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    Motivation 2

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    Amandeep Garai
    This document discusses several theories of motivation: 1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before moving on to other needs like esteem and self-actualization. 2) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe differing views of human motivation - Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees work as natural. 3) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory finds factors like achievement and recognition lead to job satisfaction while policy and salary only prevent dissatisfaction. 4) Contemporary theories include McClelland's three needs of achievement, power and affiliation as well as Adams' equity theory and Vroom's expectancy theory.

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    Motivation 2

    Uploaded by

    Amandeep Garai
    55 views22 pages
    This document discusses several theories of motivation: 1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before moving on to other needs like esteem and self-actualization. 2) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe differing views of human motivation - Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees work as natural. 3) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory finds factors like achievement and recognition lead to job satisfaction while policy and salary only prevent dissatisfaction. 4) Contemporary theories include McClelland's three needs of achievement, power and affiliation as well as Adams' equity theory and Vroom's expectancy theory.

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    This document discusses several theories of motivation: 1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before moving on to other needs like esteem and self-actualization. 2) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe differing views of human motivation - Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees work as natural. 3) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory finds factors like achievement and recognition lead to job satisfaction while policy and salary only prevent dissatisfaction. 4) Contemporary theories include McClelland's three needs of achievement, power and affiliation as well as Adams' equity theory and Vroom's expectancy theory.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views22 pages

    Motivation 2

    Uploaded by

    Amandeep Garai
    This document discusses several theories of motivation: 1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before moving on to other needs like esteem and self-actualization. 2) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe differing views of human motivation - Theory X sees people as inherently lazy while Theory Y sees work as natural. 3) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory finds factors like achievement and recognition lead to job satisfaction while policy and salary only prevent dissatisfaction. 4) Contemporary theories include McClelland's three needs of achievement, power and affiliation as well as Adams' equity theory and Vroom's expectancy theory.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    MOTIVATION

     “The willingness to exert


    high levels of effort to
    reach organizational goals,
    conditioned by the effort’s
    ability to satisfy some
    individual need”
    1
    The Motivation Process
    Unsatisfied
    Unsatisfied Need
    Need

    Tension
    Tension

    Drives
    Drives

    Search
    Search Behavior
    Behavior

    Satisfied
    Satisfied Need
    Need

    Reduction
    Reduction of
    of Tension
    Tension
    Early Theories of Motivation
    • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
    • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
    • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
    Early Theories of Motivation
    • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
    – 5 needs
    – motivate until substantially satisfied
    • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
    • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
    Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

    Self
    Actualization

    Esteem

    Social

    Safety

    Physiological
    Early Theories of Motivation
    • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
    • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
    – view of human nature
    • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
    Theory X and Theory Y

    Theory
    Theory XX Theory
    Theory YY

    Avoid
    Avoid Work
    Workis
    isNatural
    Natural
    Work
    Work

    Must
    Mustbe
    be Self-
    Self-
    Controlled
    Controlled Direction
    Direction

    Avoid
    Avoid Seek
    Seek
    Responsibility
    Responsibility Responsibility
    Responsibility

    Good
    GoodDecisions
    Decisions
    Seek
    SeekSecurity
    Security Widely
    WidelyDispersed
    Dispersed
    Early Theories of Motivation
    • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
    • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
    • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
    – satisfaction vs no satisfaction
    – dissatisfaction vs no dissatisfaction
    Contrasting Views of Satisfaction-
    Dissatisfaction
    Traditional View

    Satisfaction Dissatisfaction

    Herzberg’s View
    Motivators
    Satisfaction No Satisfaction

    Hygiene Factors
    No Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
    Motivation-Hygiene Theory

    Supervision
    Achievement Company Policy
    Recognition Supervisor
    Work Itself Relations
    Responsibility Working
    Advancement Conditions
    Growth Salary
    Peers
    Personal Life
    Subordinate
    Relations
    Status
    Extremely Security
    ExtremelySatisfied
    Satisfied
    Neutral
    Neutral
    Extremely
    ExtremelyDissatisfied
    Dissatisfied
    CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
    OF MOTIVATION
     McClelland - 3 needs Theory
     Adams - Equity Theory
     Vroom - Expectancy Theory

    11
    McClelland’s
    Three-Needs Theory
    • Need for Achievement (nAch)
    – Drive to excel, strive to succeed
    – Want personal responsibility, feedback and an
    intermediate amount of risk
    • Need for Power (nPow)
    – Desire to be influential
    – Best managers
    • Need for Affiliation (nAff)
    – Desire to be liked and accepted
    CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
    OF MOTIVATION

     McClelland - 3 needs Theory


     Adams - Equity Theory
     Vroom - Expectancy Theory

    13
    Equity Theory
    – People compare their job inputs-outputs
    ratio with relevant others
    – Adjust work motivation according to results
    Equity Theory Relationships
    PERCEIVED RATIO COMPARISON* EMPLOYEE’S ASSESSMENT

    Outcomes A Outcomes B
    Inputs A
    < Inputs B
    Inequity (under-rewarded)

    Outcomes A Outcomes B
    Inputs A = Inputs B
    Equity

    Outcomes A Outcomes B
    Inputs A
    > Inputs B
    Inequity (over-rewarded)
    Equity Theory Relationships

    You Comparison

    Outcomes A Outcomes B
    =
    Inputs A Inputs B
    Equity Theory Relationships

    You Comparison You Comparison

    2 4 2 4
    < =
    2 2 1 2
    Equity Theory

    Equity
    Equity Theory
    Theory

    Inputs
    Inputs Outcomes
    Outcomes

    Referents
    Referents

    Perceived
    Perceived Inequities
    Inequities May
    May Lead
    Lead To:
    To:

    Change
    Change Change
    Change New
    New
    Distort
    Distort Quit
    Quit
    Others
    Others Self
    Self Referent
    Referent
    CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
    OF MOTIVATION

    McClelland - 3 needs Theory


     Adams - Equity Theory
    Vroom - Expectancy Theory

    19
    Expectancy Theory
    • Individuals tend to act in certain ways based
    on the expectation that the act will be
    followed by a given outcome and the
    attractiveness of the outcome.
    • Focus is on the linkages:
    – Effort and Performance
    – Performance and Rewards
    – Attractiveness (Rewards and Individual Goals)
    Individual Simplified
    Effort
    A Expectancy
    Individual
    Performance Theory
    B

    Organizational
    Rewards

    C
    A = Effort-performance linkage
    B = Performance-reward linkage Individual
    Goals
    C = Attractiveness
    Contemporary Issues in Motivation
    • Motivating a Diverse Workforce
    – Requires flexibility
    – Employees have different needs and goals
    • Pay for Performance (rather than time)
    – Piece rate, profit sharing, bonuses ...
    • ESOPs
    – Employees become owners, need communication as
    well as stock
    • Minimum Wage Employees
    – Non-monetary incentives, praise, authority ...

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