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    Traffic Flow Distance-Time Diagram and Shockwaves: CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

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    rammable
    This document discusses traffic flow diagrams, shockwaves, and examples of shockwaves occurring during traffic incidents. It provides the following key points: 1) Time-distance diagrams can be used to represent vehicle speeds and traffic flow over time and distance. 2) Shockwaves occur when there is a change in traffic conditions, such as vehicles slowing down due to an accident, that disrupts the flow of traffic. 3) The speed and direction of shockwave movement can be calculated using the flow rate and concentration differences between traffic states upstream and downstream of the shockwave.

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    Traffic Flow Distance-Time Diagram and Shockwaves: CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

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    rammable
    35 views14 pages
    This document discusses traffic flow diagrams, shockwaves, and examples of shockwaves occurring during traffic incidents. It provides the following key points: 1) Time-distance diagrams can be used to represent vehicle speeds and traffic flow over time and distance. 2) Shockwaves occur when there is a change in traffic conditions, such as vehicles slowing down due to an accident, that disrupts the flow of traffic. 3) The speed and direction of shockwave movement can be calculated using the flow rate and concentration differences between traffic states upstream and downstream of the shockwave.

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    This document discusses traffic flow diagrams, shockwaves, and examples of shockwaves occurring during traffic incidents. It provides the following key points: 1) Time-distance diagrams can be used to represent vehicle speeds and traffic flow over time and distance. 2) Shockwaves occur when there is a change in traffic conditions, such as vehicles slowing down due to an accident, that disrupts the flow of traffic. 3) The speed and direction of shockwave movement can be calculated using the flow rate and concentration differences between traffic states upstream and downstream of the shockwave.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views14 pages

    Traffic Flow Distance-Time Diagram and Shockwaves: CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

    Uploaded by

    rammable
    This document discusses traffic flow diagrams, shockwaves, and examples of shockwaves occurring during traffic incidents. It provides the following key points: 1) Time-distance diagrams can be used to represent vehicle speeds and traffic flow over time and distance. 2) Shockwaves occur when there is a change in traffic conditions, such as vehicles slowing down due to an accident, that disrupts the flow of traffic. 3) The speed and direction of shockwave movement can be calculated using the flow rate and concentration differences between traffic states upstream and downstream of the shockwave.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Traffic Flow Distance-time Diagram and Shockwaves

    Lecture 14
    CE 2710
    Norman W. Garrick
    Time-Distance Diagrams of Traffic Flow

    Vehicle 2 Vehicle 1
    u2 = 30 mph u1 = 50 mph
    (constant) (constant)

    Distance
    Slope = speed
    s

    h
    Fix Position

    Time
    Fix Point in Time Norman W. Garrick
    Time-Distance Diagrams of Traffic Flow

    Distance

    Time
    Norman W. Garrick
    Time-Distance Diagrams
    Actual Traffic Flow

    Ref: Papacostas and Prevedouros


    Norman W. Garrick
    Shock Waves

    A shock wave occur when there is a change in the travel condition


    on the roadway that affect the stream flow.

    For example, a shock wave occur when drivers slow down to look
    at an accident (rubberneck) - this can cause a traffic jam that
    is seemingly more dramatic than one would expect given the
    nature of the act that caused it.

    Shock waves can be associated with a particular vehicle in the


    stream slowing down or stopping

    A shock wave is also associated with the traffic pressure being


    released and a traffic jam dissipating

    Norman W. Garrick
    Example of a Shock Wave
    At a Stop

    T = t1 sec

    Traffic is flowing normal


    Flow, q = 500 veh/hr Conc, k = 10 veh/mi

    Norman W. Garrick
    Example of a Shock Wave
    At a Stop

    T = t2 sec

    Flagman stops first vehicle in the queue

    Shockwave

    Norman W. Garrick
    Example of a Shock Wave
    At a Stop

    T = t3 sec
    More vehicles have joined the queue
    The shockwave have moved backwards

    Shockwave 1

    State 1 State 2
    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi

    On either side of the shockwave there are two different state of flow

    Norman W. Garrick
    Example of a Shock Wave
    At a Stop

    T = t4 sec
    Flagman releases queue

    Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2

    State 1 State 2 State 3


    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr q = 1000 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi k = 110 veh/mi

    There is now a second shockwave and a third state of flow -


    the flow state for traffic released from the queue

    Norman W. Garrick
    Distance-Time Diagram for Shock Wave

    Distance

    X
    Shockwave 1

    Shockwave 2

    Time
    Norman W. Garrick
    Calculation of Shockwave Travel

    usw = (q2-q1) / (k2-k1)

    Shockwave 1

    State 1 State 2
    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi

    The speed of the shockwave can be calculated using the above equation

    The sign is important so remember to number the travel states from upstream to downstream

    If the sign is +ve it means that the shockwave is moving downstream


    Norman W. Garrick
    Calculation of Shockwave Travel

    Shockwave 1

    State 1 State 2
    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi

    Speed of Shockwave
    usw1 = (q2-q1) / (k2-k1)
    (0-500) / (260-10) = - 2 mph

    Shockwave 1 is moving upstream at 2 mph

    What is the length of the queue after 3 minutes


    Length = u*t = 2 mph * 3/60 hr = 0.1 mile

    How many vehicles are in the queue after 3 minutes


    no. of vehicles = k * L = 260 *0.1 = 26 vehicles
    Norman W. Garrick
    Calculation of Shockwave Travel

    Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2

    State 1 State 2 State 3


    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr q = 1000 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi k = 110 veh/mi

    Speed of shockwave 2

    usw2 = (q3-q2) / (k3-k2)


    (1000-0) / (110-260) = - 6.67 mph

    Shockwave 2 is moving upstream at 6.67 mph

    Norman W. Garrick
    Calculation of Shockwave Travel

    Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2

    State 1 State 2 State 3


    q = 500 veh/hr q = 0 veh/hr q = 1000 veh/hr
    k = 10 veh/mi k = 260 veh/mi k = 110 veh/mi

    How long will it take to clear the queue if the flagman held the
    queue for 3 minutes
    Length after 3 minutes = u*t = 2 mph * 3/60 hr = 0.1 mile

    usw1 = - 2 mph usw2 = - 6.67 mph


    Therefore the queue will dissipate at rate of 4.67 mph
    Time to dissipate a 0.1 mile queue is L/speed
    0.1 mile / 4.67 mph = 0.021 hr = 12.6 minutes

    Norman W. Garrick

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