of the vaulter swinging
his trail leg forward and rowing,
pushing, his top arm down to the
hips, while trying to keep the trail
leg straight, once in a "U" shape
the left arm hugs the pole tight to
efficiently use the recoil within
the pole.
The turn
The turn is executed immediately
after or even during the end of the
rockback. As the name implies, the
vaulter turns 180° toward the pole
while extending the arms down past
the head and shoulders. Typically the
vaulter will begin to angle his body
toward the bar as the turn is
executed, although ideally the vaulter
will remain as vertical as possible.
The fly away
This phase mainly consists of the
vaulter pushing off of the pole and
releasing it so it falls away from the bar
and mats. As his body goes over and
around the bar, the vaulter is facing the
bar. Rotation of the body over the bar
occurs naturally, and the vaulter's main
concern is making sure that his arms,
face and any other appendages do not
knock the bar off as he goes over. The
vaulter should land near the middle of
the foam landing mats, or pits, face up.
How it works?
● Competitors vault over a 4.5-metre ● If competitors are tied on the
long horizontal bar by sprinting same height, the winner will
along a runway and jamming a
have had the fewest failures at
pole against a ‘stop board’ at the
that height. If competitors are
back of a recessed metal ‘box’ sited
centrally at the base of the
still tied, the winner will have
uprights. They seek to clear the had the fewest failures across
greatest height without knocking the entire competition.
the bar to the ground. Thereafter, a jump-off will
● All competitors have three decide the winner.
attempts per height, although they
can elect to ‘pass
World Record Holder
Armand "Mondo" Duplantis (born 10
November 1999) is an American-born
Swedish pole vaulter and the current
world record holder with a height of 6.18
metres. Duplantis won gold as a 15-year-
old in the boys' pole vault at the 2015
World Youth Championships and holds a
number of age group world bests. He won
the gold medal at the 2018 European
Championships with a height of 6.05
metres (a new under-20s world record),
and the silver medal at the 2019 World
Championships
World Record Holder
Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva
born 3 June 1982) is a Russian
former pole vaulter. She is a two-
time Olympic gold medalist (2004
and 2008), a three-time World
Champion (2005, 2007 and 2013),
the current world record holder in
the event, and is widely considered
the greatest female pole-vaulter of
all time.
FILIPINO RECORD
Long Jump
Henry Dagmil

Henry Dagmil is a Filipino long jumper. His

personal best jump is 7.99 metres, achieved
on June 7, 2008 in Los Angeles. He is a multi-
titled long jumper as well as short-distance
runner, having to compete in the Men's 4 ×
100 m as well.(South Cotabato)
High Jump
Tyler Ruiz
Triple Jump
Mark Harry Diones

Mark Harry Diones (born March 1, 1993 in

Libamnan) is a triple jumper from the
Philippines. In 2017 he won silver medals at
the Asian Championships and Southeast
Asian Games. He placed 12th at the 2018
Asian Games.

16.70 m (2017)
Pole Vault
Ernest Obienais a Filipino pole vaulter. Before
breaking the Asian Athletics Championships
record, he held the Philippine national record
in pole vaulting with a record of 5.55 meters
which he accomplished on April 29, 2016 at
the 78th Singapore Open Championships in
Kallang, Singapore.He later broke the Asian
Athletics Championships record with 5.71
meters on April 21, 2019 on its 23rd biennial
meet at Doha, Qatar which earned him the
coveted gold medal finish. He currently holds
the National Record which he broke in the
same event.
Pole vault technique
http://www.greatestsportingnation.com/content/pole-vaulting-technique
World athletics
https://www.worldathletics.org/disciplines/jumps/pole-vault
Triple Jump
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_jump
Athletics Jumping Event
https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/athletics---jumping-events
Top 10
https://www.pinoyathletics.info/top-10-sea-athletes-phi-track-and-field/
Long Jump
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_jump
High Jump
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_jump
Pinot Athletes
https://www.pinoyathletics.info/how-the-high-jump-evolved/
High Jump Technique
https://www.google.com/search?q=scissor+technique+high+jump&client=ms-android-xiaomi&hl=en&prmd=ivsn&sxsrf=ALeKk03
1KEEIdIByvJVMIE1UPUQAxKUU2A:1599948618799&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjw6NOI0eTrAhUShZQKHf
V1BFEQ_AUoAXoECBAQAQ&biw=360&bih=559&dpr=2#imgrc=3EoWzdNXNl4ujM
World Athletes
https://www.worldathletics.org/disciplines/jumps/pole-vault