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    SCC Tongue Anatomy and Others

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    Eunice Rivera
    This document summarizes key information about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, including its intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. It then discusses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of oral cancer, noting risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Premalignant conditions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are described. The document outlines clinical features, macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

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    SCC Tongue Anatomy and Others

    Uploaded by

    Eunice Rivera
    133 views21 pages
    This document summarizes key information about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, including its intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. It then discusses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of oral cancer, noting risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Premalignant conditions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are described. The document outlines clinical features, macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

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    This document summarizes key information about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, including its intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. It then discusses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of oral cancer, noting risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Premalignant conditions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are described. The document outlines clinical features, macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    133 views21 pages

    SCC Tongue Anatomy and Others

    Uploaded by

    Eunice Rivera
    This document summarizes key information about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, including its intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. It then discusses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of oral cancer, noting risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Premalignant conditions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are described. The document outlines clinical features, macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Anatomy of the Tongue

    Extrinsic Muscles
    • Genioglossus
    • Hyoglossus
    • Styloglossus
    • Palatoglossus
    Intrinsic Muscles
    • Longitudinal
    • Transverse
    • Vertical
    Innervation
    • Motor: Hypoglossal Nerve
    • Sensory: Lingual Nerve, Chorda Tympani, Glossopharyngeal Nerve
    • Blood supply: Lingual Artery
    • Drainage: Lingual Vein
    Lymphatic Drainage
    Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    • More than 90% of cancers in the oral cavity and oropharynx are squamous
    cell carcinomas
    • Ratio of Scc in Ant 2/3 to Post 1/3 is 4:1
    • In the earliest recognizable stage, squamous cell carcinoma appears as
    firm, pearly plaques or as irregular, roughened, or verrucous areas of
    mucosal thickening.
    • Scc of the tongue: 2nd most common
    • 66% of lingual carcinomas appear as painless, indurated masses or ulcers of
    the posterior lateral border of the tongue
    • Age of Presentation: 60 years old
    • Men>Women
    Incidence according to site
    • - MIDDLE 1/3 OF LATERAL BORDER OF TONGUE - 47%
    • POST 1/3 -20%
    • TIP - 15%
    • VENTRAL SURFACE & FRENULUM - 9%
    • DORSUM - 6.5%
    • FACIO - LINGUAL - 6%
    Etiology
    • No single causative agent(Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors)
    • Risk Factors:
    • Tobacco Smoking , Alcohol, Phenols, Radiation, Iron Deficiency, Vit A
    deficiency, Candidal Infection, Oncogenic viruses. Immunosuppression,
    Plummer Vinson syndrome
    • Risk of carcinoma Increases with amount of tobacco used and
    duration
    • Exposure to tobacco causes Progressive sequential morphologic
    changes of mucosa leading to neoplastic transformation
    Premalignant Conditions
    Definite Risk of Malignant changes:
    • Leucoplakia
    • Erythroplakia
    • Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
    Leukoplakia
    • White or grayish in patches
    that can't be wiped away
    • Irregular or flat-textured
    • Thickened or hardened in
    areas
    • Along with raised, red lesions
    (speckled leukoplakia or
    erythroplakia), which are
    more likely to show
    precancerous changes
    Erythroplakia
    • Any lesion of Oral mucosa that
    present with bright red velvety
    plaque that cannot be
    characterized clinically or
    pathologically with any other
    disease
    • erythroplakia has a much
    greater probability (91%) of
    showing signs of dysplasia or
    malignancy at the time of
    diagnosis
    Other Lesions
    • ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
    • SYPHILITIC GLOSSITIS
    • SIDEROPENIC DYSPLASIA
    • ORAL LICHEN PLANUS
    Clinical Features
    • Common presentation is painless lump or ulcer at the surface of the tongue
    • Excessive salivation
    • Pain- late sign
    • Due to involvement of nerves
    • Localized or referred to ear
    • On swallowing- Post 1/3 Ca
    • Dysarthria
    • Fetor oris
    • Bleeding
    • Trismus
    • Mandibular Anesthesia
    Macroscopic Features
    • Grossly, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity may have the
    following types:
    • Ulcerative type
    • Papillary or verrucous type
    • Nodular type
    • Scirrhous type
    • All these types appear on a background of leukoplakia or
    erythroplasia of the oral mucosa
    • Enlarged cervical lymph nodes may be present.
    Pathogenesis
    • NEOPLASIA:The process of transformation from a normal cell to a
    cancerous one.
    • An abnormality of cell growth and multiplication characterised by:
    At cellular level :
    • Excessive cellular proliferation
    • Uncoordinated growth
    • Tissue infiltration
    At molecular level :
    Disorder of growth regulatory genes
    Histopathological
    • Increased mitotic activity
    • Well differentiated Keratin pearls (abnormal keratinization)
    • Hyperchromatic nuclei
    • Pleomorphism
    • Epithelium islands
    • Connective tissue stroma with chronic inflammation (histiocytes,
    lymphocytes, etc.)

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