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    Bacillus Anthracis Powerpoint

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    Enerose Magno
    This document discusses the genus Bacillus. It describes Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, and its significance from a historical perspective. Key details about B. anthracis include that it is a large, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax through its exotoxins. The document also briefly discusses Bacillus cereus, another Bacillus species that can cause food poisoning, and compares the exotoxins produced by B. cereus and B. anthracis.

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    Bacillus Anthracis Powerpoint

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    Enerose Magno
    514 views32 pages
    This document discusses the genus Bacillus. It describes Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, and its significance from a historical perspective. Key details about B. anthracis include that it is a large, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax through its exotoxins. The document also briefly discusses Bacillus cereus, another Bacillus species that can cause food poisoning, and compares the exotoxins produced by B. cereus and B. anthracis.

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    This document discusses the genus Bacillus. It describes Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, and its significance from a historical perspective. Key details about B. anthracis include that it is a large, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax through its exotoxins. The document also briefly discusses Bacillus cereus, another Bacillus species that can cause food poisoning, and compares the exotoxins produced by B. cereus and B. anthracis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    514 views32 pages

    Bacillus Anthracis Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Enerose Magno
    This document discusses the genus Bacillus. It describes Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, and its significance from a historical perspective. Key details about B. anthracis include that it is a large, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax through its exotoxins. The document also briefly discusses Bacillus cereus, another Bacillus species that can cause food poisoning, and compares the exotoxins produced by B. cereus and B. anthracis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    Some key takeaways are that Bacillus includes pathogenic bacteria like B. anthracis and B. cereus. It is a gram-positive, spore-forming rod that can cause diseases like anthrax and food poisoning.

    Some general characteristics of Bacillus include that they are large, gram-positive rods that form spores and chains. They are metabolically diverse and can grow in various temperatures and pH levels.

    Diseases caused by B. anthracis include anthrax, which mainly affects herbivores but can infect humans through contact. It causes lesions and infection of the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax has high mortality if untreated.

    BACCILLUS

    Domain : Bacteria
    Phylum : Firmicutes
    Class : Bacilli
    Order : Bacillales
    Family : Bacillaceae
    Genus : Bacillus
    Species : Bacillus anthracis
    Bacillus cereus
    orical Interests
    ical Interests
    First pathogenic bacteria to be seen under the Microscope - 1849 Pollender
    rst pathogenic bacteria to be seen under the Microscope - 1849 Pollender
    First communicable Disease - Transferred Experimentally - Inoculation of infec
    rst communicable Disease - Transferred Experimentally - Inoculation of infecte
    - blood ( Davaine 1850 )
    - blood ( Davaine 1850 )
    First bacteria to be isolated in Pure Culture & shown to posses spores B. anthra
    rst bacteria to be isolated in Pure Culture & shown to posses spores B. anthraci
    - Robert Koch 1876
    - Robert Koch 1876
    First bacteria employed for preparation of attenuated vaccine - Louis Pastuer
    rst bacteria employed for preparation of attenuated vaccine - Louis Pastuer
    ENERAL
    ENERALCHARACTERISTICS
    CHARACTERISTICS
    - Large , gram(+) bacilli, encapsulated, non-motile,
    spore former -centrally located
    Serpentine chains (+) Catalase positive
    - Metabolically diverse - Strict aerobes & facultative anaerobes,
    Psychrophilic, mesophilic, thermophiles,
    Alkalophilic, Neutrophilic, and acidophilic
    species.
    - Formation of spores
    In culture - aerobically & anaerobically
    in nature ( Soil ) - shed by animals.
    - Fresh specimen- stained gram (+)
    With age - stained Gram(-) or variable.

    - All species grow - 5% SBA (Sheep Blood Agar)


    - Chocolate Agar, routine Culture media.
    * PEA ( Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar) Useful for the isolation of
    bacillus
    from contaminated
    specimens.
    - Grow Well: at 35C x 24 hours in ambient air or in 5% CO2.
    Bacillus anthracis
    - Greek word = ANTHRAKIS COAL - coal-like or black lesions

    - Anthrax - Disease of herbivores- goats, sheep, cattle, horses &


    other animals.
    - Occupational disease -veterinarians, butchers,
    farmers, & mill workers.

    - Humans infection- contaminated animals or animal products.


    - B. anthracis - Capsulated organism Anthrax
    - pXo2 Capsule Gene
    - Non- capsulated is not virulent & does not induce
    anthrax
    in test animals.
    Morphology:

    - Large gram(+) non-motile, encapsulated spore former , square


    cut ends
    - Spore - centrally located
    - Singly, in pairs, in short chains - entire chain may encapsulated
    Long serpentine chains or String of pearls appearance.
    - Capsulated - from infected tissues.
    In vitro capsule not demonstrated

    unless cultured on Bicarbonate containing


    medium + 6% CO2.
    - Spore formation In culture, soil, tissues & exudates of dead
    animals NOT
    in blood ,living tissues of animals.
    CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS:
    - Grow well - Most laboratory media.
    - Optimal Temperature = 37C (15C - 40C)
    - Facultative anaerobe- grows best aerobically On BAP at 37C
    Non-hemolytic
    - 5% BAP Characteristic colonial morphology
    - Large, raised, grayish-white, plumose, with irregular
    fringelike/
    irregular edge = Medusa head Appearance or
    hairlike curls.
    = Swirling projections

    -Colonies = Tenacious consistency, when edges are lifted can stand


    upright
    without support Characteristic of Beaten egg
    whites.
    - Transmitted Light Cut Glass appearance .
    - Gelatin Stab Agar Gelatin is liquefied, growth resembles =
    Inverted Fir Tree

    - Virulent Strains of B. anthracis:


    ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE
    1. Capsular AG or Polypeptide Capsule
    -HMW - D-Glutamic Acid or Poly-D-Glutamic acid.
    - Antiphagocytic , virulence factor, NON-IMMUNOGENIC
    - Three Genes : capA, capB, capC responsible for
    synthesis of capsule,
    carried on a
    plasmid.

    2. Polysaccharide Somatic Antigen or Polysaccharide Cell


    Wall
    - Contains N- acetylglucosamine & D- galactose
    - Cross-reactivity Human blood Type A material &
    Type 14 pneumococcus
    polysaccharide.
    - Antibodies produced is not protective.

    . Complex Protein Toxin ( Exotoxin)


    - Thermolabile & are ipoprotein.
    - Three Protein Components :
    a) Factor I or Edema Factor
    Protective Antigen - Proteolytic activation
    - binds to specific receptors
    - membrane channel formation
    - Mediates entry of EF & LF to cell

    Edema Factor Adenylate cyclase + PA forms Edema Toxin


    Lethal Factor + Protective Antigen forms Lethal Toxin
    - Major virulence factor - Death in animals &
    humans

    pXO1 - encodes for the Anthrax toxin genes

    pXO2 - encodes for the capsule gene


    ANTHRAX primarily a disease of herbivores.
    - Human become infected in one of Three Ways:
    1. Cutaneous or Inoculation most common
    2. Inhalation
    3. Ingestion

    CLINICAL SYNDROMES:
    1. Cutaneous Anthrax 1-7 days
    - Small papule at site of injection, ring of vesicles develops,
    coalesce,
    Erythematous ring.
    - Small dark area at center of the ring ulcerates & dries
    Depressed
    - Black necrotic central area Black Eschar or Malignant
    Pustule.
    ( 7-10 days )
    - Lesions painless , no pus unless secondarily infected.
    - Healing :1-2 weeks - Granulation dislodge and leaving a
    scar.
    - Complications : Sepsis - Meningitis
    2. Inhalation Or Woolsorter Disease
    2. Inhalation Or Woolsorter Disease
    - Incubation period up to 6 weeks
    - Incubation period up to 6 weeks
    - Mediastinal lymph nodes
    - Mediastinal lymph nodes
    - Marked hemorrhagic necrosis edema Mediastinum
    - Marked hemorrhagic necrosis edema Mediastinum
    - CXR Pronounced Mediastinal widening
    - CXR Pronounced Mediastinal widening
    - Mimic viral respiratory infection
    - Mimic viral respiratory infection
    Rapidly progressive Severe pulmonary disease
    Rapidly progressive Severe pulmonary disease
    - Complications : Hemorrhagic pleural effusion
    - Complications : Hemorrhagic pleural effusion
    Sepsis
    Sepsis
    Bowel ulcerations
    Bowel ulcerations
    Hemorrhagic meningitis
    Hemorrhagic meningitis
    - Associated with higher mortality.
    - Associated with higher mortality.
    - 2001 Anthrax bioterrorism 22 cases
    - 2001 Anthrax bioterrorism 22 cases
    3. Gastrointestinal Anthrax
    - Ingestion of poorly cooked infected meat
    Manifestations: Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, fever and
    vomiting
    - Associated with higher mortality.
    PREVENTION AND TREATMMENT;
    1. Vaccination of animal herds
    2. Vaccination of humans Ava BioThrax - contains PA Toxigenic
    strains
    - Supernatant cell-
    free culture
    - 0,4 weeks , 6,12,18
    months
    - U.S Department of
    Defense

    TREATMENT:
    1. Penicillin G
    2. Alternative Drugs : Tetracycline and chloramphenicol
    3. Streptomycin or gentamicin
    4. Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline setting of Potential exposure
    ( Bioterrorism )
    - Up to 4 weeks
    Note: Antibiotic does not change progression of disease only
    prevents dissemination
    cillus cereus
    milar in morphology with B anthracis but are motile & is not susceptible to Peni
    auses gastroenteritis associated with = FRIED RICE
    her diseases: Traumatic eye Infection - Panopthalmitis
    Catheter-associated sepsis
    Rarely- Severe pneumonia
    Mediated by 1 of 2 Toxins:
    1. Heat-labile Enterotoxin = Diarrhea forms
    2. Heat-Stable Enterotoxin = Emetic form

    hree Toxins:
    1. Necrotic toxin Heat labile enterotoxin
    2. Cereolysin Hemolysis
    3. Phospholipase C Lecithinase

    cillus subtilis
    A common laboratory contaminant
    Associated with infections in immunocompromised patients.
    COMPARISON OF EXOTOXIN PRODUCED BY BACILLUS
    COMPARISON OF EXOTOXIN PRODUCED BY BACILLUS
    CEREUS
    CEREUS
    CHARACTERISTICS DIARRHEAL TOXIN
    CHARACTERISTICS DIARRHEAL TOXIN
    EMETIC TOXIN
    EMETIC TOXIN
    BACILLUS CEREUS GROWTH CULTURE
    REFERRENCES
    1. Jawetz Medical microbiology
    2. Medical microbiology Ellen Baron
    3. Medical Microbiology Zinsser
    4. MIMs Medical Microbiology
    5. Microbiology Bauman
    6. Microbiology Nester
    7. Medical Microbiology - Chakraborty

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