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    Basic Chest X-Ray Interpretation

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    Ezekiel Arteta
    An arterial blood gas test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as well as blood pH. It is performed by inserting a needle into an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin, to collect a blood sample. The sample must be quickly analyzed to provide accurate results about respiratory function and oxygen therapy effectiveness. Risks are low but may include bleeding, bruising, or infection at the puncture site.

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    Basic Chest X-Ray Interpretation

    Uploaded by

    Ezekiel Arteta
    215 views40 pages
    An arterial blood gas test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as well as blood pH. It is performed by inserting a needle into an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin, to collect a blood sample. The sample must be quickly analyzed to provide accurate results about respiratory function and oxygen therapy effectiveness. Risks are low but may include bleeding, bruising, or infection at the puncture site.

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    Basic Chest X-Ray Interpretation

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    An arterial blood gas test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as well as blood pH. It is performed by inserting a needle into an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin, to collect a blood sample. The sample must be quickly analyzed to provide accurate results about respiratory function and oxygen therapy effectiveness. Risks are low but may include bleeding, bruising, or infection at the puncture site.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    215 views40 pages

    Basic Chest X-Ray Interpretation

    Uploaded by

    Ezekiel Arteta
    An arterial blood gas test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as well as blood pH. It is performed by inserting a needle into an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin, to collect a blood sample. The sample must be quickly analyzed to provide accurate results about respiratory function and oxygen therapy effectiveness. Risks are low but may include bleeding, bruising, or infection at the puncture site.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that chest x-rays can be used to visualize different tissues in the body based on their absorption of x-rays, with bone appearing white, soft tissue appearing grey, and air appearing black. A systematic approach should be used to interpret chest x-rays.

    The different views that can be seen on a chest x-ray include PA (posteroanterior) view, where the x-rays are taken from back to front, and AP (anteroposterior) view, where x-rays are taken from front to back. The width of the heart and mediastinum appears larger on AP films.

    The steps involved in systematically interpreting a chest x-ray are identification, technique, and interpretation. Identification includes verifying patient details and film orientation. Technique analysis the quality, positioning, penetration and adequacy of inspiration. Interpretation involves examining all anatomical areas for any abnormalities.

    Basic Chest X-Ray

    Interpretation

    Different tissues in our body


    absorb X-rays at different extents:
    Bone- high absorption (white)
    Tissue- somewhere in the middle
    absorption (grey)
    Air- low absorption (black)

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    IDENTIFICATION
    TECHNIQUE

    INTERPRETATION

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation
    IDENTIFICATION
    Correct patient
    Correct date & time
    Correct examination
    Right vs. Left side (gastric bubble)
    Comparison film.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    IDENTIFICATION
    TECHNIQUE

    INTERPRETATION

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    TECHNIQUE

    Complete exam
    All views
    Entire anatomical area included.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation
    TECHNIQUE, cont.
    Projection or Quality of the film:
    First determine is the film a PA or AP view.
    PA- the x-rays penetrate through the back of the
    patient on to the film.
    AP-the x-rays penetrate through the front of the
    patient on to the film.
    The width of heart & mediastinum larger on AP film.

    All x-rays in the ICU are portable and are AP


    view

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    TECHNIQUE, cont.
    Position
    Erect.
    Supine.

    Lateral position.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation
    TECHNIQUE, cont.
    Penetration
    Over-penetrated dark films can
    obscure subtle pathologies.
    Under-penetrated white films
    may given impression of diffuse
    increased density.

    Is the film over or under


    penetrated?

    If under penetrated
    you will not be able
    to see the thoracic
    vertebrae.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    TECHNIQUE, cont.

    Adequacy (full Inspiration)

    Normal, erect, inspiratory CXR shows


    9.5-10.5 posterior ribs.
    Less inspiration appears diffusely
    denser
    Diaphragms elevated causing heart &
    mediastinum to appear enlarged.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    TECHNIQUE, cont.
    Rotation

    Determine by observing the equal


    distance between the medial clavicular
    head and the spinous process of the
    thoracic vertebral body.

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    IDENTIFICATION
    TECHNIQUE

    INTERPRETATION

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation
    INTERPRETATION

    Extraneous material
    Contrast
    Lines, tubes, clips
    All properly located?
    Bones
    Fracture, dislocation
    Mineralization
    Soft tissues
    Asymmetry
    Calcifications

    Systematic CXR
    Interpretation

    INTERPRETATION
    Diaphragms & Below
    Free air
    Dilated bowel
    Abnormal position
    Lung fields & mediastinum
    Asymmetry , central mediastinum
    Consolidation (opacity), nodule or
    lesion
    Vascular marking.
    Heart
    Size & shape
    Cardiothoracic ratio

    CONSOLIDATION

    CONSOLIDATION

    Congestive Heart
    Failure

    TENSION
    PNEUMOTHORAX

    Air under the


    diaphragm

    ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS

    Arterial Blood Gas


    Definition
    Blood gases is a measurement of
    how much oxygen (O2) and carbon
    dioxide (CO2) is in your blood.
    It also determines the acidity (pH) of
    your blood.

    Arterial Blood Gas


    Why the Test is Performed ?
    To evaluate respiratory diseases and
    conditions that affect the lungs.
    It helps determine the effectiveness
    of oxygen therapy.

    Arterial Blood Gas


    How the Test is Performed?
    Usually, blood is taken from an artery.
    The blood may be collected from the radial artery
    in the wrist, the femoral artery in the groin, or the
    brachial artery in the arm.
    May test circulation to the hand before taking a
    sample of blood from the wrist area.
    Insert a small needle through the skin into the
    artery
    (You can use (anesthesia) applied to the site before the test
    begins).

    Arterial Blood Gas


    How the Test is Performed
    In rare cases, blood from a vein may be used.
    After the blood is taken, pressure is applied to
    the site for a few minutes to stop the bleeding.
    Watch the site for signs of bleeding or
    circulation problems.
    The sample must be quickly sent to a
    laboratory for analysis to ensure accurate
    results.

    Arterial Blood Gas


    How to Prepare for the Test
    There is no special preparation.
    If you are on oxygen therapy, the
    oxygen concentration must remain
    constant for 20 minutes before the test.

    Arterial Blood Gas


    How the Test Will Feel
    You may feel brief cramping or
    throbbing at the puncture site

    Arterial Blood Gas


    Risks
    There is very little risk when the
    procedure is done correctly.
    Veins and arteries vary in size from one
    patient to another and from one side of
    the body to the other.
    Taking blood from some people may be
    more difficult than from others.

    Arterial Blood Gas


    Other risks associated with this
    test may include:

    Bleeding at the puncture site


    Blood flow problems at puncture site (rare)
    Bruising at the puncture site
    Delayed bleeding at the puncture site
    Fainting or feeling light-headed
    Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
    Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is
    broken)

    Arterial Blood Gas

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