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    Retaining Walls Lecture

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    Wan Sya
    Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

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    Retaining Walls Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Wan Sya
    890 views23 pages
    Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

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    Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    890 views23 pages

    Retaining Walls Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Wan Sya
    Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

     

    Retaining Walls
    ÷ Walls built to resist the pressure of liquids,
    earth filling, sand or other granular materials
    filled behind it after it is built.
    ÷ commonly required in the construction of hill
    roads, dams, abutments and wing walls of
    bridges.
    ÷ Wall may be constructed of dry stone
    masonry, stone masonry,brick or concrete,
    depending on the type of material to be
    retained, site conditions and height of wall.
    àesign Principles
    ÷ Basically concerned with the lateral pressure of the retained
    soil and any subsoil water.

    ÷ àesigned to ensure that


    ÷ Overturning does not occur
    ÷ Sliding does not occur
    ÷ Soil on which wall rests is not overloaded
    ÷ Materials used in construction is not overloaded.
    ˜actors that can cause the collapse of retaining
    walls:

    ï Presence of water at rear of retaining wall which adds to the


    pressure exerted by soil.
    ï Soil on which wall rests is overloaded
    ï Materials used in construction are overloaded.
    ï Unsuitability of design of retaining wall

    Preventive measures that can be done:

    ï Water at rear of retaining wall need to be removed efficiently.


    ï Proper design of retaining wall is important so as to ensure
    soil and materials used are not overloaded
    ï Avoid any earthworks done on site where earth is retained.
    Mypes Of Retaining Walls

    ÷ Mass Retaining Wall


    ÷ Cantilever Retaining Wall
    ÷ Large toe
    ÷ Large heel
    ï Counterfort Retaining Wall
    ï Precast Retaining Wall
    °.Mass Retaining Wall

    ÷ Sometimes called gravity retaining wall


    ÷ Economic to height of °.8 m
    ÷ Can be constructed of semi engineering bricks or
    mass concrete
    ÷ Natural stone suitable for height up to ° m high but
    generally used as facing materials for walls ° m high
    and above
    àiagram of Mass Retaining Wall
    þ. Cantilever Retaining Wall
    ÷ þ forms ±
    ï Large heel - offers better resistance to overturning as
    base is projecting partly in front and partly behind the
    wall.
    ï large toe - design is adopted when it is not possible to
    excavate behind wall.
    ÷ Usually of reinforced concrete and works on the
    principle of leverage
    ÷ Has economic height range of °.þ m to 6 m
    àiagram of Cantilever Retaining Wall
    ÷ 
      ÷ 
    
    Ä. Counterfort Retaining Wall (also known as Buttress
    Retaining Wall)

    ÷ Can be constructed of reinforced and prestressed


    concrete
    ÷ Suitable for walls of height over 4.5 m
    ÷ Counterforts are triangular beams placed at suitable
    centres behind the stem and above the base
    ÷ Mermed as a  if the counterforts are placed in
    front exposed to view
    àiagram of Counterfort Retaining Wall.
    4. Precast Retaining Wall
    ÷ Manufactured from high grade precast concrete
    ÷ Erected as permanent retaining wall or free standing
    to act as dividing wall
    ÷ Advantages
    ï Reduction in construction time since curing
    period is eliminated
    ï Costly formwork can be eliminated
    ï Mime required to erect and dismantle formwork
    can be eliminated
    àiagram of Precast Retaining Wall
    °. Anda-Crib precast retaining wall
    þ. Marley precast retaining wall
    wmportance Of àrainage At Retaining Wall
    ÷ Necessary since water will
    cause pressure at rear of wall
    ÷ Water will reduce strength of
    soil
    ÷ Water will reduce frictional
    force between base and soil
    thus reduces strength of wall
    ÷ Mhere are þ methods of
    drainage
    ï subsoil drain behind wall
    ï Weep holes in wall and
    drainage channel at front
    of wall
    àrainage At Retaining Wall
    àrainage At Retaining Wall

    WEEP HOLES

    WEEP HOLES
    àRAwNAGE CHANNEL
    M 
    
      
    
     
    
    
    
    

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