By,

GROUP 6
Athira Ashok M
Jesil M J
Nithulya N
Shankar S
Sibitha K S
CLIMATE CHANGE
The speed of the current climate change is faster than most of the past events,
making it more difficult for human societies and the natural world to adapt.
GREENHOUSE GASES
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Halocarbons
 Earth’s average surface air temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C
(1.4 °F) since 1900
 Reduced Arctic sea ice extent and increased ocean heat content
 Atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40% from 1800 to 2012.
 Other greenhouse gases (notably methane and nitrous oxide) are also
increasing.
 increases in CO2 would be expected to lead to gradual warming of the
lower atmosphere (the troposphere) and cooling of higher levels of the
atmosphere (the stratosphere).
 global-average rise over the last two decades centred on 3.2 mm per
year
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
 CO2 dissolves in water to form a
weak acid, and the oceans have
absorbed about a third of the
CO2 resulting from human
activities, leading to a steady
decrease in ocean pH levels.
 Some marine organisms (such as
corals and some shellfish) have
shells composed of calcium
carbonate which dissolves more
readily in acid. As the acidity of
sea water increases, it becomes
more difficult for them to form or
maintain their shells.
No. Even if emissions of
greenhouse gases were to
suddenly stop, Earth’s surface
temperature would not cool and
return to the level in the pre-
industrial era for thousands of
years.
Global warming
Global warming

Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the earths near

surface air and oceans.

Due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from

pollution.
Green house effect

▶ The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s

surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere,
some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-
radiated by greenhouse gases.
• Greenhouse gases include water
vapour, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial
chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs).

• The absorbed energy warms the

atmosphere and the surface of the
Earth. This process maintains the Earth’s
temperature at around 33 degrees
Celsius warmer than it would otherwise
be, allowing life on Earth to exist.
Enhanced green house effect
Causes of global warming
▶ Emission of green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide etc into the atmosphere.
▶ The major source is carbon dioxide (80%)
▶ 20% by methane and nitrous oxide.
Carbon dioxide

▶ The major source of carbon dioxide is the powerplants.

▶ Burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation.
▶ About twenty percent of carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere
comes from burning of gasoline in the engines of the vehicles.
Methane
▶ Methane is more than 20 times as effectual as CO2 at entrapping
heat in the atmosphere
▶ Methane is obtained from resources such as rice paddies, bovine
flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel manufacture.
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that
contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile
derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly
known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common
representative is dichlorodifluoromethane
Distribution of greenhouse gases
Global land-ocean temperature index
Consequences
The effect of global warming is
 Increasing the average temperature of the earth.
 Alterations in the ecology, including an increase in the sea level and
modifying quantity and pattern of rainfall.
 Boost the occurrence and concentration of severe climate events, such as
floods, famines, heat waves, tornados, and twisters.
 Glacier melting, lesser summer stream flows, genus extinctions and rise in
the ranges of disease vectors.
 Various new diseases have emerged.
 The global warming is extending the distribution of mosquitoes due to the
increase in humidity levels and their frequent growth in warmer
atmosphere.
 Effects the marine life.
Loss of food
What can you do to help solve the
problem?
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

 Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

 Drive Less and Drive Smart

 Buy Energy-Efficient Products

 Turn “Off” the lights when not in use

 Plant a Tree

 Get a Report Card from Your Utility

Company

 Encourage Others to Conserve

CARBON
TRADING
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
• An United Nation- led international agreement
reached in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan under UNFCCC
• Put to force on February 2005.
• To address the problems of climate change and the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
OBJECTIVES OF THE KYOTO
PROTOCOL
• Commitment to move away from fossil fuel energy sources (oil, gas and
coal) to renewable sources of energy viz. hydro, wind, solar power by 38
signatory countries
• Commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2008-2012 to 5.2
percent below1990 levels.(legally binding protocol)
• Targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction were established for each
industrialized country. (Annex 1 countries)
• Developing countries (non-Annex 1 countries) including China and India
were asked to set voluntary targets for greenhouse gas emissions.
WHAT IS CARBON TRADING

CARBON
TRADING

CARBON CAP-TRADE PROGRAM CARBON OFFSETTING

• CAP- Assignment of an upper threshold limit on the amount of pollutant that can
be emitted (measured in Assigned Amount Units or AAUs) by a country.
• Emission permits or equivalent number of allowances or credits are issued to
emit a specific amount of carbon dioxide (cap) to the country. 1 credit= 1 ton of
carbon dioxide
• TRADE- the transfer or trade of allowances
• Excess or unused allowances/credits can be traded to the countries whose
emissions have exceeded their assigned cap.
• The purchased allowances can be used to increase the allowance limit by the
purchasing country.
Countries whose emissions are less than their assigned amount or the CAP can sell
or TRADE the excess amount to countries whose emissions have exceeded their
assigned amount.
CARBON OFFSETTING
• Offset Credits for eco-friendly technologies are purchased by
developed nations to avoid or substitute reduction in their own
emission.
• Investments in green technologies and harness alternative forms of
energy in the developing nations.
CARBON TRADING
IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS:
Emission Trading (ET)
• Countries whose emissions are less than their
assigned amount can sell the excess amount to
countries whose emissions have exceeded their
assigned amount
• The Assigned amounts can be defined as a
tradable allowances, or commodity, and this free
market is known as the “CARBON MARKET."
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Developed countries can fund emission reduction projects (e.g. Solar
energy, wind energy and other green technologies) in developing
nations that did not sign Kyoto Protocol.
• In exchange, the developed countries earn legally recognized emission
credits called CERs (Certified Emission Reduction) to offset their
emission obligations.
• Joint implementation (JI)
• Developed countries can implement emission reduction projects in
another developed or developing country and earn Emission Reduction
Units (ERUs)
• ERUs can be used to meet the carbon allowance or can be sold in the
market.
BENEFITS OF CARBON TRADING:
Reduction in green house gas emission
• Stringency in the cap or the upper threshold limit is contributing to lower emission over the
years

Source of revenue for developing nations

• Developing nations can earn revenue by selling carbon credits to countries with more fossil
fuel demand.

Supports a free market system

• The carbon trade market is without any economic intervention and regulation by government
except to regulate against force or fraud

Impetus for Alternative sources of energy or green technology

• Threshold limits encourages industries to harness alternative sources of energy and invest in
green technology globally or in indigenous research.
DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON
TRADING:
Right to pollute
 Industries in the ratified nations are purchasing legal rights to pollute the
atmosphere
Slow process
 Industries are opting the easy way– purchase more allowances than
implementing greener technologies
Lack of centralized system or global framework
 Absence of a centralized and accepted global standards/act are missing
No effective carbon reduction in the atmosphere
 Leads to carbon reduction in one place and results in carbon emission in
some other place
BUSINESS BEHIND
CLIMATE CHANGE
EVIDENT CHANGES AROUND US

• GLACIERS ARE MELTING AWAY WORLDWIDE.

• TREE RING DATA SHOW A WARMING TREND.
• ANIMAL AND PLANT LIFE IS CHANGING.
 • ALTERATION OF
SCIENCE CLIMATOLOGY ECONOMICS
• EARTH WARMED BY MORE  H &YDROLOGY WATER
RESOURCES.
THAN 0.6°C.
 AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY.
• FLUCTUATIONS IN WARMING • ECONOMIC COST OF
 TERRESTRIAL & FRESHWATER
AND COOLING, IN REPEATED CLIMATE CHANGE -0-3%
ECOSYSTEM.
CYCLES OR PATTERNS. OF GLOBAL GDP.
 COASTAL ZONES & MARINE
• ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ECOSYSTEMS • REASONS – RISE IN
CONCENTRATION [NOW]-  HUMAN HEALTH. TEMPERATURE, RISE IN
380 PPMV. BY 2050, • CANNOT BE ACCURATELY GREENHOUSE GAS
PREDICTION IS 500 PPMV. PREDICTED. CONCENTRATION.

• EACH DOUBLING OF GHG • MELTING OF ICECAPS & • “ POLLUTERS NEED NOT PAY
HAS RAISED EARTH’S GLACIERS, RISING SEA FOR THE DAMAGE THEY
EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE LEVELS. AND MORE VIOLENT CAUSE.”
BY ABOUT 3°C. BY 2100, AND FREQUENT
THIS MAY BE 5°C. EARTHQUAKES.
 POLICIES BUSINESS
• CLIMATE CHANGE INEXORABLY EFFECTS ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT.
• WE NEED MUTUALLY • CLIMATE CHANGES MAY BE SLOW, BUT ASSET PRICES CHANGE
CONSISTENT POLICIES. SHARPLY ON NEW POLICY ADOPTIONS.
• COST OF ABATEMENT • BUSINESS- AFFECTED BY BOTH CLIMATE CHANGE AND
SHOULD BE VERY CLOSE TO POLICIES.
THE VALUE OF DAMAGE AN
INDUSTRY HAS CAUSED.
• SECTORS PARTICULARLY LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED INCLUDE:
• UTILITIES;
• PRICE MECHANISM SHOULD
• INTEGRATED OIL AND GAS;
BE THE CENTRAL
• MINING AND METALS;
COMPONENT FOR POLICIES.
• INSURANCE;
• PHARMACEUTICALS;
• BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION;
NEGATIVE IMPACTS

• IMPACT ON SUPPLY CHAIN

• LACK OF CAPACITY
• DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
• LOST PRODUCTIVITY
• MASS MIGRATION AND SCARCITY THREATS
• CHANGING PRICES FOR GOODS AND SERVICES
• CHANGING DEMAND FOR GOODS
• CHANGING PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE FIRM
• CLIMATE FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY
• CLIMATE FOR LOSS AND EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
• CLIMATE IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
POSITIVE IMPACTS
 Is this a cost or an opportunity for
business?

• FIRMS HAS INCENTIVES TO DESIGN NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT HELP
SOCIETIES ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS.

• IN SHORT-RUN, UPFRONT INVESTMENTS ARE NECESSARY TO CATALYZE

INNOVATION. IN LONG-RUN, RESOURCES, EXPERTISE, AND BUSINESS ABILITY
CAN TURN CLIMATE ACTION INTO BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.
OPPORTUNITIES
RISE IN TEMPERATURE

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RANGE OF TECHNOLOGIES

• WIND
• SOLAR
• GEOTHERMAL
• BIO-ENERGY
• NUCLEAR
• CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE
• ELECTRIC VEHICLES
URBAN DEVELOPMENT

SERVICES & INVESTMENTS NEEDED IN

• URBAN PLANNING
• URBAN FORESTRY
• ROOFTOP GARDENS
• EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE

WATER SUPPLY & TREATMENT

DRAINAGE
HYDROPOWER
SHORELINE MANAGEMENT
WASTE/ WATER

FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS WHICH REQUIRE REDESIGNING FOR

WATER SAVINGS, WATER RECOVERY AND REUSE/RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES
AND SYSYEMS
CARBON SERVICES

SERVICE FOR PROJECT PREPARATION

PROJECT DEVELOPMET
MONITORING, REPORTING & VERIFICATION
FINANCIAL SERVICES
THANK YOU
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

INFOSYS
Group No. 06
Members:
 Athira Ashok m
 Jesil M J
 Nithulya N
 Shankar S
 Sibitha K S
About the company

• Infosys Limited (formerly Infosys Technologies Limited) is an

Indian multinational corporation that provides business
consulting, information technology and outsourcing services.
It has its headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

• Infosys is the second-largest Indian IT company by 2017

revenues
 • 11th year of reporting on sustainability (2017-18).
Sustainability Report • In 2014, Infosys became the 1st IT company in the
world to publish sustainability disclosures in
accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative’s G4
guidelines.
• Report highlights Infosys’s sustainable practices aimed
at
– Water consumption
– Wastewater management
– Carbon emission
– Renewable energy
– Green buildings
EDUCATION
HEALTH CARE
ART AND CULTURE
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
DESTITUTE CARE