PLANNING COLLOQUIUM

ISSUES IN
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO :
Mrs.Indu Priya
SUBMITTED BY :
G.Gowtham Raj 11011BA003
P.Joseph 11011BA006
B.Laxmi Sarojini Harsha 11011BA007
K.Ravi Varma 11011BA019
Y.Sarath Chandra 11011BA027
V.Srinivas 11011BA032

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING

School of Planning & Architecture
JNAFAU
 Introduction -MSW
Definition:
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas in
either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes
- Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
Waste minimization:
Prevention of waste being created is known as waste
reduction which is an important method of waste
management.
The modern concepts based on the three Rs are: Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle.
Methods of avoidance include reuse of second hand products,
designing products to be refillable or reusable, repairing
broken items instead of buying new etc

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Solid Waste Management in India
India is the second largest nation in the world, with a population of 1.21 billion, accounting for nearly 18% of
worlds human population.
The proportion of population residing in urban areas has increased from 27.8 % in 2001 to 31.80 % in 2011 and
likely to reach 50% by 2030.
India is facing a sharp contrast between its increasing urban population and available services and resources. Solid
waste management (SWM) is one such service where India has an enormous gap to fill.
Waste Generation:
It is estimated that Urban India generates about 1.5 Lakhs Tonnes per day.
The per capita waste generation rate in India has increased from 0.44 kg/day in 2001 to 0.5 kg/day in 2011.
Waste generation rate in Indian cities ranges between 200 - 870 grams/day, depending upon the regions lifestyle
and the size of the city.The per capita waste generation is increasing by about 1.3% per year in India

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Solid Waste Management in India

MSWM - Important Policy landmarks and funding initiatives of GoI

Source: IMaCS analysis

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Solid Waste Management in India
Roles & responsibilities of Institutions in SWM
Responsible institutions Roles and responsibilities in SWM
Government of India and State Governments Make Central/ State-level laws and rules; frame policies; prepare
guidelines, manuals, and technical assistance; provide financial
support
Municipal authorities and state government Plan for MSWM treatment facilities
Municipal authorities Collect, transport, treat and dispose of waste
Municipal authorities with state government approval Frame bylaws; levy and collect fees
Municipal authorities, State and central governments Capital investment in SWM systems

National Legal & Regulatory Framework Source: IMaCS analysis

74th Amendment Act for empowered municipalities to implement SWM schemes

Municipal SolidWastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 by MoEF
TheWater (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
TheWater (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Metro Cities
CITY AHMEDABAD BANGLORE CHENNAI DELHI HYDERABAD KOLKATA MUMBAI
16,314,838/ 7,749,334/ 14,112,53 18,414,288/2
Population(2011) 6,352,254 8,499,399 8,696,010
21,753,486(m) 9,900,000(m) 6 0,748,395(m)
Area(sq.kms) 7,700 741 1,189 46,208 7,100 1,886.67 4,355
Density 720 11,000 20,000 11,297.01 18,480 24,000 21,000
Total Waste
Generated(tonnes/day)2 2300 3700 4500 6800 4200 3670 6500
010-11
5114.76 7000
By EEC/WTERT 2636 3501 6404 11558 5154 12060 11645
Per Capita Waste
0.42 0.45 0.71 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.51
Generation
Total Waste collected 700

Source:
Status report on municipal solid waste management by CPCB
Earth Engineering Centre (EEC)
Waste to Energy Research & Technology Council(WTERT)

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Service Level Benchmarks
1HH Collection Segregation MSW Scientific Cost Collection Complaints
Metro Cities
Coverage Efficiency of MSW Recovery Disposal Recovery Efficiency Redressal
Benchmark 100% 100% 100% 80% 100% 80% 100% 90%
National
39 80 0 0 0 0 0 70
Average
AHMEDABAD 96 95 15 15 100 20 20 90

BANGLORE 70 60 2 33 54 1 16

DELHI(2008) 4.2 80.8 31.6 31.6 1.2 90

HYDERABAD 72 80 0 12 0 75 13 65

MUMBAI 100 100 15 2 0 100 100 100

Source: SLB Data book , 2008 , 2010

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 SWM Projects under JnNURM
UNDER JnNURM (UIDSSMT) UNDER JnNURM (UIG)

1148 599

67 46
18 13

Total projects No.of sanctioned No.of completed Total projects No.of sanctioned No.of completed
No. of projects No. of projects No. of projects No. of projects
sector Sector
approved completed approved completed
Strom water /drainage 78 33 Drinage/ strome water 76 29
Road 221 83 Roads/ flyovers 104 60
Parking 1 1 water supply 186 71
Sewerage 156 18 urban renewal 10 4
Soil Erosion 4 1 sewerage 122 35
Solid wastemanagement 67 18 other urban transport 17 12
Urban renewal 10 7 mass rapid transport 22 7
water Body 13 7 solid waste management 46 13
Water supply 597 285 parking lots 5 0
Heritage 1 development of heritage 7 2
Total 1148 453 preservation of water bodies 4 0
Total 599 233

Source: JnNURM
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Landfill Issues
LANDFILL
A landfill site (also known as dump, rubbish dump or dumping ground) is a site for the disposal of waste materials
by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment.
The design, construction, management of the Landfill should be in accordance with the MSW Act 2000.
ISSUES:
A large number of impacts may occur from landfill operations.These impacts can include:
i. Injuries to wildlife
ii. Infrastructure damage
iii. Pollution of the local environment
iv. Harboring of disease vectors (such as rats/flies)
v. Methane is generated (by decaying organic wastes)
vi. Fatal accidents (such as scavengers buried under waste piles)

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Name of city No. of landfills Area landfill (ha)
Chennai 2 465.5
Coimbatore 2 292
Surat 1 200
Greater Mumbai* 3 140
Greater Hyderabad* 1 121.5
Ahmadabad* 1 84
Delhi* 3 66.4
Jabalpur 1 60.7
Indore 1 59.5
Madurai 1 48.6
Greater Bangalore 2 40.7
Greater Visakhapatnam 1 40.5
Ludhiana 1 40.4
Nasik 1 34.4
Jaipure 3 31.4

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Name of city No. of landfills Area of landfill (ha)
Srinagar 1 30.4
Kanpur 1 27
Kolkata * 1 24.7
Chandigarh 1 18
Ranchi 1 15
Raipur 1 14.6
Meerut 2 14.2
Guwahati 1 13.2
thiruvananthapuram 1 12.5

Note: * having both sanitary landfill and landfill sites

Sanitary Landfill sites in India:
Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata
Mumbai Pune
Ahmadabad Agra
Pondicherry Lucknow

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Landfills in metro cities
CITY No of Landfills
Delhi 3-Ghaziapur,Bhalaswa,Okhla
Kolkata 2-Dhapa,Naopada,Garden Reach
Greater Hyderabad 1-Jawahar Nagar
Bangalore 7-Mandur North,Mandur South, Mavallipura, Anjanapur,
Cheemsandra, Kannahalli, S.Bingipura
Chennai 2-Kodungaiyur, Perungudi
Ahmedabad 1-Pirana
Mumbai 2-Deonar,Ghorai

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Landfill Issues
TYPE OF IMPACT EXAMPLE

Surface water oTakes place when the wastes reach water

contamination bodies
oPollution of rivers, lakes and ground
water
Takes place when residues from waste,
leach into the ground water
Environment A specific environmental hazard caused
by waste is Leachate which is the liquid
that forms as water trickles through
Mavallipura
Ground water contaminated areas leaching out the
landfill site in
contamination chemicals
Bangalore
Movement of Leachate from landfills,
effluent treating plants and waste disposal
sites may result in hazardous substances
entering surface water, ground water or
soil

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Landfill Issues
TYPE OF IMPACT EXAMPLE

Caused by dumping of waste

Jawahar nagar
Soil contamination Waste can harm plants and can
landfill,Hyderabad
Environment indirectly adversely impact the
health of humans and animals
waste burning Mavallipura landfill
Air contamination Green house gases: from landfills site in Bangalore
Dengue,malaria,intestinal Landfills are living sites for
problems,vision number of disease carrying
Health
problems,etc. medians such as flies,rats,etc.

Decrease of land rents and Burning of waste,emission of bad

land values odour and contamination of
natural habitat
Economic issues Agriculture lands are vacated due Mavallipura
to water contamination and ash
emission from burning of waste
materials.
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Case study BANGALORE

9/26/2017 15 Issues in Solid Waste

Management
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 CASE OF MAVALLIPURA LANDFILLS
The Mavallipura landfills are merely 2.5 kms. away from the flow of
River Arkavathi and comprehensively violate an order of the
Karnataka Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment that
protects the 1453 sq kms watershed of Tippagondanahalli Reservoir
across Arkavathi - a major drinking water source for Bangalore - from
polluting facilities.
landfills is that they are located merely 5.6 kms from the critical
defense facilityYelahanka Air Force Base.

Pond near landfill site, Mavallipuram

Unsegregated waste in Mavallipuram

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
ISSUES IN MAVALLIPURA LANDFILL SITE:
With water contamination widespread, diarrhea is very common. This has resulted in people becoming
increasingly vulnerable to a variety of infections and children appear generally malnourished.
The most alarming indicator of the high rate of human toxicity is that the village has discovered a sudden spike
in the rate of cancers, kidney failures and heart diseases.
The results showed that the highest metal concentration that exists in the Leachate was Iron which is about of
12 ppm.
Contamination of the soil and water resulting in failed crops, such that many of the farmers in the village are
turning to alternate means of livelihood like brick making.
NO FENCING: Landfill site shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate to monitor incoming
vehicles or other modes of transportation
NO PROPER TREATMENT: leachates collection and treatment shall be made.
RUN-OFF FROM SITE: Prevention of run-off from landfill area entering any stream, river, lake or pond.

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 ISSUES IN MAVALLIPURA

Unsegregated waste in Mavallipura A trench was dug from landfill to a near-by

water body to drain the toxic Leachate

Waste covered with tarpaulin sheets Leachate run off heads straight towards the
Mavallipura village during Monsoon
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
HYDERABAD
 Introduction
Hyderabad is the capital city of Andhra Pradesh & Telangana and is the
sixth largest city in India.
The city has been divided into five zones namely North, South, East,
West and Central zones with 18 circles and around 150 municipal
wards.
The population growth experienced (5.7 to 6.8 million) during the
decade 2001-2011 is further expected to continue to increase by 13.64
million 2021.
Zone Population
East zone 7899.86

South zone 32777.42

Central 27257.28

West 6684.3
North 16590.98
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Waste Generation
Sl.no Type of waste Waste generated (MT/day) % waste composition
1 Domestic household 1870 37.18
2 Commercial establishments 350 6.95
3 Hotels & restaurants 666 13.24
4 Institutions 125 2.48
5 Parks & gardens 69 1.38
6 Street sweeping 325 6.47
7 Waste from drains 175 3.47
8 Markets 479 9.52
9 Temples 35 0.70
10 Chicken, mutton, beef, fish stalls 164 3.26
11 Cinema halls 15 0.30
12 Function halls 88 1.74
13 Hospitals 35 0.69
14 Construction and demolition 635 12.62
Total 5030 100.00
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Transfer Stations & Dumping sites
Upliftment & Transfer stations: Disposal Sites: NewTransfer stations:
Imlibun Transfer station BHEL Kapra
Tank bundTransfer station Fathullaguda Uppal
Yousuf Guda Transfer station Shamshiguda Kukatpally
Jawahar Nagar* Sherilingampally

Organization Structure Rajendra nagar

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 GARBAGE COLLECTION
Outsourced the door-to-door collection upto 80% of the area and collection is
through tricycles
GHMC provided tricycles to the rag pickers at free of cost
Each tricycle crew would cover 200 250 houses/establishments
They are Implementing voluntary garbage disposal in association with RWAs
Separate collection of waste from bulk waste generators by GHMC through
compactors
Introduced the unit system involving the SHGs 10
GARBAGE STORAGE
Primary storage at the generation sources.
Secondary storage at community level dumper bins.
GARBAGE TRANSPORTATION
Primary transportation would be carried out through tricycle
Secondary transportation through dumper bins and dumper placers with rear end
loader compactors
Tertiary transfer-station from transfer-stations to the disposal site through long haul
vehicles
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
TRANSFER-STATIONS KEY INFRASTRUCTURE

PREVIOUS DISPOSAL SITES

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
JAWAHAR NAGAR
Dumping Yard
 INTRODUCTION
Location: Jawahar Nagar is located in Shamirpet mandal , Rangareddy District , which is 30kms from the
GHMC.
Area: 339 acres.
Year of Establishment : 2002
Estimated Life Span remaining : 15 years
Mode of operation : Public Private Partnership (GHMC & REEL)
Amount of waste Disposed daily: 3450 tonnes/day
Area occupied by waste at present : 182acres
No. of intermediate transfer stations: 3 Imlibun ,Yousufguda ,Tank bund
Disposal Method: Scientific disposal processing & disposal
Total workers: 490 ; medical precautions : Masks , Shoes , spectacles , safety jackets.
Treatment : Aerobic Decomposition of waste
Frequency : Daily

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 Jawahar Nagar Timeline
Leachate collection: Leachate collection ponds Gradual change in the green cover surrounding the dumping yard
2005 2008
Rag Pickers ; 40
Open Burning at site : because of old dump
Surface water near the site; Malkaram pond
Ground water table : 120 ft below ground level
Following SWM rules and regulations
Chemical properties Range
pH 6.24-7.15
Moisture content 31.73-59.24
Carbon content 7.60-15.6
Nitrogen mg/kg 4500-7200
Zinc mg/kg 132-272
Lead mg/kg 10-25 2013

Nickel mg/kg 1-6 Lakes were present in the surrounding landuse

before but now they were not present
Calorific value k. cal/kg 1250-2550
G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 ISSUES
LOCATION
Dumping yard is at higher elevation from residential area
WIND DIRECTION & PUBLIC HEALTH
Direction of wind from land fill site is towards south west direction which is on the side of residential area which
is negative impact on public health, this direction of wind helps harmful air pollutants released from site to easily
move to wards settlement's which creates major effects on public health .
Direction of wind in site area acts as driver which eases flow of pollutants towards residential area.
The smoke and the dusty fog blows in the direction of the RGK .
The soil pollution is making the area in to barren lands.
The lakes surrounding the study area are highly polluted due to dump yard.
BAD ODOUR
Bad Smell from the dumping yard comes to around 2 Kms radius.
GROUND WATER AND SURFACEWATER CONTAMINATION

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem
 ISSUES
In rainy season water & waste from dump yard flow towards settlements and ground water gets contaminated
in surrounding area due to Leachate in dump yard
FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS AIR POLLUTION
Fires and explosions occur at waste treatment facilities because of improper storage or handling of materials.
Large amount of heat is generated in wasted dumped which results in sudden explosion and also leading to air
pollution in that area.

G.Gowtham Raj , P.Joseph , B.L.S.Harsha , K.Ravi Varma ,Y.Sarath Chandra , V.Srinivas PLANNING VII Sem