HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Starter

Sort the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 into the grid so that they obey the row
and column headings.

Multiple of
Odd Even
3

Prime
5 2 3

Square 1 4 9

7 8 6
Factors of
168
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson
Objectives:

Developing
students will be The highest common factor (HCF)
able to write
numbers as of two numbers is the highest whole
products of their
prime factors. number which divides into both.
Secure students
will be able to The lowest common multiple (LCM)
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs of two numbers is the smallest
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
number that is a multiple of both.
Excelling students
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Example: Find the HCF and the LCM of 12 and 18

Objectives:

Developing Factors of 12: Factors of 18:

students will be
able to write
numbers as HCF = 6
products of their
prime factors.

Secure students 1 2 3 4 6 12 1 2 3 6 9 18
will be able to
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs
of numbers using Multiples of 12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120…
Venn diagrams.
Identify
Multiples of 18: 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144, the
162, 180…
Excelling students common factors
will be able to
answer worded LCM = 36
questions on HCF
Which is the
and LCM. highest? the
Identify
Which is the
common
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, lowest?
multiples
highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Your Turn

Objectives:

Developing Calculate the HCF and LCM of the following pairs of small
students will be numbers by listing factors and multiples.
able to write
numbers as
products of their 1. 8 and 10
prime factors. 2. 12 and 15
3. 16 and 24
Secure students
will be able to
4. 15 and 18
calculate the HCF 5. 8 and 12
and LCM of pairs 6. 18 and 24
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
Challenge: Calculate the HCF and LCM of 12, 15 and 18.
Excelling students
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Answers
Objectives:

Developing Calculate the HCF and LCM of the following pairs of small
students will be numbers by listing factors and multiples.
able to write
numbers as
products of their 1. 8 and 10 HCF = 2, LCM = 40
prime factors. 2. 12 and 15 HCF = 3, LCM = 60
3. 16 and 24 HCF = 8, LCM = 48
Secure students
will be able to
4. 15 and 18 HCF = 3, LCM = 90
calculate the HCF 5. 8 and 12 HCF = 4, LCM = 24
and LCM of pairs 6. 18 and 24 HCF = 6, LCM = 72
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
Challenge: Calculate the HCF and LCM of 12, 15 and 18.
Excelling students HCF = 3, LCM = 360
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Prime Factor Trees

Objectives:

Developing 36
students will be
able to write
numbers as
products of their 3 12
prime factors.

Secure students
will be able to
4 3
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs
of numbers using 2 2
Venn diagrams.

Excelling students 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
will be able to
answer worded = 22 × 3 2
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Prime Factor Trees

Objectives:

Developing
2100
students will be
able to write
numbers as 30 70
products of their
prime factors.
5 10 7
Secure students 6
will be able to
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs
2 5
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
2 3
Excelling students
2100 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
= 2 2 × 3 × 52 × 7
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Express the numbers on the worksheet as products of their prime

factors.

• Reflect – what do you already know?

• Expect – what do you think the answer could be? Why?
• Check – show your working here!

Ask your teacher for the Challenge Task: Each of the numbers have
4 prime factors. Place each of the prime factors in the white boxes
around the larger numbers.
HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Answers
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Calculate the 24

Objectives: 18
HCF and LCM
Developing of 18 and 24. 2 12
2 9
students will be
able to write 6
2
numbers as 3 3
products of their
prime factors. 2 3
Secure students Factors Factors
will be able to of 18 of 24
calculate the HCF 3 2
and LCM of pairs
of numbers using
3 2 2 HCF = 2 x 3
Venn diagrams.
=6
Excelling students LCM = 3 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 2
will be able to = 72
answer worded Factors of both
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson We can use the factors of a number to find the HCF

Objectives:
and LCM of larger numbers.
Developing
students will be
Example: Find the HCF and the LCM of 84 and 294
able to write
numbers as
products of their 84 294
prime factors.
2 42 147
Secure students
will be able to 3 14 49
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs 7 2 7
of numbers using Think of a common
Venn diagrams.
factor and divide
Excelling students HCF = 2 x 3 x 7 = 42 both numbers by it
will be able to
answer worded LCM = 2 x 3 x 7 x 2 xRepeat until there are
7 = 588
questions on HCF no common factors
and LCM. greater than 1
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson We can use the factors of a number to find the HCF

Objectives:
and LCM of larger numbers.
Developing
students will be
Example: Find the HCF and the LCM of 96 and 72
able to write
numbers as
products of their 96 72
prime factors.
2 48 36
Secure students
will be able to 6 8 6
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs 2 4 3
of numbers using Think of a common
Venn diagrams.
factor and divide
Excelling students HCF = 2 x 6 x 2 = 24 both numbers by it
will be able to
answer worded LCM = 2 x 6 x 2 x 4 xRepeat until there are
3 = 288
questions on HCF no common factors
and LCM. greater than 1
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Your Turn

Objectives:

Developing Calculate the HCF and LCM of the following pairs of larger
students will be numbers using the ladder method.
able to write
numbers as
products of their 1. 48 and 60
prime factors. 2. 72 and 90
3. 81 and 108
Secure students
will be able to
4. 54 and 135
calculate the HCF 5. 112 and 168
and LCM of pairs 6. 104 and 156
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
Challenge: Calculate the HCF and LCM of 140, 168 and 196.
Excelling students
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson Answers
Objectives:

Developing Calculate the HCF and LCM of the following pairs of larger
students will be numbers using the ladder method.
able to write
numbers as
products of their 1. 48 and 60 HCF = 12, LCM = 240
prime factors. 2. 72 and 90 HCF = 18, LCM = 360
3. 81 and 108 HCF = 27, LCM = 324
Secure students
will be able to
4. 54 and 135 HCF = 27, LCM = 270
calculate the HCF 5. 112 and 168 HCF = 56, LCM = 336
and LCM of pairs 6. 104 and 156 HCF = 52, LCM = 312
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
Challenge: Calculate the HCF and LCM of 140, 168 and 196.
Excelling students HCF = 28, LCM = 5880
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…
HCF and LCM 5/11/20
 HCF and LCM 5/11/20

Lesson
Objectives:
1 question about
Developing
students will be today’s topic
able to write
numbers as
products of their
prime factors.

Secure students 2 things you

will be able to learnt today
calculate the HCF
and LCM of pairs
of numbers using
Venn diagrams.
3 things you knew already
Excelling students
will be able to
answer worded
questions on HCF
and LCM.
Keywords
Factor, prime number, tree, product, multiple, common, highest, lowest
Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53…