PRESENTATION

on
ATRS
&
SPEED/LOAD CONTROL LOGIC
for
TG
Presented by:
Sandip Kumar
Dy. Mgr (I)
 Introduction
• The 15 MW turbine-generator sets are to
generate power at 11 KV and feed power into the
132 KV bus for further distribution to the various
area sub-stations through existing 11 KV
distribution network.
• The plant is capable of operating either in
isolation or in parallel with the grid supply.
Further it is possible to operate either one or
both the turbine generator sets running in
parallel with the grid.
 Description of Turbine
• The Turbine is fed with steam from the main
steam header. The main steam flows through the
start up valve (=main steam emergency stop
valve), the main steam control valves, the nozzle
groups and parallel to the turbine rotor through
the main steam casing.
• For economical use of its power potential, it
passes through several subsequent stages. In this
way the enthalpy difference of the steam is
worked off.
 Description of Turbine Contd.

• Then the exhaust steam is condensed in a

condenser by means of cooling water. When
doing so, the heat differential of the steam is
utilised not only up to atmospheric pressure
but, due to high vacuum prevailing the
condenser, up to that vacuum. The resulting
condensate is fed back in to the LP heater or
into the polishing water plant.
 Description of Turbine Contd.

• In accordance with the heaters in operation,

steam is extracted from the extraction points
of the turbine at 18.1, 10.4, 4.3, 0.96 kg/cm2.
This steam is used for stepwise heating up of
the condensate to the boiler by 2 HP heaters,
1 LP heater and feed water tank.
• Basically turbine output depends on steam
flow and the available heat differential.
FLOW DIAGRAM
TURBINE BLEEDS
FEED WATER TANK
BOILER FEED PUMP
LP HEATER
HP-1 Heater
HP-2 Heater
 OIL SYSTEM of TG set
• The oil system of TG is designed as combined
lubricating control and governing oil system
with pressure circulating lubrication.
• Main oil pump, Auxiliary oil pump and
emergency oil pump discharge the lube oil
flow to a common piping(0.3 MPa). This
supplies the bearings of the whole Turbo-
generator.
 OIL SYSTEM of TG set Contd.

• The power oil piping is supplied with oil via its

own suction connection from the lube oil pipe.
The oil transported by the power oil pumps
(2X100%) is governed to 1.8 MPa and transported
on to the controller unit.
• Pressure actuators (current/pressure convertor)
are fitted to the controller which convert power
oil to control oil pressure proportional to the
electrical control parameter.
Pressure Actuator
Turbine Start up
 SALIENT FEATURES
There are three modes of turbine operation:
• Speed Control Mode:
This mode of operation is active during Turbine
Run up, Shut down and Islanding operation.
• Valve Control Mode:
Immediately after GCB is in, machine will be
transferred to valve mode and initial forward load
will be put automatically to avoid turbine trip on
reverse power.
• Load Control Mode:
 Turbine Start up Contd.

• There are three operational modes of running the start

up - Auto, System Guide and Manual.
• But to proceed start sequence, following permissive
should be first satisfied -
1) Oil tank level normal,
2) Condenser level normal,
3) Feed Water Tank (FWT) pressure normal,
4) Heaters and FWT level normal,
5) Cooling water system ok,
6) Inst. Air pressure normal,
7) Protection trip normal
 Turbine Start up Contd.

• Now turbine start sequence can be run in either

of three modes-
a) AUTOMATED MODE (AUTO) : In this mode the
sequence is executed by a “one-PB-command”
from start condition to the defined end
automatically.
Operator is informed of various steps being
performed (sub-groups).
In case any missing criteria occurs, this will hold
sequence in the indicated step and alarm.
 Turbine Start up Contd.

b) SYSTEM GUIDE MODE : Every major sub-

sequence (sub-group) is pre-selectable for
individual start by a one key command
“CONTINUE”. Permissive are same as for Auto-
mode.
c) MANUAL MODE : All program steps are
performed in “MANUAL” mode on drive level.
 Turbine Start up Contd.

• Steps defined in Turbine Start Sequence:

Step 1 MO 113 ON - Lube Oil Tank vapour
extractor
MO 107 AUTO – Auxiliary Oil Pump
MO 113 AUTO
TRC 123 AUTO – Lube Oil Temp.
Control
Step 2 MO 107 ON
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 3 L- OIL P
Step 4 MO 111 AUTO – Jack Oil Pump AC
MO 112 AUTO – Jack Oil Pump DC
MO 115 AUTO – Rotor turn device
UC 120 ON – Jack Oil Pump
Controller
Step 5 MO 115 ON
Step 6 TURN P
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 7 LRC 105 AUTO – Hot Well Level

Controller
MO 103 AUTO – Condensate Pump
No. 1
MO 104 AUTO – Condensate Pump
No. 2
UC 100 ON – Condensate Pumps
Controller
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 8 No Action
Step 9 SV 108 AUTO – Drain valve for nozzle
box 1
SV 109 AUTO – Drain valve for nozzle
box 2
SV 110 AUTO – Drain valve of wheel
chamber
SV 111 AUTO – Drain valve HP2 bleed
SV 112 AUTO – Drain valve HP1 bleed
 Turbine Start up Contd.

SV 113 AUTO – Drain valve FWT bleed

SV 114 AUTO – Drain valve LP bleed
SV 116 AUTO – Gland steam stop valve
SV 117 AUTO – Vent valve FWT bleed
MO 114 AUTO – Gland steam cond.
exhauster
Step 10 SV 108 OPEN
SV 109 OPEN
 Turbine Start up Contd.

SV 110 OPEN
SV 111 OPEN
SV 112 OPEN
SV 113 OPEN
SV 114 OPEN
SV 117 OPEN
Step 11 Condensate & Drains P
Step 12 MO 114 ON
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 13 SV 116 OPEN

Step 14 SV 107 AUTO – Vacuum Breaker valve
SV 105 AUTO – Steam stop valve for
start up ejector
SV 106 AUTO – Steam stop valve for
main ejector
SV 107 CLOSE
GLAND P
Step 15 SV 105 OPEN
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 16 SV 106 OPEN

Step 17 SV 105 CLOSE (after checking vacuum in step 16)
VACUUM P
Step 18 SV 100 AUTO – Live st. warm up
valve
SV 115 AUTO – Turb inlet drain valve
MI 101 AUTO – Turb live st. bypass
valve
MS 100 AUTO – Turb live st. stop
valve
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 19 SV 100 OPEN

SV 115 OPEN
Step 20 MI 101 OPEN 7%
Step 21 Waiting time 300 Deg C + 10 minutes
Step 22 MI 101 OPEN 30%
Step 23 MI 101 OPEN 100%
Step 24 MS 100 OPEN
SV 115 CLOSE
Step 25 MI 101 CLOSE
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 26 LIVEST P
Step 27 UC 110 ON – Control Oil Pump
Controller
MO 109 AUTO – Control Oil Pump
No. 1
MO 110 AUTO – Control Oil Pump
No. 2
Step 28 C-OIL P
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 29 No Action
Step 30 “Turbine reset message” appears on
OIU and operator acts accordingly
(on resetting, I/H gets energized through relay logic)
Turbine Start up Contd.
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 31 OPEN HYDRAULIC TRIP VALVE BY

MANUAL
Step 32 No Action
Step 33 SIC Set Point Increase to 5750 RPM
Step 34 SSC Set Point Increase to 680 RPM
Step 35 Waiting Time 17.5 W 10 H 3.5 min
MO 115 OFF
Step 36 SSC Set Point Increase to 1700 RPM
Step 37 Waiting Time 6 W 3 H 2 min
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 38 SSC Set Point Increase to 2500 RPM

Step 39 Waiting Time 6 W 3 H 2 min
Step 40 SSC Set Point Increase to 4400 RPM
Step 41 Waiting Time 5 W 4 H 2 min
SV 100 CLOSE
Step 42 SSC Set Point Increase to 5800 RPM
(In this step SIC also starts controlling and starts closing, which
is yet full open with set point of 5750, when speed crosses
5000. After speed is 5700, SSC set point becomes 7360 and
SS valve opens full.)
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 43 Waiting Time 5 W 5 H 3 min

SV 108 CLOSE
Step 44 MO 107 OFF
Step 45 SIC Set Point Increase to 6800 RPM
Step 46 SV 110 CLOSE
“READY TO SYNCHRONIZE” message
appears and E/M puts their Synchro
Control ON. This Synchro initiates exitation
system and simultaneously issues
command to DCS for speed manipulation to
match with grid parameters.
Step 47 No Action
 Turbine Start up Contd.

Step 48 No Action
(No action is defined for step 47 48. But during
this period synchro control synchronizes the
generator with grid and minimum forward load
of 2.5 MW is achieved by DCS.)
Step 49 SV 117 CLOSE
SV 111 CLOSE
SV 112 CLOSE
SV 113 CLOSE
SV 109 CLOSE
 HOT, WARM & COLD Condition
• Hot Condition is achieved when-
TR-108 > 300 DegC
TR-111 > 135 DegC
TR-112 > 135 DegC
TR-100 > 450 DegC
ES-111 = 1 (i.e. TG is synchronized)
• This Hot condition is changed to Warm Condition after
1.5 hours of TG comes on turning after trip.
• And Warm condition changes to Cold Condition after
12.5 hours of TG comes on turning after trip.
 How Forward Load is generated?
• As synchro control is put ON and generator
breaker is engaged, an integral control gets
active with error signal 4 and integral constant
15 to open governor valves. This integral
control becomes inactive after 15 sec or as
soon as 2.5 MW forward load is achieved.
• During this period, ‘LOAD CONTROL’ will
remain ‘OFF’ and governor control will be in
‘VALVE MODE’.
 How Forward Load is generated?
Contd.

• Operator has the flexibility to select either of the

following two operating modes:
- Valve Control Mode : Valve is opened by
operator to any position irrespective of any load.
This mode appears when generator is with grid
and ‘Load Controller’ is off.
- Load Control Mode : Valve is positioned
automatically to achieve the desired load set by
the operator.
Transfer between Valve Control and Load Control
is bump-less at any load after initial loading.
 How Forward Load is generated?
Contd.

• But governor control will not come in

operator’s hand even in ‘VALVE Mode’ after
synchronization till LOAD Set-Point update
control is released by logic (after 1 min of
forward load/15 sec in hot condition, 5 min in
warm and cold condition).
• This VALVE Mode will be shifted to LOAD
Mode after load controller is put on by
operator.
SPEED Control
LOAD Control
 ISLANDING
During island operation, machine will be transferred to
Speed Control and load will be changed by changing
speed set point. During island operation, speed target
will be set automatically to actual turbine speed +
speed set corresponding to droop rate and actual load
on the unit. This speed set keeps on varying while grid
in line and gets hold for 1.25 sec on isolation. After
1.25 sec, new speed set is derived from new load and
acquired speed and speed is maintained thereafter for
10 sec by logic itself. After 10 sec., speed control is
entirely left upon operator.
Rolling Trend