Rigging & Lifting Awareness

Presented by : KASHIF IMRAN.
Safe Lifting Operations Awareness
2
Rigging & Lifting Awareness
The handling, setting and erection of

materials and equipment is a hazardous
occupation. Each operation presents its
own peculiar problems and no two jobs are
alike. With proper consideration taken,
each job can be performed free of bodily
harm to the employee and without damage
to the equipment.
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The person authorised and qualified to

do rigging must always pay close attention
to details. One careless moment or act can
result in serious injury or death and
tremendous property damage. Proper
rigging is an art and should never be left to
the inexperienced. If you don’t know how to
do it properly, then don’t attempt it.
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Persons performing rigging

tasks usually already have
two strikes against them
when they start!
1. Unfavorable Job conditions.
2. Job Schedule to meet.
5
Very rarely does the average worker on a

construction site get the opportunity to
actually pick the rigging. It is normally
purchased by a supervisor, the
Company Purchasing Department or it is
sent out from another project. This in
itself can create serious problems.
6
The rigging capacity and the material to be

lifted must match. Using too small
capacity rigging or components is just
asking for an accident to happen.
1. Who is responsible (competent
person or and end user) for the
rigging?
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2. Is the Equipment in Acceptable

Condition?
a. Appropriate Type?
b. Proper Identification?
C. Properly Inspected?
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3. Are the Working Load Limits

Adequate?
a. What is the weight of the load?
b. Where is the center of gravity?
c. What is the sling angle?
d. Will there be side loading?
e. Capacity of the gear?
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4. Will the Load be Under Control?

a. Tag Line available?
b. Is there any possibility of fouling?
c. Clear of Personnel?
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5. Are there any Unusual Loading or

Environmental Conditions?
a. Wind?
b. Temperature?
c. Surfaces?(Ice, Suction, Water)
d. Unstable Object(s)?
11
WARNING
• Can fail if damaged,
• Misused, or overloaded.
• Inspect before use
• Use only if trained.
• Observe rated capacity.
• DEATH or INJURY can occur from improper
• use or maintenance
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Crane
Operator
Rigger
13
Utilise Appropriate Rigging Gear Suitable

For Overhead Lifting.
Utilise The Rigging Gear Within Industry
Standards And The Manufacturers
Recommendations.
Conduct Regular Inspection And
Maintenance Of The Rigging Gear.
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Whenever any sling is used, the

following practices shall be
observed!
1. Slings that are damaged or defective
shall not be used.
2. Slings shall not be shortened with knots
or bolts or other makeshift devices.
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3. Sling legs shall not be kinked.

4. Slings shall not be loaded in excess of
their rated capacity.
5. Slings used in a Basket Hitch shall have
the load balanced to prevent slippage.
6. Slings shall be securely attached to the
load.
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7. Slings shall be padded or protected from

the sharp edges of their loads.
8. Suspended loads shall be kept free of
obstructions.
9. All employees shall be kept clear of
loads about to be lifted and of
suspended loads.
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10. Hands or fingers shall not be

placed between the sling and it’s
load while the sling is being
tightened around the load.
11. Shock loading is prohibited.
12. A sling shall not be pulled from
under a load when the load is
resting on the sling.
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INSPECTION
Each day before being used, the sling and all
fastenings and attachments shall be
inspected for damage and defects by a
competent person designated by the
employer. Additional inspections shall be
performed during sling use as often as
necessary to assure the safety of the
operation.
19
REPLACEMENT
Severe localized Abrasion or Scraping.
Ten Randomly Distributed Broken Wires in
one Rope Lay, or Five Broken Wires in One
Rope Strand in One Rope Lay.
Evidence of Heat Damage. (Cut with a
Torch)
20
REPLACEMENT
Kinking, Crushing, Birdcaging, or Any
Damage Resulting in Distortion of the Rope
Structure.
Damaged, Distorted or Field Welded Hooks.
Damaged or Worn End Attachments.
If In Doubt, Don’t Use It!
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Balanced – load equally distributed on each side of

the point of support.
Bridle sling – A sling composed of multiple legs
gathered in a fitting that goes over the lifting
hook.
Competent person – selected or assigned by the
employer as being qualified to perform a specific
job.
Factor of safety – ratio of breaking strength to the
force to be applied.
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All personnel involved in crane operations

must understand their responsibilities,
and their part in the overall safety of each lift!
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Part – 1 Use of Rigging/Lifting Accessories.

Part – 2 Crane Awareness.
Part – 3 Lifting Categories.
Part – 4 Performing Lifting Activities.
PART – 1
Use of Rigging/Lifting Accessories.
Click Here to Play Video

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Most accidents with lifting operations are

mainly due to faulty slinging, for example:-
 Load Not balanced
 Incorrect angle of slings
 Not connected to the load or hook correctly
 Wrong SWL of slings
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Marking of Accessories
 All lifting accessories must be clearly marked:
 to indicate the (SWL) safe working load
 and to identify the accessories as certified
 Colour code – is used in many industries to show
equipment within certification
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 When inspecting web or round slings check:-
 If splits and tears are excessive.
 Stitching close to eyes, or other places.
 Check the length of the slings.
 Check if it has been examined & in date.
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Man-made Fibre Slings

 Most common construction of man-made fibre sling
 flat webbing with soft eyes - multi-purpose
 endless round sling - multi purpose
 Polyester most commonly used although other

materials available e.g. Kevlar for heavy lifts
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Man-made Fibre Slings

 Damage to fibre slings
affects their strength
 Do not use slings if evidence of
 cuts/tears (sharp surface)
 burst stitching (overload or
incorrect use)
 fraying (chemical
degradation)
 burn marks (hot surface)
 NOTE: company policy varies on

use of these slings
 Check before use
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 Manufactures of
reputable slings now
mark them with
lines passing
through the whole
length of the slings.
 Each line represents

one tonne.
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 Packing must be used to prevent

damage to lifting accessories.
&
 To prevent damage to the load
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 Cloth, sacking, wood,
 wire rope sleeve protectors etc.
 Bricks or blocks are not suitable to

use for packing
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 Manufactures build in the factor of safety into

each fibre sling.
 7.1 (7 to 1) indicates that a one ton sling will

have a minimum breaking load of 7 tons with a
SWL of only 1 ton.
 A two ton web sling will have a minimum

breaking load of 14 ton. (7 into 14 = 2 tons)
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 The EN 1492 number

indicates that the sling
has a safety factor of :
 7 to 1.
 A sling with a BS 3481
identification mark
normally has a safety
factor of only :
 6 to 1
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 Wire slings have a Factor of Safety of

5.1
 Shackles unless otherwise stated

have a Factor of Safety of 5.1
 Some shackles have a 6.1 Factor of

Safety. (Crosby can provide)
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 Chain Blocks have a Factor of Safety

of 5.1
 Tirfurs unless otherwise stated have

a Factor of Safety of 5.1
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Chain Blocks
Two Fall Chain

Single Fall Chain Block – for heavy
Block loads
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Safety Hooks
 All hooks should be fitted
with safety catches unless
specifically designed
 Most common with safety
catch
 Closed latch preferred
on crane pendants
for increased security
and prevent hook
tip snagging
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 All hooks on a BSP work site must be of ‘safety hook’

type.Ie. They must have a mechanical latch:
Swivel Hook
Eye Hook
SAFETY
CATCH
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 Inspection:
 Check for WLL (readable and suitable)
 Check for wear and stress/fatigue cracks
 Ensure latch functions correctly
 Ensure latch does not remain open
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Shackles
 Two common shackles
are
 Bow also known as
anchor shackle
 Dee also known as
chain shackle
 Both available with

screw pin or safety pin
 Shackles normally made

from alloy materials to
a US spec.
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 When inspecting any shackle check:-
 The SWL and ID Number.
 Look for wear & tear. (Fatigue)
 Not twisted or kinked.
 The correct pin is fitted and threads ok.
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Shackles Rigging & Lifting Awareness
 Ensure load pin secure

 Always use suitable
safety pin
 Never overload
 allow for angle of use
 Never load out of line
 load to be central on
pin
 Always use correct pin -
not a bolt!
 Never use in manner that
may unscrew the pin
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Eye Bolts Rigging & Lifting Awareness
 Do not force hook into eye - use shackle to

accept hook and ensure hook fits freely
 Never reeve a sling through the eyes, links
or shackles - this will impose severe
resultant force
 Use a swivel or swivel hook when single eye
bolt is used to prevent unscrewing if load
rotates
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Hoist Rings
 Hoist rings are an option
over eye bolts
 Primary advantages
 hoist ring will swivel to
desired orientation
 no requirement for shims
 hoist ring will rotate to
suit angle of use
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Hoist Rings
 Safe use
 always use correct
bolt
 ensure flange in full
360 degree contact
with load surface
 ensure bolt is secured
in accordance with
correct torque given
by manufacturer
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 There are 2 main types of eye bolts available:-
 Collared eye bolts.

Can be used in pairs using 2 slings or more and
no spreader beam.
 Dynamo eye bolts.
Can ONLY be used to lift vertically in pairs or
otherwise. (banned for use in the oil industry)
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Eye Bolts
 Standard types
 collar (shoulder)
 collar with link
 Dynamo
 Hoist ring
 Application
 collar with link - general
purpose
 collar - as link but greater
reduction in SWL when
used at angle
 dynamo - suitable only for
 truly axial (vertical) load
 use of dynamo not
recommended
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Eye Bolts
 Use only certified eye bolts - check condition
 Ensure thread on load and eye bolt are
compatible and in good condition
 Hand tighten eye bolt to secure - do not use
Tommy bars, grips or wrenches
 If used in pairs the eye bolts must be in the
correct plane - use shims if necessary - do not
machine the collar or over tighten
 If moving the load with a crane consider slings
around load or transfer in basket
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Wire Rope Construction
 Strength of wire rope
dependent on
 Construction - core
 Tensile strength of wire -
180 grade standard;
crane ropes 200/210
grade or higher
 Diameter
 Core
 Slings - steel or fibre
 winches - normally
steel to prevent
crushing
 Flexibility - number
of wires per strand
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FSWR – Flexible Steel Wire Rope
Pre-use inspection:
1. Check ID. No. and SWL/WLL are present and readable.
2. Check for current colour code.
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FSWR – Flexible Steel Wire Rope

3. Check for signs of:
• Broken, damaged
wires
• Corrosion
• Crushed areas
• High stranding
• Underlying
• Birdcaging
• Kinks
• Bulges
• Gaps
• Core protrusions
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 When inspecting a wire rope sling :-
 If any broken wires are found on a wire sling

then it must be replaced.
 Removed from the work site
 Taken back to the rigging loft
 REPORTED and Do Not Use

 This will depend on company policy.
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Chain Slings
 Grade 80 chain is
normal standard
 Heavier than wire

rope but greater
resistance to corrosion
 Hard wearing
 Multi-leg slings can be used for loads with

offset centre of gravity when fitted with
shortening clutches
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Chain Slings
 Barrel chain sling
 check company policy
on use
 care to be taken as hooks
will release if not under
tension
 Never
 tie a knot in chain
 use twisted chain
 join chain unless approved
equipment
 weld the chain
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 When inspecting a wire rope sling:-

 Check SWL and ID number.
 Look for kinks in the wire or any broken wires.
 The number of broken wires are:-
5% broken wires in any 10 times the diameter. 5

wires in 100. (1 inch wire=10 inch length)
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Sling Configuration –
Multi-legs
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Sling Configurations – Multi-
legs
 Multi-leg sling assemblies to
have SWL marked with
maximum angle of use
 Example
 SWL 10 tonne 0 – 90 degrees
 Providing both legs are in use
the assembly can lift 10 tonne
either vertically and up to 90
degrees
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Marking of Accessories &

Equipment
 Equipment or accessories
where SWL varies according
to configuration must have
the information marked
thereon or readily available
 Cranes – possibly
marked externally;
information in cab
 Slings – not always
marked with varying
SWL but information to
be made available
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 May be found on the:-
 Tag on the Sling
 The Sling Certificate
 The Sling Register
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 SWL or WLL.
 3000kg.
 Serial Number
 3049440927.
 If you can not read

this information :
 DO NOT USE/Report
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Choking of Slings
SWL when choked =
20% reduction.
Applicable when
single or double
wrapped.
A B
Double wrapped Single wrapped
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Choking of Slings
Sling A
The 1st wrap of
the sling GRIPS
the load and the
2nd Wrap LIFTS
the load.
Sling B A B
Only LIFTS the
load Double wrapped Single wrapped
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 1 tonne sling reduced by 20% =

800kg.
 2 tonne sling reduced by 20% = 1.6

tonnes
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 The manufacture
advises that the
reduction of any
choked sling will be :
 20%
 Some companies
insist on a reduction
of :
 50%
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Handling of Tubulars
 Slings to be positioned approximately 25% of total
length from either end and must be double wrapped
and choked
 To allow for choke and increased tension due to angle

each sling to have a SWL equal to the gross weight of
the load (This is normal)
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Principle of Lifting with Slings
1 Tonne WLL
If a 1 Tonne WLL sling is used to lift a direct
load. The maximum load will be 1 Tonne
1 Tonne Factor = 1 x WLL = Max Load
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1 Tonne 1 Tonne
WLL WLL
If two 1 Tonne WLL slings are used to lift a
direct load. The maximum load will be
double the WLL of the sling
2 Tonne
Factor = 2 x WLL = Max Load
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1 Tonne
WLL If a sling is used in a basket hitch, as long
as the slings are in the vertical position and
parallel. The maximum load will be double
the WLL of the sling
Factor = 2 x WLL = Max Load
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If a choke hitch (reeve & choke) is used
then a stress point is produced at the
choke.
To allow for the stress point on a round load
1 Tonne a factor of 0.75 is used
WLL
Therefore, If a 1 tonne WLL sling is used
then the calculation is as follows:
Max Load = Factor x WLL
0.75 T
= 0.75 x 1
= 0.75 Tonne
This is maximum load that can be lifted with
this sling
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If a choke hitch (reeve & choke) is used on a square load a stress

point is produced at the choke and also at all points where the sling
changes direction (the corners).
To allow for the stress points on a square
load a factor of 0.5 is used
1 Tonne Therefore, If a 1 tonne WLL sling is used
WLL then the calculation is as follows:
Max Load = Factor x WLL
= 0.5 x 1
0.5 T = 0.5 Tonne
This is maximum load that can be lifted with
this sling.
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Included Angled
Using Multiple Slings
When using two slings attached to a crane
hook and the load, the slings are no longer
vertical but at an angle
To determine the tension in the slings for
varying angles a standard chart of angle
factors are available:
300 – 1.93
450 – 1.85
600 – 1.73 2 Tonne
900 – 1.41
1200 – 1.00
As the Angle increases the Tension Increases
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Using Multiple Slings 600

Consider now a combination of angle factor,
reeve factor, and loads
2.9 T
Example, if the mass of the round load is
known determine the WLL of the slings:
Minimum WLL of Sling = Load/Angle Factor/Reeve Factor

= 2.9/1.73/0.75
= 2.24 Tonnes
Therefore, each sling would need to have a minimum WLL of

2.24T. This would be the case for FSWR, Chain, or Synthetic
slings
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 Always use double wrap and choke for loose

bundles of steel or piping, eg scaffolding
450 for single wrap
600 for double wrap
83

450
Further examples – Square load
If the mass of the square load is

4.22.9
T T
Minimum WLL of Sling = Load/Angle Factor/Reeve
Factor
= 4.3/1.85/0.5
= 4.54 Tonnes
Note: That if it was a chain sling the Reeve

factor would be different, 0.75 instead of 0.5
84

Consider now a combination of angle factor,
600
reeve factor, and loads
Example, if the mass of the round load is
Minimum WLL of Sling = Load/Angle
2.9 T
Factor/Reeve Factor
= 2.9/1.73/0.75
= 2.24 Tonnes
Therefore, each sling would need to have a
minimum WLL of 2.24T. This would be the case
for FSWR, Chain, or Synthetic slings
85

Further examples – Square load 450
If the mass of the square load is
Minimum WLL of Sling = Load/Angle 4.22.9

T T
Factor/Reeve Factor
= 4.3/1.85/0.5
= 4.54 Tonnes
Note: That if it was a chain sling the Reeve

factor would be different, 0.75 instead of 0.5
86
Lifting Calculations Using Spreader Beams

When calculating the sling values with spreader beams you must
start from the load and work up
Therefore, first determine the minimum WLL of
the vertical slings
Minimum WLL = Load/ 2 Slings

600
= 6.3/2
= 3.15 T W = 950
kg
Each vertical sling must therefore
have a WLL greater than 3.15 T
Load = 6.3 T
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Lifting Calculations Using Spreader Beams

For the Slings off the hook the WLL is calculated as follows:
Minimum WLL = Total Load/ Angle factor

= (6.3 + 0.95)/1.73
= 7.25/1.73
= 4.2 T
600
The slings of the hook must therefore

have a WLL greater than 4.2 T
W = 950 kg
Load = 6.3 T
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Sling Angle Tension

4 Te 4 Te
90º
120º
151º
171º
8 Te
Tension in each leg =
At 0º Vertical = 4 Te in each Leg At 151º Angle = 16 Te in each leg

At 90º Angle = 5.6 Te in each leg At 171º Angle = 48 Te in each leg
At 120º Angle = 8 Te in each leg
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 Be aware of other forces acting
upon the load. Increased
angle
 As the included angle increases

the clamping effect of the slings
upon the load also increases. Increased
clamping
force
 If the load is fragile it could be
damaged/destroyed by the
forces imposed upon it.
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 If the leg length is twice that of the
distance between attachment points, 6 M long sling 300
the included angle will be 30 degrees.
3 M distance between
lifting points
>If the leg length is the same as the 600

distance between attachment points,
6 M long sling
the included angle will be 60 degrees.
6 M distance
between lifting
points
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900
 If the distance between 6 M long sling
attachment points is divided
by 1.44, the resulting sling
length will give an included 8.4 M distance
angle of 90 degrees. between lifting
points
 If the distance between
attachment points is divide by
1.66 , the resulting sling length
will give an included angle of 6 M long sling 1200
120 degrees
10 M distance between
lifting points
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Calculation 5 tons & 10 tons @ 0

degrees using 1&2 slings.
5T 10 T
Weight = 5T Weight in each leg = 5T

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Included Angled
When using two slings attached to a crane
hook and the load, the slings are no longer
vertical but at an angle
To determine the tension in the slings for
varying angles a standard chart of angle
factors are available:
300 – 1.93
450 – 1.85
600 – 1.73 2 Tonne
900 – 1.41
1200 – 1.00
As the Angle increases the Tension Increases
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Calculation 10 tons @ 120
degrees. Using 2 slings.
10 tons + 100% = 20 divide by 2 slings = 10.
Ans. = 2 x 10 ton slings.
Remember when using 2 slings @ 120. the SWL of the
slings required is the same as the weight to be lifted.
120º Max Angle
SWL 10t SWL 10t
5 tons weight 5 tons weight

+ 5 tons tension + 5 tons tension
10 Tons
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10 tonnes @ 90. 2 slings. = 10t + 40% = 14 divide by 2 = 7.

Ans. = 2 x 7 tonne slings.
Choked slings. Add 20% to sling selection. 7 + 20% = 8.4.
(7 x 2 = 1.4t. + 7t = 8.4t)
Round up to 9 tonne slings.
Maximum recommended
angle 90 degrees
10 tonnes
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Calculation at 10 tons @ 90
degrees. Using 2 slings
10 tons + 40% = 14 divide by 2 = 7 tons
Ans. = 2 x 7 ton slings.
Max recommended Angle 90°
SWL 7t SWL 7t
5 tons weight 5 tons weight

+ 2 tons tension +2 tons tension
10 ton
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 Measure the distance between the lifting points

and then select the same length for slings.
 For Example, Distance between lifting points is 4
meters, Then select 4 meter slings.
60 Degree Angle
4 m. 4 m.
4 m. Distance
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 When a load has to be estimated: -

 Add 25% to the estimated weight for sling
selection.
 For Example: -
 Estimated weight = 4 tons.
 Add 25% - 4 tons + 1 ton = 5 tons.
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 This is what can

happen if you single
wrap slings on
Tubulars!
 Always double wrap

Tubulars!
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Suitable training is essential for

persons engaged in lifting
operations to reduce the risk of
Accidents.
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Crane were Overloaded



Banksman Slinger Definition

 Slinger/load handler
 Person with a responsibility for attaching lifting
accessories to loads, hooking up pre-slung cargo
containers and other equipment to a crane.
 The number of slingers/load handlers will depend on
the load and will be considered in the lift plan.
 Banks-man/signalman
 Person with a responsibility for safely directing the
crane by hand or radio signals.
 Only one person should signal the crane
– unless giving an emergency stop!
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 Device with ability to lift or

lower a load such as cranes,
chain hoists, (manual and
powered), pull lifts , wire rope
hoists, fork lifts, beam trolleys,
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Definition of Lifting
Accessories
 A device used to connect a
load, either directly or
indirectly, to lifting equipment
such as wire rope slings,
man-made fibre slings,
shackles, chain slings, eye bolts,
hooks, turnbuckles/rigging
screws, plate clamps.
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Terminology
Cargo Carrying Units
 Cargo Container  Chemical Tank
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Terminology –
 Compactor Unit  20 ft Open Top Container
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Terminology – Cargo Carrying

Units
 20ft Open Top Container  Gas Cylinder Rack
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Terminology
 Half-Height Open Top Container
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Terminology
 Long Basket/Tool carrier
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Health and Safety at Work.

 Duties of the employer:
 Make the workplace safe without risks to health
 Keep dust fume and noise under control
 Ensure plant and machinery are safe and that safe systems
of work are set and followed
 Ensure articles and substances can be moved,
stored and used safely
 Provide information regarding health and safety,
instruction, training and supervision necessary for the
safety of personnel
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Health and Safety at Work

 Duties of the employees:
 Safety of yourself
 Safety of others
 Co-operate with your employer
 Report faults and defects
 Do not misuse anything provided in the
interest of health, safety and welfare
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 The following legislation has been adopted

throughout the majority of the oil and gas
industries.
 LOLER – Lifting Operations and Lifting

Equipment Regulations 1998.
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Strength and Stability

 Lifting equipment to have adequate stability for
its proposed use
 take into account any destabilising forces that may
adversely affect stability such as
 strength of surface on which equipment is
positioned
 size and nature of load - is the load
stable?
 installation movement
 wind conditions
25/11/2019 125
 Inspection is usually completed by the user or

operator.
 Examination is undertaken by a 3rd party

competent person every 6 or 12 months, after
any major repair or re-installation.
 Remember there is a difference between

Inspection & Examination.
25/11/2019 126
Thorough Examination
25/11/2019 127
 Inspection is completed by the user.
 Slings, shackles etc.
 Undertaken by the User
 Each time before use
25/11/2019 128
 Ifdefects are found:-

 Isolate Equipment.
 Label Accessories (Do Not Use)

and quarantine.
 Report all defects.
25/11/2019 129
 All records of examinations
 Must be kept for 2 years
25/11/2019 130
25/11/2019 131
Lifting Gear Color Code Identify Board – (during change-out period)
Lifting Gear Color Code Identify Board – (during other times)
25/11/2019 132
PART – 2
CRANE AWARNESS
25/11/2019 133
Click Here to play Video
25/11/2019 134
 Cranes, Forklifts etc. (Equipment) must be:-
 Inspected each time before use by the operator.

For undue wear and tear.
 Examined every 12 months by an 3rd party

competent inspector.
 Examined every 6 months by an 3rd party

competent inspector if it is to be used to lift
personnel.
25/11/2019 135
 All hooks fitted to a

crane, lorry loader or
any other lifting
appliance which is
fitted with a lifting
hook:-
 Must be fitted with a

safety catch to prevent
slings from slipping off
the hook.
25/11/2019 136
CRAWLER CRANE MOBILE CRANE
25/11/2019 137
CRAWLER CRANE
 Too much weight on the
hook of a crane at a
radius not approved, or
on a boom
configuration not rated
for the load can lead to
boom failure, outrigger
box failure or frame
collapse or other serious
consequences
25/11/2019 138
CRAWLER CRANE
CRAWLER CRANE  The crane has a fulcrum
point – in this case it is
the end or the side of
the track.
WHEELED CRANE
 The crane has a fulcrum
point – in this case it is
the wheels.
25/11/2019 139
WHEELED CRANE
 A load suspended on a
long boom is controlled
by a heavy force –
 This is the counterweight
which is behind the
fulcrum point. In the case
of a wheeled crane the
fulcrum is the outriggers
25/11/2019 140
TOWER CRANE
 A load suspended on
a long boom is
controlled by a heavy
force –
 This is the
Counterweight which
is behind the fulcrum
point. In this case the
fulcrum is the base of
the pedestal.
25/11/2019 141
MOST CRANES
 All cranes have a range

(operating envelope) in
which they operate.
 360 degree.
 270 degree.
 Over the front when on
Pick & Carry Duties.
25/11/2019 142
WHEELED CRANE
 It is obvious that the
smaller the bearing
surface of the
outriggers, the less
the crane will lift.
 The stability of the
crane and lifting
capacity will depend
on how the crane is
configured.
25/11/2019 143
FLY JIB EXTENSION
 Altering the length of the

boom by fitting a fly jib
(boom extension) will
considerable alter the
dynamics and the lifting
capacity of the crane.
25/11/2019 144
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
 Due to the many variations
that a crane may be
configured.
 Information must be
available for the crane
operator to set it up
correctly.
 The operator must fully
understand and use this
crane information and use
components to his / her
advantage.
25/11/2019 145
MOBILE CRANE
 Overloading can lead to

major structural failure
without warning!
 Increased radius affects the

stability of the crane (even
with a small load) where
the load will lift the crane
instead of the crane lifting
the load!
25/11/2019 146
 It is important that crane operators understand the structural

and stability elements of the crane.
 Crane operators must know all crane configurations which are

available and it is imperative operators understand how to set
up the crane in every available configuration.
 Crane operators must have an understanding of how the

dynamics of the crane are affected by the length and angles of
the boom including using the correct spread of the outriggers.
 Crane operators must know how to check and confirm that

the crane if configured correctly before operating.
25/11/2019 147
 If the crane operator does not

know all this information:-
 They should not be operating

cranes
25/11/2019 148
THE BOLD LINE
 Some crane load

charts highlight
structural and
stability areas with a
bold line. Above the
line = structural.
Below the line =
stability.
25/11/2019 149
RANGE DIAGRAMS
 Range diagrams show

us the height and radius
we can achieve with any
given boom
configuration together
with the weights
allowed at any given
position.
25/11/2019 150
INFORMATION
 SLI operating mode

 Length of Boom.
 Height of Boom.
 Angle of Boom.
 Maximum weight.
 Falls of wire.
 Actual weight below
the jib head.
25/11/2019 151
INFORMATION
 All crane operators
must know the
following:-
 How to set up.
 How to read.
 How to change
operating mode
 How to check the
accuracy of the SLI.
25/11/2019 152
 If a crane operator does not know and

understand how to use the Safe Load Indicator
completely:-
 He/She should NOT be operating cranes!
25/11/2019 153
25/11/2019 154
 Signals to the crane operator must

be:-
1. Seen and clearly understood by the

operator.
2. By the use of Hand Signals or Radio.

3. Verbal signals if using O/H crane.
25/11/2019 155
 When Giving signals to a crane operator:

 Each signal should be distinct & clear.
 By use of hand signals or radio.
 If the load cannot be kept in view of the
signaller when giving signal to the crane
operator – use additional signaller’s.
 Use the recommended hand signals only.
 Ensure crane operator and signaller agree code
of signals.
25/11/2019 156
PART – 3
Lifting Categories
25/11/2019 157
Cranes and Hoists

 Lifting operations for cranes and hoists shall be
categorized as
 Routine,
 Non-Routine
 Critical Lifts.
25/11/2019 158
Routine Lifts
 Routine lifts do not require a lift plan but must
have a documented Risk Assessment via an
ISSoW Permit. Additionally, a JSA or SOP
must be in place for routine lifts. At a
minimum, these documents must identify who
is to perform the lift, the necessary equipment
to perform the lift, the hazards, and the
methods needed to mitigate the identified
hazards. Routine lifts are to be conducted in
accordance with the applicable ISSoW Permit
/ Risk Assessment.
25/11/2019 159
Non-Routine Lifts
 Non-Routine Lifts require a higher level of

evaluation and planning prior to commencing
the lift operation. These lifts require a
documented Lift Plan be developed and
approved by a Competent Person prior to
conducting the lift. By default, Non-Routine
Lifts are considered Critical Lifts in UEP.
25/11/2019 160
Non-Routine Lifts
 UEP shall utilize the (Critical Lift Plan Checklist)

to ensure that appropriate risk management, lift
planning, and communications have been
conducted prior to beginning Non-Routine Lift
operations.
25/11/2019 161
Non-Routine Lifts
 Non-Routine Lift Plans will include the
following items at a minimum, required with an
applicable ISSoW Permit and JSA or SOP:
 Description of the lift.
 Size and Weight of the load .
 Crane’s Rated Capacity.
 Number and capacity of connecting and/or below the
hook lifting devices.
 Roles and Responsibilities.
25/11/2019 162
Critical Lifts
 UEP shall utilize the (Critical Lift Plan ) to ensure
that appropriate risk management, lift planning,
and communications have been conducted prior to
beginning Critical Lift operations. Schematic or
drawing of a critical lift plan may be used to
assist in visualizing the lift.
 By using the ‘Lifting Activity – Flow Chart’ (refer
to Figure 1), this will correctly categorize the type
of lift to be performed.
25/11/2019 163
Critical Lifts
 Critical Lift Plans will include the following items
as a minimum, required with an applicable ISSoW
Permit to Work, JSA, or SOP:
 Description of the lift.
 Lift Height.
 Boom Length and Angle.
 Load Radius.
 Size and Weight of the load.
 Crane’s Rated Capacity.
 Environmental Conditions.
 Communication Methods.
 Roles and Responsibilities.
25/11/2019 164
Lifting Activity Flow Chart

LIFTING ACTIVITY TO BE
PERFORMED
Critical Lift activities are when one or more of the following situations exist:
· Lifting in close vicinity / fall zone of live process lines or equipment or in close
proximity to high voltage overhead power lines, where failure/loss of control
could result in loss of life, loss of or damage to asset.
· A lift involving special high dollar items (>100,000 US $), major faility
components or hazardous material, such as tanks containing liquid nitrogen
or pressurized hydrocarbons.
· The lifting of personnel.
· Where personnel are required to work under a suspended load.
· All lifts exceedintg 75% of the rated capacity of cranes in a rigged condition.
· All lifts requiring use of more than one crane, simultaneously.
· All lifts of 20,000kg and above must have a critical lift plan.
ROUTINE CRITICAL
LIFTING ACTIVITY Is the LIFTING ACTIVITY
lifting activity defined
as a Routine Lift or a
Critical Lift?
Critical Lift Planning and Categorization:

Examples of 1) Is the Weight, Size and Shape of the load known?
ROUTINE LIFTING ACTIVITY: 2) Is the Center of Gravity (CoG) for the load and lift
· Single pipe lifts points known?
· Generator, Compressor, 3) Has the lift been performed on site, before?
Welding set loading/off- 4) Is this a normal/standard rigging arrangement?
loading 5) Are there designed and tested lifting padeyes or
· Material loading/off-loading similar, as provided by the Vendor (Yes or Not
Applicable)?
6) Are site conditions (ground, wind speed and
direction, weather etc.) suitable?
7) Is the proposed lift path free of obstruction?
ROUTINE CRITICAL Is the NON-ROUTINE CRITICAL

LIFTING ACTIVITY lifting activity LIFTING ACTIVITY
categorized as a
Routine Critical Lift
or a
Non-Routine
Critical Lift?
Lifting Control Requirements: Lifting Control Requirements: Lifting Control Requirements:

1) ISSoW Permit including documented RA 1) ISSoW Permit including Documented RA 1) OMAN-HES-209-001 – Critical Lift Plan
2) JSA or Standard Operating Procedure or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Checklist
(SOP) 2) OMAN-HES-209-001 – Critical Lift Plan 2) Method Statement, Engineered Drawings
3) Tool Box Talk Checklist, approved by a competent – lifting and rigging plans (developed by a
4) Performed by experienced personnel person prior to conducting the lift. Competent Person, approved by an Oxy
3) Tool Box Talk Supervisor, and documented prior to
4) Performed by experienced personnel conducting the lift).
2) ISSoW Permit including documented RA
or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
3) Tool Box Talk
4) Performed by experienced personnel
25/11/2019 165
Critical Lift Plan Requirement

 If any of the below condition are found a critical lift plan has to be
developed.
 A lift involving special high dollar items (100,000 US$),
 Lifting over facility components or hazardous material such as tanks
containing liquid nitrogen or pressurized hydrocarbons.
 The lifting of personnel.
 Where personnel are required to work under a suspended load.
 All lifts exceeding 75% of the rated capacity of cranes in a rigged
condition.
 Lifting within 1.5 fully extended boom lengths of energized power
lines.
 All lifts requiring use of more than one crane simultaneously.
 All lifts of 20,000kg and above must have a critical lift plan.
25/11/2019 166
167
Critical Lift Plan Example

Tandem Lifting
Lift Plan Example
25/11/2019 168
Critical Lift Plan Example

Side View Front View Side View
Lift Plan Example
25/11/2019 169
170
171
172
 All synthetic slings must be inspected prior to use
Damaged Twin Path Sling Frayed Sling Edge Frayed Sling Splice Damaged Sling Tag Damaged Twin Path Sling
Outer Cover Damage Cuts and Frayed Webbing Excessive Damage Damaged at the Triangle Round Sling Damage
Sewing Thread Abrasion

Edge Damage at Fitting
173
174
Personnel Lifting
 The use of a crane to hoist Employees or Contractors on a personnel
platform is prohibited, except when the erection, use, and dismantling
of conventional means of reaching the worksite, such as a ladder,
stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform, or scaffold, would be
more hazardous or is not possible because of structural design or
worksite conditions.
 Cranes must have following system to lift personnel
 Dual braking system.
 Hoisting limiter.
 Lowering limiter.
 Rated capacity indicator,
 Rated capacity limiter.
 Hook must have a positive lock safety catch.
 The crane selected for lifting the Man Basket must have passed a
Third Party Inspection, within the preceding 6 months.
25/11/2019 175
Equipment for Lifting Persons

 Equipment used for lifting persons
should be specifically designed for the
purpose
 Shall be marked accordingly
 Include necessary safety features
 prevent personnel from being crushed,
trapped, struck or from falling
 suitable devices to prevent carrier falling
 is such that a person trapped is not
exposed to danger and can be freed
25/11/2019 176
Documents Required For

Critical Lift Plan
 Critical Lift Plan Checklist.
 Method Statement.
 Lifting Sketches.
 Ground Barring Pressure.
 Crane Documents.
 Crane Operator Documents.
 Rigger / Banks man Documents.
 Lifting Supervisor Document.
 Lifting Accessories Certificates.
 JSA.
Note : Must be developed by a competent person and
approved by UEP lifting Coordinator
25/11/2019 177
PART – 4
How To Perform Lifting Operations
25/11/2019 178
Performing Lifting Activity

 For every lifting activity with in UEP
concessions the following procedure must
apply.
 When any lifting activity need to start for the

first time walk around the lift area to observe
any hazards that may be present.
 Conduct a pre lift toolbox talk with all crew

involve in the lifting operation.
25/11/2019 179

 Barricade to cover all crane radius lifting area.
 Place warning signs “Lifting In Progress“
 Remove all personnel who are not involved with

the lifting activity.
 Only authorized personal will be allowed in the

lifting area.
 Only Slinger will connect or disconnect rigging

from the crane or the load
25/11/2019 180

 Only Signal man/Banks man allow to give crane
signals.
 Any body can give the emergency stop

command.
 All personnel will use impact resistance gloves
and correct PPE ,Signal man /Banks man will
wear a high visibility vest.
 All Riggers, Banks man, Crane operator and

lifting accessories documentation needs to be
verify at site before commencing the lift.
25/11/2019 181

 All lifting accessories and equipment need to be
checked prior to job task commencing.
 All Personnel will sign on the permit, toolbox

talk sheet and JSA.
 Taglines need to be use with all crane lifts and

controlling by the appropriate personnel.
 The route of the load shall to be accessed prior

to starting the lifting activity.
25/11/2019 182

 After completion of the lifting activity conduct a
post toolbox talk to discuss any issues.
 After completion of the lifting operation check

all lifting equipment and accessories.
 Move all lifting accessories back to the rigging

lot/store.
 Move the crane from the lift area to a safe

location.
25/11/2019 183
1. When using a tag line:-
2. Never wrap the line around your hand.
3. Ensure it is the correct length.
4. If load goes out of control, let go of tag line.
25/11/2019 184
 All lifting equipment fitted and used with a

hook must be:-
 Fitted with a Safety Catch to prevent sling from
slipping off the hook.
 To control the load it is important that tag lines
are used when required.
 Tag lines must be made fast to the:-
LOAD ONLY. (NOT lifting accessories).
25/11/2019 185
1. Ensure the crane hook is above the centre of gravity

of the load.
2. Remember the C of G may not be in the centre of the

load.
3. To balance a load with an offset C of G it may be

necessary to use adjustable chains, different sling
lengths or use chain blocks to balance & level the
load.
25/11/2019 186
 Always ensure the

hook of the lifting
appliances is above
the Centre of Gravity
of the load before
lifting.
 This will ensure that
the load will not
‘Swing’ and expose
people to be injured
or worse!!
25/11/2019 187
 What you need to know

 Weight of the load
 Centre of Gravity
 Kind of load (Liquid or Solid)
 Lifting points / Pre slung / Free standing
 Where the load is being lifted / from / to
25/11/2019 188
 Consult the Lifting Plan
 This will include the size of the crane and

working Radius.
 How the load will be slung and lifted.
 Including proximity hazards etc.
25/11/2019 189
25/11/2019 190
1. To ensure the load is balanced
2. Slings are connected to the load correctly
3. Slings are connected to the hook correctly
4. Check the crane hoist brake is working

(Crane operator will check this)
25/11/2019 191
1. Ensure Load is
Balanced.
2. Slings are connected
correctly to the Load.
3. Slings are connected
correctly to the Hook.
The arrangement
opposite is incorrect
and MUST be re-
slung.
25/11/2019 192
Minimum Approach Distances

to Power Lines
25/11/2019 193
Minimum Approach Distances to

Power Lines
Voltage nominal, kV, Minimum Clearance Distance
alternating current (feet)
up to 50 10
Over 50 to 200 15
Over 200 to 350 20
Over 350 to 500 25
Over 500 to 750 35
Over 750 to 1,000 45
As established by the utility
owner/operator or registered professional
Over 1,000 engineer who is a Qualified Person with
respect to electrical power transmission
and distribution.
25/11/2019 194
Minimum Approach Distances

to Power Lines
 Safety Margin
 15 metres for
Steel Tower
cables on steel
towers
 9 metres for
cables on
wooden pole
Wooden Poles
25/11/2019 195
Cause?
Not wearing gloves
and not taking off
the ring.
Never Ever Walk Under a Suspended Load
25/11/2019 197
Never Ever Walk Under a Suspended Load
198
 Keep it Safe !
 Any Questions?
25/11/2019 199

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What are the main hazards involved in rigging and lifting operations?

What are the main hazards involved in rigging and lifting operations?

What precautions should be taken when rigging and lifting loads?

What precautions should be taken when rigging and lifting loads?

Presented by : KASHIF IMRAN.

Safe Lifting Operations Awareness

The handling, setting and erection of

The person authorised and qualified to

Persons performing rigging

Very rarely does the average worker on a

The rigging capacity and the material to be

2. Is the Equipment in Acceptable

3. Are the Working Load Limits

4. Will the Load be Under Control?

5. Are there any Unusual Loading or

Utilise Appropriate Rigging Gear Suitable

Whenever any sling is used, the

3. Sling legs shall not be kinked.

7. Slings shall be padded or protected from

10. Hands or fingers shall not be

Balanced – load equally distributed on each side of

All personnel involved in crane operations

Personal Protective Equipment

Part – 1 Use of Rigging/Lifting Accessories.

Click Here to Play Video

Most accidents with lifting operations are

 Load Not balanced

 Incorrect angle of slings

 Not connected to the load or hook correctly

 Wrong SWL of slings

 When inspecting web or round slings check:-

 If splits and tears are excessive.

 Stitching close to eyes, or other places.

 Check the length of the slings.

 Check if it has been examined & in date.

Man-made Fibre Slings

 Polyester most commonly used although other

Man-made Fibre Slings

 NOTE: company policy varies on

 Each line represents

 Packing must be used to prevent

 Cloth, sacking, wood,

 wire rope sleeve protectors etc.

 Bricks or blocks are not suitable to

 Manufactures build in the factor of safety into

 7.1 (7 to 1) indicates that a one ton sling will

 A two ton web sling will have a minimum

 The EN 1492 number

 Wire slings have a Factor of Safety of

 Shackles unless otherwise stated

 Some shackles have a 6.1 Factor of

 Chain Blocks have a Factor of Safety

 Tirfurs unless otherwise stated have

Two Fall Chain

 All hooks on a BSP work site must be of ‘safety hook’

 Both available with

 Shackles normally made

 When inspecting any shackle check:-

 The SWL and ID Number.