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    Computing Capabilities of Mediators: Ramana Yerneni Chen Li Hector Garcia-Molina Jeffrey Ullman

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    intisar ibrahim
    This document discusses computing capabilities of mediators in a wrapper architecture. It describes how mediators can compute their capabilities based on the capabilities of the underlying data sources. Simple mediators perform basic operations like union and join views without post-processing. Advanced techniques allow mediators to do post-processing and pass attribute bindings between views. Dynamic mediators can have liberal templates whose answerability depends on the data state. The capabilities are represented concisely using an adornment graph and subsumption testing.

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    Computing Capabilities of Mediators: Ramana Yerneni Chen Li Hector Garcia-Molina Jeffrey Ullman

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    intisar ibrahim
    33 views28 pages
    This document discusses computing capabilities of mediators in a wrapper architecture. It describes how mediators can compute their capabilities based on the capabilities of the underlying data sources. Simple mediators perform basic operations like union and join views without post-processing. Advanced techniques allow mediators to do post-processing and pass attribute bindings between views. Dynamic mediators can have liberal templates whose answerability depends on the data state. The capabilities are represented concisely using an adornment graph and subsumption testing.

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    This document discusses computing capabilities of mediators in a wrapper architecture. It describes how mediators can compute their capabilities based on the capabilities of the underlying data sources. Simple mediators perform basic operations like union and join views without post-processing. Advanced techniques allow mediators to do post-processing and pass attribute bindings between views. Dynamic mediators can have liberal templates whose answerability depends on the data state. The capabilities are represented concisely using an adornment graph and subsumption testing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views28 pages

    Computing Capabilities of Mediators: Ramana Yerneni Chen Li Hector Garcia-Molina Jeffrey Ullman

    Uploaded by

    intisar ibrahim
    This document discusses computing capabilities of mediators in a wrapper architecture. It describes how mediators can compute their capabilities based on the capabilities of the underlying data sources. Simple mediators perform basic operations like union and join views without post-processing. Advanced techniques allow mediators to do post-processing and pass attribute bindings between views. Dynamic mediators can have liberal templates whose answerability depends on the data state. The capabilities are represented concisely using an adornment graph and subsumption testing.

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    of 28

    Computing Capabilities

    of Mediators
    Ramana Yerneni
    Chen Li
    Hector Garcia-Molina
    Jeffrey Ullman
    Wrapper Architecture
    User Query

    Mediator Catalog

    Wrapper Wrapper

    Data Source Data Source Data Source Data Source


    Scope

     Framework for expressing source


    capabilities
     Approach for computing mediator
    capabilities
     Extending mediator capabilities
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators
     Advanced techniques in mediators
     Dynamic mediators
     Concise capability description
    Capabilities of Data Sources

     Attribute Adornments:
    – Adornment f : for free
    – Adornment u: for unspecifiable
    – Adornment b: for bound
    – Adornment c[s] : for compulsory constant
    – Adornment o[s] : for optional constant
    Capabilities of Data Sources

    R ( x1, Y, Z ) R ( X, Y, Z )

    R(X Y Z) {b u f }
    R(X Y Z) {u b f }
    Exported Views

    Data Source
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators
     Advanced techniques in mediators
     Dynamic mediators
     Concise capability description
     Example
    Simple Mediators

     Simple Mediator Properties


    – No post processing
    – Performs joins blindly

     Union Views
    – Variable Adornments in Union View are
    computed from base view adornments
    – Mapping Function
    Simple Mediators

     Mapping Function:
    f o[s3] b c[s4] u
    f f o[s3] b c[s4] u
    o[s1] o[s1] o[s1Is3] c[s1] c[s1Is4] u
    b b c[s3] b c[s4] -
    c[s2] c[s2] c[s2Is3] c[s2] c[s2Is4] -
    u u u - - u
    Simple Mediators

     Union of two views


    – Example
    R(X, Y, Z) { b b u }

    Mediator Union View

    R(X, Y, Z) {b f u} R(X, Y, Z) {f b u}

    Data Data
    Source Source
    Simple Mediators
     Union of two base views with multiple
    templates
    – Cross product of two template sets
    – For each pair apply mapping function

     Union of multiple base views with multiple


    templates
    – Process two base views at a time
    – Repeat (n-1) times
    Simple Mediators

     Join Views
    – Non-join attribute adornments are copied as
    they are in join view
    – Join attributes are computed using mapping
    function
    R1R2(X, Y, Z) { b b u }
    Mediator Join View

    R1(X,Y) {b f } R2(Y,Z) {b u}

    Data Data
    Source Source
    Simple Mediators
     Selection Views
    – Pass the query to underlying data source as it is
    if it fits the template
    – Filter the results according to selection
    predicates

     Projection Views
    – Hidden attributes are left unspecified
    – Works only if hidden attribute adornments are
    f, u, o
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators

     Advanced techniques in mediators

     Dynamic mediators

     Concise capability description


    Advance Techniques in
    Mediators
     Union Views
    – Post processing
     Filter the input query to fit source views
     Post process the results to match user
    requirements
    – Union view adornments are computed
    using Mapping function
    Advance Techniques in
    Mediators
     Union View Example
    R(x1,y1,z1)

    R(X, Y, Z) { b u u } {bff}
    Mediator Union View

    R(x1,y1,Z) R(x1,Y,z1)

    R(X,Y,Z){b f u } R(X,Y,Z){b u f }

    Data Data
    Source Source
    Advance Techniques in
    Mediators

    f o[s3] b c[s4] u
    f f f b c[s4] f
    o[s1] f f b c[s4] b
    b b b b c[s4] b
    c[s2] c[s2] c[s2Is3] c[s2] c[s2Is4] c[s2]
    u f f b c[s4] f
    Advance Techniques in
    Mediators
     Join Views
    – Non-join attribute adornments are copied
    as they are
    – Passing join attribute bindings from left
    to right view
    – Join attribute adornments are computed
    using mapping function
    Advance Techniques in
    Mediators
     Join views: passing bindings
    R(x1,Z,V)

    R(X, Z, V) { b b f } { bff}
    Mediator Join View

    R(x1,Z) R(z1,V)

    R1(X,Z){b f } R2(Z,V){b f }

    Data Data
    Source Source
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators

     Advanced techniques in mediators

     Dynamic mediators

     Concise capability description


    Dynamic Mediators

     Liberal templates
    – Answerability depends on state of data in
    data source
    – Can’t be always answered
     Conservative templates
    – Can always be answered
    – Computed using techniques discussed in
    earlier slides
    Dynamic Mediators

     Liberal Template Example


    R(x1,Y,Z)

    R(X, Y, Z) { b c[s] f } { b f f }
    Mediator Join View

    R1(x1,Y) R(y1,Z)

    R1(X,Y){b f } R2(Y,Z){c[s] f }

    Data Data
    Source Source
    Dynamic Mediators

     Simple Mediators
     Mediators employing advanced
    techniques
    – Post Processing
    – Passing bindings
     Dynamic mediators
    – Liberal Templates
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators

     Advanced techniques in mediators

     Dynamic mediators

     Concise capability description


    Concise Capability
    Description
     Mediator view space is exponential
     k templates per view, n sources
    – View space will be kn
     Large number of templates are
    redundant
    – M1(b f b ) and M2(f f f ) :
    M2 is redundant
    Concise Capability
    Description
     Adornment Graph

    b O[s2]

    C[s1] u
    Concise Capability
    Description
     Subsumption test
    – Template T subsumes T1 iff
    Every attribute x in T1 is atleast as
    restrictive as T
     Subsumption test partitions the set of
    templates
     Select the template which subsumes
    all other templates in a partition
    Pathway

     Capabilities of data sources


     Simple mediators

     Advanced techniques in mediators

     Dynamic mediators

     Concise capability description

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