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    HLAW

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    Febu Luthfiani
    Hybrid laser arc welding combines laser beam welding with an arc welding process to gain advantages of both methods. It can produce high quality welds at higher welding speeds than either laser welding or arc welding alone. Some limitations include more stringent part alignment requirements and higher equipment costs compared to arc welding alone. Applications include automotive, shipbuilding, pipelines, aerospace, and power generation where high quality welds are needed.

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    HLAW

    Uploaded by

    Febu Luthfiani
    352 views26 pages
    Hybrid laser arc welding combines laser beam welding with an arc welding process to gain advantages of both methods. It can produce high quality welds at higher welding speeds than either laser welding or arc welding alone. Some limitations include more stringent part alignment requirements and higher equipment costs compared to arc welding alone. Applications include automotive, shipbuilding, pipelines, aerospace, and power generation where high quality welds are needed.

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    Hybrid Laser Arc Welding

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    HLAW PPt

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    Hybrid laser arc welding combines laser beam welding with an arc welding process to gain advantages of both methods. It can produce high quality welds at higher welding speeds than either laser welding or arc welding alone. Some limitations include more stringent part alignment requirements and higher equipment costs compared to arc welding alone. Applications include automotive, shipbuilding, pipelines, aerospace, and power generation where high quality welds are needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    352 views26 pages

    HLAW

    Uploaded by

    Febu Luthfiani
    Hybrid laser arc welding combines laser beam welding with an arc welding process to gain advantages of both methods. It can produce high quality welds at higher welding speeds than either laser welding or arc welding alone. Some limitations include more stringent part alignment requirements and higher equipment costs compared to arc welding alone. Applications include automotive, shipbuilding, pipelines, aerospace, and power generation where high quality welds are needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Hybrid Laser Arc Welding

    By:
    Krystina petelova
    Febi luthfiani
    Vinda puspasari
    Outline
    History (vinda)
    Description
    Types
    Characterization
    Process (krystina)
    Paramaters
    Joint Designs
    Defects (febi and krystina)
    Application
    Advantages
    Limitations (febi)
    History
    1970s as arc-augmented laser
    welding that combined LBW
    with gas tungsten arc welding
    (GTAW) (Ref 1).
    arc processes including GTAW,
    gas metal arc welding (GMAW),
    and plasma arc welding have
    been used;
    GMAW has become the most
    popular arc process for HLAW
    high-power continuous-wave
    lasers such as carbon dioxide
    (CO2) gas lasers and solid-
    state neodymium-doped
    yttrium-aluminum-garnet
    (Nd:YAG) lasers have been
    used for HLAW
    Description
    Hybrid welding combines laser beam welding and arc welding
    to provide advantages not found in either. This method get
    advantage from both methodes.

    This method has two variation of welding direction

    http://www.twi-global.com/capabilities/joining-technologies/lasers/hybrid-laser-arc-weldin
    g/
    http://www.slideshare.net/OmerChasib/laser-arc-hybrid-welding
    Description (2)
    Types of hybrid laser arc
    welding
    (:YAG,
    According to the source of laser beam:
    diode, Yb, fibre, Yb:YAG disk)

    According to the heating source:


    1. Laser-gas tungsten arc welding (GTA)
    2. Laser-gas metal arc welding (GMA)
    3. Laser-plasma welding
    http://www.slideshare.net/OmerChasib/laser-arc-hybrid-welding
    Jelasin macam2 Laser beam
    For most structural metals 1kW of
    laser power is needed to provide 1
    mm of penetration under the speed
    of 2m/min
    For low carbon steel 10kW with
    2,3m/min can provide full
    penetration of 9,5 mm square butt
    joint
    http://www.twi-
    global.com/capabilities/joining-
    technologies/lasers/hybrid-laser-arc-
    Laser-gas tungsten arc welding (GTA)

    In GTA welding, a chemically inert gas, such as argon or


    helium, is often used.
    Laser-gas metal arc welding (GMA)
    Laser-plasma welding
    Characterization of welding
    Low distortion in joint compared to MAW or
    SAW
    =>lower cost of reworking and correction of
    weld (20-30%)
    High welding speed ( 5m/min, steel and
    alluminum up to 14m/min )
    Improved weld quality:
    Hot cracking can be avoided (in some higher
    strenght Al alloys)
    Internal porosity content reduced
    Parameters
    1. Distance between laser focal point and impingement of the
    arc
    2. Geometrical formation of laser beam and arc torch
    3. Shielding gas
    4. Travel Speed
    5. Process Orientation
    6. GMAW Current, Voltage and Polarity
    7. Wire Feed Speed
    Joint
    -Deep penetration welds comparable
    with laser welds
    Controlled by choice of laser and
    parameters.
    Penetration up to 6-12mm possible
    with high power laser
    Ytterbium-fiber penetration up to
    28 mm

    -Tolerance to joint fit-up and a weld


    cap profile comparable with arc welds.

    -Gasses to protect the pool can be


    used

    - Many types of joint desing can be


    gle-group.eu
    welded as ( butt, grove, lap, flange,
    ww.twi-global.com/capabilities/joining-technologies/lasers/hybrid-laser-arc-welding/
    ww.asminternational.org/documents/10192/22533690/05264G_Sample_BuyNow.pdf/12bdd4e6-d526-4c5d-9a99-ba10c370e86f
    fillet, different depth up to 2 mm)
    Defects
    Undercut and concavity
    -due to gap, which can not
    be filled by the deposited
    wire, undercut can occur
    due to high travel speed
    Incomplete fusion-
    Undercut and concavity
    deviation in narrow weld
    profiles
    Incomplete penetration
    Root humping defect
    Root humping- longitudinal humping profile at the
    back of the joint, mostly in steel, physical
    phenomena causing this is not fully understood,
    increasing power stabilizes full penetration
    keyhole and eliminates humping

    app.aws.org
    Solves
    Reducing the welding speed
    Increasing the wire feed rate and/or
    arc voltage trim
    Changing the stand-off height of the
    welding head
    Deliberataly off setting the laser
    beam off of the joint line (by off-
    setting the welding head)
    Laser Beam - GMAW
    Advantages :
    Gas Metal Arc
    Laser Welding Welding (GMAW) /
    MIG
    1. Good quality : Narrow, deep 1. Excellent gap
    weld seam bridging ability
    2. High Completion rates 2. Low cost of
    3. Low consumable costs (no equipment
    filler required) 3. High efficiency of
    4. Low but concentrated heat the process (60-
    input, which result in low and 80%)
    predictable distortion levels
    5. Reduce post weld rework
    6. No mechanical contact
    between the laser eqipment
    and the workpieces
    7. Joining of widely dissimilar
    Drawbacks :
    Gas Metal Arc Welding
    Laser Welding (GMAW) / MIG
    1. High cost of equipment 1. Energy density and
    and maintenance welding speed lower
    2. Poor gap bridging compared to laser
    ability welding
    3. Limited welding 2. Low speed
    positions
    4. Poor electrical
    efficiency (2% for CO2
    lasers, 10% for Nd:YAG
    lasers)
    5. Occasional
    metallurgical problems
    due to the high cooling
    Hybrid Laser Arc Welding
    (HLAW)
    Advantages of HLAW
    Lower capital cost, reduction of 30-40%
    Higher welding speeds
    Reduction of edge preparation accuracy needs
    Control of seam width
    Control of metallurgical variables through the
    addition of filler wire
    Less material hardening
    Improved process reliability
    Higher electrical efficiency, up to 50% in
    power consumption
    Limitations of HLAW
    Precise alignment and strict part fit-up are required to
    maintain weld consistency and quality with HLAW
    Hybrid laser arc welding is only used in mechanized or
    automated applications
    Because of the small focal spot diameter of the laser beam,
    thick-section butt joints with a gap exceeding 1 mm (0.039
    in.) are difficult to weld
    HLAW (the low heat input and fast cooling rates), mechanical
    properties of the as-welded condition may ,be poorer than MP
    from arc welding process with higher heat inputs
    Due to the expensive laser equipment, capital cost for HLAW
    systems can be 10 to 50 times higher than GMAW systems
    additional safety measures are necessary with HLAW to
    protect personnel from laser hazards
    http://www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/22533690/05264G_Sample_BuyNow.pdf/12bdd4e6-d526-
    Applications of HLAW
    Automotive Volkswagen and Audi Lasers from 24 kW
    Welding Speed 4m/min
    MAYER in Germany Lasers > 6 kW for
    Shipbuilding KVAERNER in Finland Nd:YAG
    FINCANTIERI in Italy Lasers > 25 kW for CO2
    lasers
    Pipe lines and Improve weld quality and Welding speed > 1.2
    offshore reduce manufacturing costs of m/min for a wall
    installations pipe lines thickness of 5-8 mm
    Aerospace High quality welds in thin
    and aviation titanium alloys with very good
    industry results
    Power Applied in a multiple pass Thick plates of over 15
    generation mode mm
    Off road and Domestic appliances, railways
    heavy vehicle and chemical (the joining of
    tanks and tubes designed for
    chemical
    plants, often made of stainless
    steel)
    Conclusions
    HLAW has gained significant industrial attention
    Various joint configurations can be hybrid welded at
    high speed
    The displacement between the laser beam and the
    arc modifies the weld pool shape
    During hybrid welding the melt pool is significantly
    enlarged, permitting more extensive melt flow
    Energy transfer is the result of the electrode current,
    shielding gas convention and laser beam absorption
    the weld seam shape is governed by the wire
    feeding rate relative to welding speed and gap
    width

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