Field Trip (Cone of Experience)

• Field trip is one of
the most concrete and

most realistic
educational procedures
• It is one of the oldest
method used even by
the Early Greek
teachers.
Definition
∞ An educational procedure by which the
first hand information
students obtain
by OBSERVING places, objects,
phenomena or activities and process in
their natural setting, to further learning’.
((Basavantappa))
Definition
∞ It provides an opportunity for observations
outside of the clinical setting in which
students are presently involved in practice.
Students gain experiences that are
generally not available in their own setting
to augment current knowledge and acquire
a broader perspective of health care
problem or issue under discussion.
(Oermann)
Purposes
• To provide real life
situations for first hand
information.
• To supplement classroom
instruction, to secure
definite information for a
specific lesson.
• To serve as a preview of a
lesson for gathering
instructional materials.
Purposes
• To verify previous information,
class discussion and conclusion
of individual experiments.
• To serve as a means of
arousing specific interest in
materials objects, places or
processes.
• To create teaching situations
for cultivating observation,
keenness and discovery.
• To serve as a means to develop
positive attitudes values, and
special skills.
Organization and
Procedure of Field
Trip
• Preplanning
• Actual conduct of the
Trip
• Evaluation
• Preplanning
–By teacher
–By students
•
Preplanning
By the teacher
• Decide on the trip.
• Know the resources.
• Obtain administrative sanction of
school/college.
• Dealings with the organization-obtain
permission, data and time, visit and
know the resources. Inform the
objectives.
• Arrange transport, time and date.
• Prepare the students with theoretical
base.
Preplanning
Teacher plans with the students
• Formulate objectives.
• List down specific information to
be obtained.
• Formulate questions to be asked
to the guide and prepare guide
sheet.
• If a large group, divide and allot
specific jobs.
• Brief them-equipments or
accessories needed, data and
time of transport, actual location,
set-up, conduct and behavior
during the trip, safety precautions
to be observed.
Actual Conduct of the trip
• Follow the schedule.
• Strictly follow safety
precautions.
• Observe and collect
information needed.
• Collect source/study
materials if provided.
• Teacher supervisors, and call
attention to the pertinent
points.
• Observe formalities and
extend courtesies.
Evaluation Phase
• Should be done as early as possible.
• Students write a report with the
observations, effectiveness of the
trip, and difficulties faced.
• Teacher evaluates the report of the
student.
• Teacher prepares an evaluation and
along with specific observations from
the students maintains a record
which can be referred later.
• Conducts discussion with the
students.
• Experiences of the student and
information obtained during the trip
should be carefully correlated and
integrated with the class subjects
and activities.
Organization and Procedure of Field Trip
The essential prerequisite to any successful field trip is a well
thought out plan.
• Knowledge: Teacher has to know whether the field trips
planned will contribute to the attainment of desired objectives.
• Rapport: The teacher should establish and maintain cordial
relations with those in charge of the situations to be visited.
• Objectives: Objectives should be stated carefully and
completely. The learning activities have to be selected and it
should contribute for the attainment of objectives. Time and
Transportation: Necessary arrangements have to be made with
the administrative personnel of the place to be visited regarding
the time, place of meeting and length of visit.
Organization and Procedure of Field Trip
The essential prerequisite to any successful field trip is
a well thought out plan.
• Preparation of the Students: students should
be given an opportunity to list cooperatively the
objectives for which the trip is planned. Directions to
be given on the procedure to be followed in an
observation and special points to note.
• Supervision: Trips should be supervised carefully.
The teacher can assist the student by calling
attention to pertinent point.
Values of the Field
Trip
• It breaks monotony of the
classroom and provides
real life experiences.
• It furnishes first hand
information to supplement
and to enrich the
classroom instruction.
• It provides opportunity in
learning attitudes and
positive values, i.e.
cooperation, discipline.
Values of the Field
Trip
• They correlate and blend
school life with the outside
world, providing direct touch
with persons and with
community situations.
• It provides opportunities in
learning and acquiring skills,
i.e. observation,
communication, critical
thinking and social skills.
• Students develop better
understanding of the etiologic
factors of a disease.
Values of the Field
Trip
• Field trips arouse interest and
vitalize instruction thereby
providing motivation, i.e. it
provides opportunity to have
above participations and gears
motivation.
• It helps to create situations
which in turn help to develop
observation and keenness.
• Offers an opportunity to apply
that which has been taught to
verify what has been learned.
Values of the Field
Trip
• They serve as an effective
means of correlating the
subjects of the curriculum.
• They provide opportunity
to consider and solve
problems arising from
individual and group
participation in a natural
situation.
Disadvantages of Field
Trips
1. Field Trip is time-
consuming.
2. Careful planning is
required.
3. Many parties to be
involved,
cooperation,
coordination of
various agencies
required.
4. Transportation may
be a problem.
Disadvantages of Field
Trips
5. Since the students are
going out of school/college
premises it is risky, safety
precaution is essential.
6. If the group is too large,
effective observation
becomes difficult.
7. Inability to schedule the
trip in time when the unit is
taught.
8. It involves cost, i.e.,
sometimes cost
involvement is more.
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• Field trip is one of

the most concrete and

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