Introduction To Statistical Process Control
Introduction To Statistical Process Control
Introduction To Statistical Process Control
Process Control
Module 4
History of Statistical
Process Control
• Quality Control in Industry
– Shewhart and Bell Telephones
• Deming & Japan after WWII
• Use in Health Care & Public Health
The Run Chart
The Count
Day Cups of Coffee
Sunday 12
Monday 2
Tuesday 4
Wednesday 3
Thursday 5
Friday 4
Saturday 2
The Mean
4+7+8+2
4
The Median-Odd Numbers
• = the middle value in an ordered series of
numbers.
• To take the median of 1, 7, 3, 10, 19, 4, 8
• Order these numbers: 1,3,4,7,8,10,19
• The median is zth number up the series
where z=(k+1)/2 and k=number of
numbers.
• What is the median in this case?
The Median-Even k
• Order the numbers, i.e., 1,7,10,14,15, 17.
• Find the middle values, i.e., 10 and 14.
• Take the average between these two
values.
• What is the median?
The Proportion
You have these 10 values representing 10 people:
0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0.
N
Population Variance =
1
N
∑ (x - µ)
i
2
i=1
Population Standard N
∑ (x - µ)
√
Deviation = 1 2
i
N
i=1
025 .025
It’s Time to Dance
How do I estimate the standard deviation of the
means of repeated samples?
N
∑ (x - x)
√
1
S = 2
N-1 i
i=1
s
SE =
√ n
x- μ
Z=
SE
X = mean observed in your sample
μ = is the population mean you believe in.
Z = number of standard errors x is away from μ,
What is the
probability of
Area under curve observing a mean
is probability and at least as far
it adds up to one. away as zero (on
either side) as
1.96 standard
errors? 2.72?
.025 .025
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
25
120
Anatomy of the control chart: