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National institute of technology
Jamshedpur
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MAJOR PROJECT
TITLE
‘STUDY ON VERTICAL TAKE OFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT’
TONY ABRAHAM VARUGHESE (2015UGME092)

SHYAM YADAV (2015UGME091)
UNDER GUIDANCE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR :- DR. VISHESH RANJAN KAR
ABSTRACT
• The purpose of choosing this project is because it
involves various concepts of mechanical
engineering (Design & Analysis, aerodynamics,
testing, fabrication).
• This project will help us to learn and explore the
field of vertical take off and landing for aircrafts
and merge the dynamics of an aircraft along with
that of an helicopter to produce multi purpose
VTOL aircraft.
• In the 21st century, unmanned drones are
becoming increasingly commonplace. Many of
these have VTOL capability, especially
the quadcopter type are very conventional.
INTRODUCTION
• A vertical take-off and
landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can
hover, off, land vertically.
• This technology can be used for surveillance
,search and rescue missions ,medical relief in
case of disasters.
• VTOL allows to take off and land vertically, to
hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and
laterally. These attributes allow the aircrafts to
be used in congested or isolated areas
where fixed-wing aircraft would usually not be
able to take off or land.
Objective
• To Design & Analyse Vertical Take Off & Landing of a
prototype aircraft and study tilt rotor concept .
• Designing of an RC air vehicle using a combination of

aerodynamic flight equations and CATIA software to
produce lift force of 20N through iterative refinement.
• Structural and Flow analysis of RC air vehicle prime
components.
• Devise a mechanism to house tilt rotor and its
actuation control.
• Fabricate and conduct flight test of VTOL air vehicle
to confirm design specifications.
I. Research Objective and Planning
II. Literature review
Theoretical dynamics
.
Procedure
• Shortlisting of various materials for builiding the
basic frame and the wings of the aircraft.
• Designing of basic frame, wings, stabilizers and
fuselage using CAD and analysing various
mechanical properties of the components.
• Fabricating the parts according to CAD specific
dimensions.(mentioned in the report).
• Assembly of the aircraft.
• Testing of aircraft (flight stability, durability, range
and functioning of main and auxiliary
components.
Understanding Flight concept
In a regular air plane
For Vertical Takeoff & Landing

MODELING OF AIRCRAFT
CENTRE OF GRAVITY POSITION
Bill of material
The specifications of the components used have been shown below:
Serial No. Part Name Specification Quantity

1) Motor 3
a) Throttle motor Brushless dc 2
motor (1500KV)
Weight: 116g
b) Servo motor 1
2) Battery 2200mAh 11.1V 3 cells
3) Transmittor 72MHz 1
4) Receiver 2.4GHz 1
5) Electronic speed 2
control
6) Material Depron
Wing- 90cm
Tail -45cm*18cm
7) Fuselage Length-65cm
Model of Aircraft
Top view Front view
Side view
CONCLUSION
Whilst a stable hover was not achieved during the course of the project, there were still
a number of significant achievements throughout the project. The first major task in this
project was the choice of which platform to base our design on.
To develop a realistic working model of the system, a full solid model of the frame and
components was constructed in Solid Works. The biggest constraint was keeping the
weight down enough to ensure thatthe thrust to weight ratio exceeded the chosen
minimum of 1.5:1.
Through the review of the mechanical system the components required to produce thrust,
namely the batteries, motors and propellers, were chosen and subsequently purchased.
These components, whilst expensive, have enormous potential for producing thrust.
The frame design was manufactured in the workshop and was assembled with all the
Chosen components. The frame displayed a high degree of robustness and
controllability, provided the control system were sufficiently tuned. As such makes a
solid control platform for future development.
Mathematical Modeling-This project intended to implement a state space controller
which required an accurate model of the system dynamics. The mathematical model of,
the aircraft whilst in hover was derived using force and moment balancing,
motor/propeller response properties and differential equations of motion. In order to design a controller
the
nonlinear terms were approximated as linear about their operation points.
Significant achievements were accomplished in the implementation of the control system, even though
the
control system itself was not sufficiently tuned.
REFERENCES
•Airfield Models (2005).
•http://www.airfieldmodels.com/informationsource/modelaircraftenginespropellers.html
•Bell Agusta (2005). http://www.bellagusta.com/pdf/ba609 2004.pdf.
•Boeing (2005). http://www.boeing.com/rotorcraft/military/v22
•Cazzolato, B. (2005a). 3 Degree of Freedom Hover Tutorial. The University of Adelaide.
•Cazzolato, B. (2005b). Advanced Automatic Control Lecture Notes. The University of
•Adelaide, Adelaide.
•Cazzolato, B. (2005c). Automatic Control II Lecture Notes. The University of Adelaide,
•Adelaide.
•Chapman, L. (2005). http://www.geocities.com/v22chap. Accessed 15/3/05.
•Dorf, R. and Bishop, R. (2001). Modern Control Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
•9th edition.
•Franklin, J. A. (2002). Dynamics, Control and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft.
•AIAA.
•Hamel, R. L. R. O. J., Tarek; Mahony (2002). Dynamic modelling and configuration
•Stabilization for an x4-flyer. IFAC 15th Triennial World Congress, Barcelona, Spain.
•Hansen, C. and Snyder, S. D. (1996). Active Control of Noise and Vibration. Spon Press.
•HazelProp (2005). http://www.hartzellprop.com/engineering/engineering faqs.htm.
•Accessed 19/9/05.
•ICARE (2005). Personal correspondence. 28/7/05.
•Jarrett, M., Ng, R., and Teske, T. (2004). Radio Controlled Vertical Take-Off
•https://blog.privatefly.com/vtol-the-aviation-future-is-vertical

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National institute of technology

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TONY ABRAHAM VARUGHESE (2015UGME092)

• Designing of an RC air vehicle using a combination of

For Vertical Takeoff & Landing

Serial No. Part Name Specification Quantity

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