ACTIVITY 1

ONE LIKE, ONE STAR

INSTRUCTIONS
■Each group should like one star,
behind the star there is a symbol that
you are going to match with the
corresponding terms below.
SAMPLE MEAN
POPULATION MEAN
GREATER THAN
IS EQUAL TO
SAMPLE SIZE
ACTIVITY 2
 MECHANICS
■ Say Fact and illustrate a check mark using your hand when
the given statement is true and Bluff while showing an X
mark if the statement is false or just an opinion.
■ There will be 3 groups and each group will have a different
representative for each statements to answer.
■ The group with the most correct answer will be the winner.
■ The points will be recorded on the tally board.
 BLUFF
■All boys are more skillful
in Mathematics than
girls.
 BLUFF
■It’s more fun in the boracay
than in Marinduque.
 FACT
■Today there are more female
grade 11 students in YNHS
than Male.
 BLUFF
■The average monthly
allowance of Grade 11 is
P500.week
In Statistics, decision-making starts with a concern
about a population regarding its characteristics
denoted by parameter values. We might be
interested in the population parameter like the
mean or the proportion.
Examples:
■ What makes a farmer to decide when to plant corn crop?
Naturally, the decision will be based on a set of observations as to
when would be the best time of the year to plant the crop.
■ A fisherman looks into several factors before deciding to go out to
catch fish in the sea.
■ A local politician may want to know the probability that the voters will
approve an agenda on environmental awareness.

These concerns can be addressed in a procedure in Statistics called

hypothesis testing.
 TEST OF
HYPOTHESIS
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Hypothesis Testing
■ a decision-making process for evaluating
claims about a population based on the
characteristics of a sample coming from
that population. The decision is whether
the characteristic is acceptable or not.
 Hypothesis
■an assumption or inferential
statement about the
characteristics of the subject
under consideration.
Null hypothesis
■A statement that there is no
difference between a parameter and
specific value, or there is no
difference between two parameters.
Denoted by Ho
Alternative hypothesis
■ a statement that there is a difference
between a parameter and a specific
value, or that there is a difference
between two parameters.. It is the
opposite or negation of the null
hypothesis. Denoted by Ha or H1.
Hypothesis may be written in statement
form and mathematical form.
■ Suppose the two parameters of interest are denoted by 𝜇1 and 𝜇2 . If
there is no difference between the two values, the relationship is written
in symbol as:
𝝁𝟏 − 𝝁𝟐 = 𝟎

■ So the null hypothesis would be written in symbol as:

𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁𝟏 = 𝝁𝟐

■ When 𝜇1 is the population where the sample comes from and µ is the
population mean (the claim), then the null hypothesis may also be
written as:
𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝝁𝟏 and the alternative hypothesis is 𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝝁𝟏
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
CLAIM; The average monthly income of the Filipino
families who belong to low income bracket is P8000 .

Null Hypothesis H0 Alternative Hypothesis Ha

■ Statement form; ■ Statement form;
H0; the average monthly Ha; the average of monthly
income of Filipino families who income of Filipino families who
belong to low income bracket is belong to low income bracket is not
P8000. equal to P8000.

■ Mathematical Form; ■ Mathematical Form:

H0;(µ = 8000) Ha:( µ ≠ 8000)
EXAMPLE 2
CLAIM; The average number of hours it takes a ten-year-old
child to learn a certain task in a specific subject is less than
0.52 hour.

Null Hypothesis H0 Alternative Hypothesis Ha

■ Statement form; ■ Statement form;
H0; The average number of Ha; The average number of
hours that it takes a ten-year-old hours that it takes a ten-year-old
child to learn a certain task in a child to learn a certain task in a
specific subject is equal to 0.52 specific subject is less than 0.52
hour. hour.
■ Mathematical Form; ■ Mathematical Form:
H0;(µ = 0.52) Ha:( µ < 0.52)
 GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATIONS
OF HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
In problems that involve hypothesis testing,
there are words like greater, efficient,
improves, effective, increases and so on
that suggest a right tailed direction in the
formulation of the alternative hypothesis.
Words like decrease, less than, smaller and
the like suggest a left-tailed direction.
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes
the ≠ symbol, the test is said to be non-
directional.

A non – directional test is also called a

two-tailed test. A directional test may be
left- tailed or right – tailed.
Graphical representations of the two-
tailed test.

■ Non-directional (two-tailed)
- The probability is found on both tails of the distribution
Graphical representations of the one-
tailed test, left tail.

■ Directional (One-tailed, left tail)

- The probability is found at the left tail of the distribution
Graphical representations of the one-
tailed test, right tail.

■ Directional (One-tailed, right tail)

- The probability is found at the right tail of the distribution
Example 1: BOTTLED FRUIT JUICE
CONTENT
The owner of a factory that sells a particular bottled fruit juice claims that the average
capacity of a bottle of their product is 250 ml. is the claim true?
To test the claim, the members of a consumer group did the following:
1. Get a sample of 100 such bottles.
2. Calculate the capacity of each bottle.
3. Compare the sample mean and the claim.
The observed mean capacity 𝑋ത of the bottles is 243 ml. The sample standard deviation
is 10 ml.
a. State the null and alternative hypotheses in words and in symbols.
b. State whether the test is directional or non-directional.
ANSWERS
CLAIM : The capacity of all their bottled products is 250
ml per bottle.
Thus, the two hypothesis are:
■ Ho : The bottled drinks contain 250 ml per bottle.
■ (Ho :µ = 250)
■ H1 : The bottled drinks do not contain 250 ml per
bottle. (H1 : µ ≠ 250) or (H1 : µ < 250)
■ The test is directional; one-tailed, left tail.
EXAMPLE 1
CLAIM; The average monthly income of the Filipino
families who belong to low income bracket is P8000 .

Null Hypothesis H0 Alternative Hypothesis Ha

■ Statement form; ■ Statement form;
H0; the average monthly Ha; the average number of
income of Filipino families who monthly income of Filipino families
belong to low income bracket is who belong to low income bracket is
P8000. not equal to P8000.

■ Mathematical Form; ■ Mathematical Form:

H0;(µ = 8000) Ha:( µ ≠ 8000)
EXAMPLE 2
CLAIM; The average number of hours it takes a ten-year-old
child to learn a certain task in a specific subject is less than
0.52 hour.

Null Hypothesis H0 Alternative Hypothesis Ha

■ Statement form; ■ Statement form;
H0; The average number of Ha; The average number of
hours that it takes a ten-year-old hours that it takes a ten-year-old
child to learn a certain task in a child to learn a certain task in a
specific subject is equal to 0.52 specific subject is less than 0.52
hour. hour.
■ Mathematical Form; ■ Mathematical Form:
H0;(µ = 0.52) Ha:( µ < 0.52)
GROUP ACTIVITY
 GROUP ACTIVITY
■ GROUP 1 ■ GROUP 2 ■ GROUP 3
Statement 1 ■ Statement 2 ■ Statement 2
Claim: The ■ Claim: The ■ Claim: A farmer
average weekly average weight believes that using
allowance of loss for a sample organic fertilizers
senior high of people who on his plants will
school students exercise 30 yield greater
is greater than minutes per day income. His
1500 Php. for 6 weeks is average income
greater than 3.7 from the past was
kg. 200, 000.00 Php.
ANSWERS
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3
■ Directional test: ■ Directional test: ■ Directional test:
Directional - One- Directional - One- Directional - One-
tailed, right tail tailed, right tail tailed, right tail
■ Ha : The average ■ Ho : The average ■ Ha : The average
weekly allowance of the weight loss income of a
of senior high for a sample who farmer when
school students is exercise 30 using organic
greater than minutes per day fertilizers on his
P1500 for 6 weeks is plant is greater
■ In symbols: equal to 3.7 kg. than 200,000.00

(µ > 1500). ■ In symbols: (µ = ■ In symbols: (µ >

3.7kg) 200,000.00 Php)
APPLICATION
VIDEO
GENERALIZATION
■ What is hypothesis?
■ What are the two kinds of hypothesis?
■ What is the difference between null and
alternative hypothesis?
■ When do we use the non-directional or two
tailed test?
■ When do we use the directional or one-tail,
right/left tailed test?
EVALUATION
END 