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    Ethernet

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    balu54
    Ethernet was developed in the 1970s at Xerox PARC and standardized by Xerox, DEC, and Intel. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control policy, allowing multiple connections to share a single common medium. While Ethernet provides high scalability and availability at low cost, it has limitations in error detection and peak utilization. The presentation provides an overview of Ethernet technologies, frames, devices, applications, experiences, problems, and why it became so widely adopted.

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    Ethernet

    Uploaded by

    balu54
    908 views22 pages
    Ethernet was developed in the 1970s at Xerox PARC and standardized by Xerox, DEC, and Intel. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control policy, allowing multiple connections to share a single common medium. While Ethernet provides high scalability and availability at low cost, it has limitations in error detection and peak utilization. The presentation provides an overview of Ethernet technologies, frames, devices, applications, experiences, problems, and why it became so widely adopted.

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    Ethernet was developed in the 1970s at Xerox PARC and standardized by Xerox, DEC, and Intel. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control policy, allowing multiple connections to share a single common medium. While Ethernet provides high scalability and availability at low cost, it has limitations in error detection and peak utilization. The presentation provides an overview of Ethernet technologies, frames, devices, applications, experiences, problems, and why it became so widely adopted.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    908 views22 pages

    Ethernet

    Uploaded by

    balu54
    Ethernet was developed in the 1970s at Xerox PARC and standardized by Xerox, DEC, and Intel. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control policy, allowing multiple connections to share a single common medium. While Ethernet provides high scalability and availability at low cost, it has limitations in error detection and peak utilization. The presentation provides an overview of Ethernet technologies, frames, devices, applications, experiences, problems, and why it became so widely adopted.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    ETHERNET

    Under esteemed guidance of


    S.V Ravi Kumar B.Tech. Presented by:
    K.SRI GOPINATH
    (07X91A0441).
    K.VIJAY KUMAR
    (07X91A0462).
    K.V PRAVEEN KUMAR
    (07X91A0456).
    M.RAMANJANEYULU
    1
    (07X91A0430). 1
    OBJECTIVE
    Ethernet is a least expensive high speed LAN Alternative.
    Ethernet is supposed to be a single common medium with
    multiple connections. Roots in Aloha packet-radio network.
    Ethernet have high scalability and availability at low cost,
    but it is poor in error detection and peak utilization. It
    provides greater security, because the desktop user cannot
    spy on traffic addressed to other nodes. How it works on the
    principle of CSMA/CD.
    2
    INTRODUCTION
    ed by Bob Metcalfe and others at Xerox PARC in mid-1970s
     Developed by Bob Metcalfe and others at Xerox PARC in
    mid-1970s.
     Roots in Aloha packet-radio network Standardized by Xerox,
    DEC, and Intel.
     LAN standards define MAC and physical layer connectivity :

    -IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD - Ethernet) standard – originally


    2Mbps
    -IEEE 802.3u standard for 100Mbps Ethernet
    -IEEE 802.3z standard for 1,000Mbps Ethernet
    3
    CSMA/CD:

    Ethernet’s Media Access Control (MAC) policy

    CS = carrier sense.(Send only if medium is idle)

    MA = multiple access.

    CD = collision detection.
    (Stop sending immediately if collision is detected)

    4
    State Diagram for CSMA/CD

    Packet?
    No

    Sense Send Detect


    Carrier Collision

    Yes
    Discard
    Packet Jam channel
    attempts < 16 b=CalcBackoff();
    wait(b);
    attempts++;
    attempts == 16

    5
    Ethernet Technologies: 10Base2

    6
    10BaseT and 100BaseT
    • 10/100 Mbps rate
    • T stands for Twisted Pair
    • Hub(s) connected by twisted pair facilitate “star topology”
    - Distance of any node to hub must be < 100M

    7
    GIGABIT ETHERNET
     Gigabit Ethernet (1,000Mbps)
    - Compatible with lower speeds
    - Uses standard framing and CSMA/CD algorithm
    - Distances are severely limited
    - Typically used for backbones and inter-router connectivity
    - Becoming cost competitive

    8
    Ethernet Frames
     Preamble is a sequence of 7 bytes, each set to “10101010”
    - Used to synchronize receiver before actual data is sent
     Addresses
    -It is a fourty-eight byte uni cast address assigned to each
    adapter
    • example: 8:0:e4:b1:2
    • Each manufacturer gets their own address range

     Type field is a demultiplexing key used to determine which


    higher level protocol used to the frame.

    9
    TYPES OF FRAMES
    Mainly it contains two types those are
    • Ethernet II or DIX

    • IEEE 802.3 and 802.2

    10
    ETHERNET DEVICES
    • Repeater:
    Physical device that restores data and collision
    signals: a digital amplifier

    WEAK SIGNAL STRONG SIGNAL

    • Hub: Multi-port repeater + fault detection

    11
    • Bridge:
    Data link layer device connecting two or more
    collision domains. MAC multicasts are propagated
    throughout “extended LAN”.

    • Router:
    Network layer device. IP, IPX, AppleTalk. Does
    not propagate MAC multicasts.

    • Switch: Multi-port bridge with parallel paths.


    12
    Connect PC and LAPTOP via BSNL ETHERNET HUB:
    how to configure BSNL Broadband connection for desktop
    and Laptop using Dynamic IP, ADSL Modem and use dial-up
    screen to connect.
    Following is LAN Configuration
    IP Address : 192.168.1.2
    subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
    default gateway : 192.168.1.1
    preferred DNS server : 202.56.224.153
    alternate DNS server : 202.56.230.6
    13
    Applications
    Fast Ethernet is an enabling technology for connecting devices
    such as:
    – Digital Camcorders and VCRs
    – Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite audio/video
    – Cable TV and MMDS (microwave) set-top boxes
    – DVD Players
    – Video Games
    – Home Theater

    14
    – Musical synthesizers/samplers with MIDI and digital audio
    capabilities
    – Digital audio tape (DAT) recorders, mixers, hard-disk recorders,
    video editors
    – Digital Video (DV) applications (including security cameras)
    – Fixed and removable PC disk drives
    – PC-to-PC networking and PC peripheral component sharing
    – Printers for video and computer data
    – Scanner.

    15
    Experiences with Ethernet
    • Ethernets work best under light loads
    -Utilization over 30% is considered heavy
    - Network capacity is wasted by collisions
    • Most networks are limited to about 200 hosts
    -Specification allows for up to 1024 bits

    •Ethernet is inexpensive, fast and easy to maintenance.

    16
    Ethernet Problems

    • Ethernet’s peak utilization is low .


    • Peak output is worst with more hosts.
    •More collisions needed to identify single sender due to
    Smaller packet size
    • Collisions take longer to observe, more bandwidth is
    wasted.

    17
    Why did Ethernet Win?

    • There are lots of LAN protocols

    • low Price
    • High Performance
    •Ease of use

    18
    CONCLUSION
    Ethernet is a least expensive high speed LAN Alternative.
    Ethernet is supposed to be a single common medium with
    multiple connections. Has the technology has been evolving,
    Various Ethernet-based products are being developing. but it is
    poor in error detection and peak utilization even though ,It
    provides greater security.

    19
    References:

    www. Wikipedia.com

    www.bsnl.gov.in

    Data communication by “Thomasi”.

    20
    ANY
    QUER
    I S?

    21
    THANK YOU

    22

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