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    Fetal Acidosis

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    RadenMasHade
    Fetal acidosis can be acute or chronic and is caused by disruptions to placental exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the fetus and mother. This exchange relies on adequate maternal blood gas concentrations, uterine blood supply, placental transfer, and fetal gas transport. Disruptions in any of these processes can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, which is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and potential long-term effects, especially if prolonged. Acidosis refers to a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the tissues or blood (acidaemia) and is commonly measured by pH levels, with levels below 7.36 in adults and 7.00 in fetuses after delivery indicating acidaemia.

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    Fetal Acidosis

    Uploaded by

    RadenMasHade
    211 views7 pages
    Fetal acidosis can be acute or chronic and is caused by disruptions to placental exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the fetus and mother. This exchange relies on adequate maternal blood gas concentrations, uterine blood supply, placental transfer, and fetal gas transport. Disruptions in any of these processes can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, which is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and potential long-term effects, especially if prolonged. Acidosis refers to a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the tissues or blood (acidaemia) and is commonly measured by pH levels, with levels below 7.36 in adults and 7.00 in fetuses after delivery indicating acidaemia.

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    Fetal acidosis can be acute or chronic and is caused by disruptions to placental exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the fetus and mother. This exchange relies on adequate maternal blood gas concentrations, uterine blood supply, placental transfer, and fetal gas transport. Disruptions in any of these processes can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, which is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and potential long-term effects, especially if prolonged. Acidosis refers to a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the tissues or blood (acidaemia) and is commonly measured by pH levels, with levels below 7.36 in adults and 7.00 in fetuses after delivery indicating acidaemia.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    211 views7 pages

    Fetal Acidosis

    Uploaded by

    RadenMasHade
    Fetal acidosis can be acute or chronic and is caused by disruptions to placental exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the fetus and mother. This exchange relies on adequate maternal blood gas concentrations, uterine blood supply, placental transfer, and fetal gas transport. Disruptions in any of these processes can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, which is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and potential long-term effects, especially if prolonged. Acidosis refers to a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the tissues or blood (acidaemia) and is commonly measured by pH levels, with levels below 7.36 in adults and 7.00 in fetuses after delivery indicating acidaemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Fetal acidosis

    • The fetus depends on the mother for placental


    exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • This in turn relies on adequate maternal blood gas
    concentrations, uterine blood supply, placental transfer
    and fetal gas transport
    • Disruption of any of these can cause fetal hypoxia,
    which, despite compensatory mechanisms, may lead to
    acidosis
    • When severe and acute (lasting hours), but especially if
    prolonged (days or weeks), hypoxia and therefore
    acidosis, are associated with significant morbidity and
    mortality with potential long term sequelae.
    • Acidosis means a high hydrogen ion concentration in
    the tissues
    • Acidaemia refers to a high hydrogen ion concentration
    in the blood and is the most easily measured indication
    of tissue acidosis
    • The unit most commonly used is pH
    • Whereas blood pH can change quickly, tissue pH is
    more stable
    • The cut off taken to define acidaemia in adults is a pH
    of less than 7.36, but after labour and normal delivery
    much lower values commonly occur in the fetus (pH
    7.00), often with no subsequent ill effects
    etiologi
    ACUTE
    • Maternal : hypotension or hypovolaemia, such as
    haemorrhage, a vasovagal attack, or epidural
    anaesthesia will reduce the maternal blood supply and
    so oxygen delivery to the uterus, Uterine contractions
    can also interrupt the uterine blood flow by a pressure
    rise and if prolonged, as in hypertonus, may cause
    hypoxia and so acidosis
    • Placental : Abruption can disrupt the utero-placental
    circulation by separating and so tearing the uterine
    spiral arteries from the placenta
    • Fetal : Blood flow from the placenta to the
    fetus is often affected during labour and
    delivery by umbilical cord compression and
    this can sometimes happen before labour if
    there is reduced liquor or a true knot in the
    cord
    CHRONIC
    • Maternal : reduced oxygenation of maternal blood, such as
    in severe respiratory or cardiac disease, or reduced blood
    flow to the placenta as in connective tissue diseases—for
    example, systemic lupus erythematosus—and preeclampsia
    • Placental : Antenatal fetal blood sampling by ultrasound
    guided needle aspiration from the umbilical cord
    (cordocentesis) in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction
    (FGR) has shown hypoxia as a result of impaired placental
    transfer of oxygen. This is thought to result from
    inadequate trophoblast invasion of the myometrium in
    early pregnancy, leading to reduced perfusion of the
    intervillous spaces
    • Fetal : Anaemia from rhesus disease, parvovirus
    infection, thalassaemia or feto-maternal
    haemorrhage, when severe enough to reduce
    fetal haemoglobin concentrations below 40 g/l
    (equivalent to an oxygen content below 2
    mmol/l), can lead to a fall in pH.8 9 Arterio-
    venous shunting in fetal tumours, serious cardiac
    structural abnormalities, or arrhythmias are other
    conditions which can lead to chronic acidosis by
    decreased oxygenation as a result of reduced
    fetoplacental blood flow.

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