Bioinformatics For Health Care: By-Daniyal Jadhav PRN No - 19010143002

BIOINFORMATICS FOR HEALTH
CARE
By-
daniyal jadhav
Prn no- 19010143002.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Whether bioinformatics play an important role in developing the

healthcare and does it violates any legal provisions while doing so.
BIOINFORMATICS
Bioinformatics is the science of storing, retrieving and analysing large
amounts of biological information.
Bio information (biological information) is a range of physical or

biological characteristics of a person like facial features (picture),
finger prints, signature, eye retina and irises, voice patterns and hand
measurements identification for authentication purpose.
HISTORY OF BIOINFORMATICS
The term bioinformatics was first introduced in 1990s.
Originally, it dealt with the management and analysis of the data

pertaining to DNA, RNA and protein sequences.(determining the
amino acid sequence of proteins ) .
As the biological data is being produced at an unprecedented rate, its

management and interpretation invariably requires bioinformatics.
Thus, bioinformatics now includes many other types of biological data.
Gene expression profiles.
Protein structure.
Protein interactions.
Microarrays (DNA chips)- is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached

to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression
levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple
regions of a genome..etc
COMPONENTS OF BIOINFORMATICS.
Bioinformatics comprises three components.
Creation of databases.
Development of algorithms and statistics.
Analysis of data and interpretation.

APPLICATION OF
BIOINFORMATICS
APPLICATIONS OF BIOINFORMATICS:
The advent of bioinformatics has revolutionised the advancements in biological science. And
biotechnology is largely benefited by bioinformatics.
1. Identification of nucleotide sequences of functional genes.The basic building block of DNA is

the nucleotide.
2. Finding of sites that can be cut by restriction enzymes.
3. Designing of primer sequence for polymerase chain reaction
4. (rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA ).
5. Prediction of functional gene products.

applications of bioinformatics .
1. To trace the evolutionary trees of genes.
2. For the prediction of 3-dimensional structure of proteins.
3. Molecular modelling of biomolecules. (Studying the structural changes of bio molecules.a

molecule that is produced by a living organism).
4. Designing of drugs for medical treatment.
5. Handling of vast biological data which otherwise is not possible.
6. Development of models for the functioning various cells, tissues and organs.
The above list of applications however, may be treated as incomplete, since at present there is no
field in biological sciences that does not involve bioinformatics.
TOOLS OF BIOINFORMATICS
Major categories of Bioinformatics Tools :
There are both standard and customized products to meet the requirements of
particular projects. There are data-mining software that retrieve data from
genomic sequence databases and also visualisation tools to analyse and
retrieve information from proteomic databases. These can be classified as
homology and similarity tools, protein functional analysis tools, sequence
analysis tools and miscellaneous tools.
Everyday bioinformatics is done with sequence search programs like BLAST,

sequence analysis programs, like the EMBOSS and Staden packages,
structure prediction programs like THREADER or PHD or molecular
imaging/modelling programs like RasMol and WHATIF.
HEALTHCARE AND
BIOINFORMATICS
Drug design,
Drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications

based on the knowledge of a biological target.
Patient databases with genetic profiles, e.g. for cardiovascular diseases,

diabetes, cancer, etc. may play an important role in the future for
individual health care, by integrating personal genetic profile into
diagnosis, despite obvious ethical problems. The goal is to analyse a
patient’s individual genetic profile and compare it with a collection of
reference profiles and other related information. This may improve
individual diagnosis, prophylaxis, and therapy.
Vaccine creation,
The conventional approach to vaccine development is based on dissection of the

pathogen using biochemical, immunological and microbiological methods.
National health statistics and planning

Bioinformatics is involved in creating computer programs that can receive,
process and interpret data. Sources of these data include hospitals, public surveys,
and birth and death statistics. Accurate analysis of such a verse array of
information no doubt derives better relationships between cause and effect.
Bioinformatics makes available in shorter time adequate information to implement
appropriate health intervention methods. Bioinformatics also is used to simulate
and therefore predict the consequence of these interventions.
Gene therapy and Immunotherapy
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat

or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors
to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead
of using drugs or surgery.
Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune

system fight cancer. The immune system helps your body fight
infections and other diseases. It is made up of white blood cells and
organs and tissues of the lymph system. Immunotherapy is a type of
biological therapy.
MAJOR RISKS IN BIOINFORMATICS
Combining computer science and biology, the discipline of

bioinformatics provides the means to manipulate the information.
Through the Internet, this information can then be made accessible to

researchers around the world. Not surprisingly, bioinformatics presents
new issues under intellectual property laws, fresh concerns over legal
risk allocation and additional privacy challenges.
Companies must also seek to protect their developments -- whether software, biological models
or drugs -- and international intellectual property laws and then license these developments to
their strategic allies.
The intersection of information technology and life sciences also requires a bioinformatics
company to think carefully about the allocation of new legal risks.
For example,
To what extent might a bioinformatics product or service subject the company to liability for
effects on individuals' health?
Are there contractual means by which this liability should be allocated to a more suitable party?
BIOINFORMATICS IN INDIA
Studies have found that India will be a great potential star in biotechnology keeping in mind the factors like bio-
diversity, human resources, infrastructure facilities, and government initiatives.
Bioinformatics has emerged out of the inputs from several different areas such as biology, biochemistry, molecular
biology, bio statics, and information technology.
The requirements for such an activity make heavy and high demands on both the hardware and software capabilities.
This sector is the quickest growing field in the country. The vertical growth is because of the linkages between IT and
biotechnology, spurred by the Human Genome Project. There have already been many startups in Hyderabad, Bangalore,
Pune etc.
BODIES WHICH PLAY A PROACTIVE ROLE IN INDIA TO ENHANCE THE BIO-INFORMATICS.
Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) is playing a proactive role to enhance the
country’s competitiveness in Bio-informatics.
In India, major government organizations, such as Biotechnology Information System (BTIS) and
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) are promoting bioinformatics.
DBT had identified bioinformatics as an area of high priority during the 10 th plan period (2002-2007).
Government of India is also providing numerous tax incentives at par with IT to develop bioinformatics
sector.
India has combined its strength in biotechnology and IT to attract outsourcing contracts in bioinformatics
by building Bio-IT park.
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Researcher suggests that government should make certain legal resolution and should cover the
companies in the ambit of legal frame work so that their should be some contractual liability with the
owners and the companies while taking the data or for the privacy issues are concerned.
Also government should make a necessary legal regulations for testing the new designed drugs or
vaccines.
As per the research question researcher intended to find out that whether bioinformatics play an
important role in developing healthcare the answer is yes and while doing so it violates many legal
provisions as explained but as we can see the application of bioinformatics and it role in developing
our human race we can find that bioinformatics is an important tool and if at all infringement issues
are given the serious attention government should make necessary regulations .
REFERENCES
• Bioinformatics, Healthcare Informatics and Analytics: An Imperative for Improved Healthcare System, authors-
Jelili Oyelade,Jumoke Soyemi, Itunuoluwa Isewon ,Olawole Obembe ,International Journal of Applied Information
Systems (IJAIS) – ISSN : 2249-0868
• Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics: Collaborations on the Road to Genomic Medicine ? , VICTOR MAOJO,
CASIMIR A. KULIKOWSKI, https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/10/6/515/759749
• Legal issues in bioinformatics , Caroline McCubbin , HENRY STEWART PUBLICATIONS 1478-565X.
JOURNAL OF COMMERCIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY. VOL 9. NO 3. 249–265. MARCH 2003
• Bioinformatics for Healthcare Applications by Vinayak Majhi, Sudip Paul, Rachna Jain,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332762073_Bioinformatics_for_Healthcare_Applications?
enrichId=rgreq-1ebfa5fb33e62c234388ad33f4d7c432-
XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMzMjc2MjA3MztBUzo3NjcxMzkyODM3NTkxMDdAMTU1OTkxMT
Y2NjQzOQ==&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
• Ronald Evens and Kenneth Kaitin , The Evolution Of Biotechnology And Its Impact On Health Care ,The People-
to-People Health Foundation, Inc., HealthAffairs.org ,last visited on 22nd march 2020.
• Elkin P L Primer on Medical Genomics Part V: Bioinformatics Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78:57-64.
• http://dbtindia.gov.in/schemes-programmes/research-development/knowledge-generation-discovery-research-new-
tools-and-0,last visited on 22nd march 2020
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BIOINFORMATICS FOR HEALTH

Prn no- 19010143002.

Whether bioinformatics play an important role in developing the

Bio information (biological information) is a range of physical or

Originally, it dealt with the management and analysis of the data

As the biological data is being produced at an unprecedented rate, its

Gene expression profiles.

Microarrays (DNA chips)- is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached

Bioinformatics comprises three components.

Development of algorithms and statistics.

Analysis of data and interpretation.

1. Identification of nucleotide sequences of functional genes.The basic building block of DNA is

2. Finding of sites that can be cut by restriction enzymes.

3. Designing of primer sequence for polymerase chain reaction

4. (rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA ).

5. Prediction of functional gene products.

1. To trace the evolutionary trees of genes.

2. For the prediction of 3-dimensional structure of proteins.

3. Molecular modelling of biomolecules. (Studying the structural changes of bio molecules.a

4. Designing of drugs for medical treatment.

5. Handling of vast biological data which otherwise is not possible.

Everyday bioinformatics is done with sequence search programs like BLAST,

Drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications

Patient databases with genetic profiles, e.g. for cardiovascular diseases,

The conventional approach to vaccine development is based on dissection of the

National health statistics and planning

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune

Combining computer science and biology, the discipline of

Through the Internet, this information can then be made accessible to

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