Kinship, Marriage and The Household

Kinship, Marriage
and The
Household
KINSHI
Pof blood or marriage which binds people
The bond
together in group. (Ex. Family)
According to the Dictionary of Anthropology,

kinship system includes socially recognized
relationships based on supposed as well as actual
genealogical ties. These relationships are the
result of social interaction and recognized by
society.
Types of
Kinship
Affinal Kinship
Relationships based upon marriage or
cohabitation
between collaterals (people treated as the same
generation)
Consanguineous Kinship
Connections between people that are traced by
blood
Kinship by
Blood
Descent Systems
Kinship is reckoned in a number of different ways around
the world, resulting in a variety of types of descent
patterns and kin groups. Anthropologists frequently use
diagrams to illustrate kinship relationships to make them
more understandable.
In kinship diagrams, one individual is usually labeled
as ego. This is the person to whom all kinship
relationships are referred. In the case below on the
right, ego has a brother (Br), sister (Si), father (Fa),
and mother (Mo). Note also that ego is shown as
being gender nonspecific--that is, either male or
female.
Unilineal
Descent
This traces descent only through a single line of
ancestors, male or female. Both males and
females are members of a unilineal family, but
descent links are only recognized through
relatives of one gender. The two basic forms of
unilineal descent are referred to as patrilineal
and matrilineal.
Patrilineal
Descent
 Both males and females belong to their father's kin group
but not their mother's. However, only males pass on
their family identity to their children. A woman's children
are members of her husband's patrilineal line. The red
people in the diagram below are related to each other
patrilineally.
Matrilineal
Descent
 The form of unilinealdescent that follows a female line.
When using this pattern, individuals are relatives if they
can trace descent through females to the same female
ancestor. While both male and female children are
members of their mother's matrilineal descent group,
only daughters can pass on the family line to their
offspring. The green people below are related to each
other matrilineally.
Bilineal
Descent
 When both patrilineal and matrilineal descent principles are
combined
Kinship by
Marriage
Marriage is an institution that admits men and women to
family life.
Edward Westermarck
- defined marriage as the more or less durable connection

between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of
propagation till after the birth of offspring. Lowie defined it
as a relatively permanent bond between permissible
mates.
Malinowski
- defined marriage as a contract for the production
and maintenance of children. According to Lundberg
Marriage consists of the rules and regulations that
define the rights, duties and privileges of husband
and wife with respect to each other.

MONOGAMY
 Monogamy is the practice of having only one spouse at

one time. In some cases, monogamy means having only
one spouse for an entire life span. Out of the different
types of marriages, monogamy is the only one that is
legal in the United States and in most industrial nations.
 Social monogamy: Two persons/creatures that live
together, have sex with one another, and cooperate in
acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and
money.
MONOGAMY
 Sexual monogamy: Two persons/creatures that remain

sexually exclusive with one another and have no
outside sex partners.
 Genetic monogamy: Two partners that only have

offspring with one another.
 Marital monogamy: Marriages of only two people.
 Serial monogamy: A series of relationships. One person

has only one partner at a time, and then moves on to
another partner after severing the relationship with the
first.
Polygam
 y word meaning "The practice of multiple Marriage". It is a
is a Greek
marriage pattern in which an individual is married to more than one
person at a time.
Ex: Tiwi (North Australia)
Two different types of Polygamy:
 Polygyny is the practice of one man having more than one wife or
sexual partner at a time.
Ex: Mormonism
 Polyandry involves one woman having multiple husbands, within
Polyandry there are many variations on the marriage style.
fraternal polyandry (Ex: Tibet and Nepal)
secondary marriage (Ex: Northern Nigeria and Northern
4 Major Residence
 Pattern
Neolocal Residence is most common with North American
couples. This is where the couple finds their own house,
independent from all family members.
 Patrilocal Residence is most commonly used with herding

and farming societies.
It’s where the married couple lives with the husband’s
father ’s family. By living with the husband’s family, it lets
all the men, (the father, brothers, and sons) continue to
work together on the land.
Residence
Pattern
 Matrilocal Residence is most familiar among
horticultural groups. It’s where the couple moves to
live where the wife grew up; usually found with
matrilineal kinship systems.
 Avunculocal Residence is also related in matrilineal

societies however in this case the couple moves to live
with the husband’s mother ’s brother. They live with the
most significant man, his uncle, because it’s who they
will later inherit everything from.
Ritual
Kinship
Compadrazg
o Ritual kinship in the form of godparenthood
 Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her
baptism, confirmation, and marriage. The godparents
were then tied to the parents as coparents.
 Ideally co-parents should be a married couple; they
were preferred because their unions were typically
more stable and they were more likely to be able to
provide a home for the child should the need arise. In
most communities, however, there were not enough
couples to serve as godparents for all children, so
single women of good reputation were frequently
chosen. It was important that the person asked
should be of proper character and good standing in
the community.
Family and The
Household
Nuclear
 Family
A family consisting of a
married man & woman and
their biological children.
 The main issue for children
is to help them under-
stand that their two-
parent, heterosexual family
is a fine family, and is one
kind among many other
kinds of families
Extended
Family
 A family where
Grandparents or Aunts
and Uncles play major
roles in the children’s
upbringing. This may or
may not include those
relatives living with the
children. These family
members may be in
addition to the child’s
parents or instead of the
child’s parents.
Conditionally Separated
Families
 A family member is separated from the rest of the
family. This may be due to employment far away;
military service; incarceration; hospitalization. They
remain significant members of the family.
Transnational
family
 These families live in more than one country. They may
spend part of each year in their country of origin
returning to the U.S. on a regular basis. The child may
spend time being cared for by different family
members in each country
Politics of
Kinship
 Kinship politics is commonly found in tribal
societies across the world where kin genealogy is
applied to
determine the system of communal leadership. It
is the traditional pattern of bequeathing political
power family members.
 Kinship politics is built based on the classic
political principle: blood is thicker than water. It
asserts that
power should be distributed among family
members.
 For the sake of family security, power should not
be seized from those who have kinship
connections and must be circulated only among
those who are tied by
blood.
Political dynasties have long been present in
the Philippine political structure.
Political dynasties started emerging after the
Philippine Revolution when the First Republic
of the Philippines was established. Over the
years, newer dynasties emerged as some of
the initial ones became inactive. Majority of
the positions in the Philippine government are
currently held by members of political
dynasties. Notable Philippine political
dynasties include the Aquino and Marcos
families.
Thank
You!
Prepared by: Ms. Rizel A.

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Kinship, Marriage

According to the Dictionary of Anthropology,

- defined marriage as the more or less durable connection

- defined marriage as a contract for the production

and maintenance of children. According to Lundberg

Marriage consists of the rules and regulations that

define the rights, duties and privileges of husband

and wife with respect to each other.

 Monogamy is the practice of having only one spouse at

 Sexual monogamy: Two persons/creatures that remain

 Genetic monogamy: Two partners that only have

 Marital monogamy: Marriages of only two people.

 Serial monogamy: A series of relationships. One person

 Patrilocal Residence is most commonly used with herding

 Avunculocal Residence is also related in matrilineal

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