Spring Framework

[email protected]

What is Spring?
-

Spring is the most popular

application development framework
for enterprise Java. Millions of
developers use Spring to create
high performing, easily testable,
reusable code without any lock-in.

The Spring Projects

Spring
MVC
Spring
Batch

Spring
WebFlow

Spring

Spring
Boots

Framework

Spring
Data

Spring
Security

Spring
Integration
And
...

Overview

History

Goal

Spring Modules

Spring Triangle

Spring Framework History (1)

The first version was written by Rod Johnson

Rod Johnson: Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development

First released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003

Milestone releases in 2004 and 2005

Awards

Jolt productivity award

JAX Innovation award

Spring Framework History (2)

Spring 4.0 (released Dec, 2013)

Support java 1.8

WebSocket, SockJS, and STOMP Messaging

Spring 3.0 (released Dec 2009)

Java 1.5+

REST support, SpEL, more annotations, JavaConfig

Spring 2.5 (released Nov 2007)

Java 1.4+

XML namespaces, annotations

Spring 2.0 (released Oct 2006)

Java 1.3+

AspectJ support, JPA

Goals

Make J2EE easier to use

Make the common tasks easier

Promote good programming practice

You can focus on your application problems

What is Spring Framework today?

An open source application framework

A lightweight solution for enterprise applications

Non-invasive (POJO based)

Is modular

Extendable for other frameworks

de-facto standard of Java Enterprise Application

Spring Modules

Core container

Core and Beans

Context

provide the fundamental parts of the framework, including IoC and Dependency
Injection features

It is a mean to access objects in a framework-style manner that is similar to a JNDI

registry

Expression language

provides a powerful expression language for querying and manipulating an object

graph at runtime

AOP, Aspect, Instrumentation

AOP

Aspect

provides an AOP Alliance-compliant aspect-oriented programming implementation

allowing you to define, for example, method-interceptors and pointcuts to cleanly
decouple code that implements functionality that should be separated

provides integration with AspectJ

Instrumentation

provides class instrumentation support and class loader implementations to be used

in certain application servers

Data Access/Integration

JDBC

ORM

provides a JDBC-abstraction layer

provides integration layers for popular object-relational mapping APIs, including JPA,
JDO, Hibernate and iBatis

OXM

provides an abstraction layer that supports Object/XML mapping implementations for

JAXB, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX and XStream.

Data Access/Integration

JMS

contains features for producing and consuming messages.

Transaction

supports programmatic and declarative transaction management

WEB

The Web layer consists of the spring-web, spring-webmvc, spring-websocket, and springwebmvc-portlet modules.

Springs WEB (spring-web)

WEB-Servlet (spring-webmvc )

provides basic web-oriented integration features

Springs model-view-controller (MVC) implantation

WEB-Portlet (spring-webmvc-portlet)

provides the MVC implementation to be used in a portlet environment

Test

The spring-test

supports the unit testing and integration testing of Spring components with JUnit
or TestNG. It provides consistent loading of Spring ApplicationContexts and
caching of those contexts. It also provides mock objects that you can use to test
your code in isolation.

Typical full-fledged Spring web application

Typical full-fledged Spring web application

Using a third-party web framework

Remoting usage scenario

Wrapping existing POJOs (EJB)

De
pe
nd
en
cy

P
AO

Inj

ec
tio
n

The Spring triangle

POJO

Enterprise Service Abstractions

IoC Container

What is IoC (Dependency Injection)

Packages

org.springframework.beans

org.springframework.context

BeanFactory

provides the configuration framework and basic functionality

ApplicationContext

a sub-interface of BeanFactory, represents the Spring IoC container, adds more enterprisespecific functionality

IoC Container

The bean definition

contains the
information

IoC Container

Configuration metadata

IoC Container

Instantiating a container

BeanFactory

What is Bean?

The objects that form the backbone of your application and that are
managed by the Spring IoC Container are called beans

configuration metadata

which is needed for the container to know:

How to create a bean

Bean's lifecycle details

Bean's dependencies

The bean definition

Properties

Description

class

This attribute is mandatory and specify the bean class to be used to

create the bean.

name

This attribute specifies the bean identifier uniquely. In XML-based

configuration metadata, you use the id and/or name attributes to
specify the bean identifier(s).

scope

This attribute specifies the scope of the objects created from a

particular bean definition

constructor-arg

This is used to inject the dependencies

properties

This is used to inject the dependencies

autowiring mode

This is used to inject the dependencies

lazy-initialization mode

A lazy-initialized bean tells the IoC container to create a bean instance

when it is first requested, rather than at startup.

initialization method

A callback to be called just after all necessary properties on the bean

have been set by the container.

destruction method

A callback to be used when the container containing the bean is

destroyed.

Dependency Injection
No

Dependency Injection Type & Description

Constructor-based dependency injection

Constructor-based DI is accomplished when the
container invokes a class constructor with a number of
arguments, each representing a dependency on other
class.

Setter-based dependency injection

Setter-based DI is accomplished by the container
calling setter methods on your beans after invoking a
no-argument constructor or no-argument static factory
method to instantiate your bean.

Constructor-based Dependency Injection

Setter-based Dependency Injection

Dependencies and configuration in detail

Straight values (primitives, Strings, and so on)

References to other beans

Inner Beans

Collections

Straight values

References to other beans

Idref

Or

Inner Beans

Aliases

Injecting Collections
Element

Description

<list>

This helps in wiring ie injecting a list of values,

allowing duplicates.

<set>

This helps in wiring a set of values but without any

duplicates.

<map>

This can be used to inject a collection of name-value

pairs where name and value can be of any type.

<props>

This can be used to inject a collection of name-value

pairs where the name and value are both Strings.

Injecting Collections

Bean Scopes
Scope

Description

singleton

This scopes the bean definition to a single instance per Spring

IoC container (default).

prototype

This scopes a single bean definition to have any number of

object instances.

scope

This attribute specifies the scope of the objects created from a particular bean
definition

request

This scopes a bean definition to an HTTP request. Only valid

in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.

session

This scopes a bean definition to an HTTP session. Only valid

in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.

global-session

This scopes a bean definition to a global HTTP session. Only

valid in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.

Bean Life Cycle

Initialization

InitializingBean

void afterPropertiesSet() throws

Exception;

Destruction

DisposableBean

void destroy() throws Exception;

ApplicationContextAware

How can we a Singleton Bean A call to None-Singleton B?

How can we call a bean in static method?

BeanPostProcessor

defines callback methods that you can implement to provide your own
instantiation logic, dependency-resolution logic etc

BeanFactoryPostProcessor

Customizing configuration metadata

It happens before other bean is initialized by spring container

http://www.dineshonjava.com/2012/07/writing-beanfactorypostprocessor-in.html#.VQWYyI7syM8

Spring Beans Auto-Wiring

Autowiring Modes:
Mode

Description

no

This is default setting which means no autowiring and you

should use explicit bean reference for wiring. You have nothing
to do special for this wiring.

byName

Autowiring by property name. Spring container looks at

the properties of the beans on which autowire attribute is set to
byName in the XML configuration file.

byType

Autowiring by property datatype.

constructor

Similar to byType, but type applies to constructor arguments.

autodetect

Spring first tries to wire using autowire by constructor, if it does

not work, Spring tries to autowire by byType.

Limitations with autowiring

Limitations

Description

Overriding possibility

You can still specify dependencies using <constructor-arg>

and <property> settings which will always override autowiring.

Primitive data types

You cannot autowire so-called simple properties such as

primitives, Strings, and Classes.

Confusing nature

Autowiring is less exact than explicit wiring, so if possible

prefer using explict wiring.

Spring Annotation Based Configuration

Annotation injection is performed before XML injection

Annotation wiring is not turned on in the Spring container by default.

Spring Annotation Based Configuration (a

few important)
No

Annotation & Description

@Required: The @Required annotation applies to bean

property setter methods.

@Autowired: The @Autowired annotation can apply to bean

property setter methods, non-setter methods, constructor and
properties.

@Qualifier: The @Qualifier annotation along with @Autowired

can be used to remove the confusion by specifiying which
exact bean will be wired.

JSR-250 Annotations: Spring supports JSR-250 based

annotations which include @Resource, @PostConstruct and
@PreDestroy annotations.

Spring @Required Annotation

indicates that the affected bean property must be populated in XML

configuration file
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/spring/spring_required_annotation.htm

Spring @Autowired Annotation

@Autowired on Setter Methods

@Autowired on Properties

@Autowired on Constructors

@Autowired with (required=false) option

@Qualifier

The JSR 250 Anotations

@PostConstruct and @PreDestroy

use @PostConstruct annotation as an

alternate of initialization callback and
@PreDestroy annotation as an alternate of
destruction callback

@Resource Annotation

Component and stereotype Anotations

@Component

@Repository

A class that serves in the persistence layer of the

application as a data access object (DAO)

@Service

Generic stereotype

A class that is a business service

@Controller

A controller component in the presentation layer of the

application, as it relates to a MVC-designed application

Component and stereotype Anotations

Component and stereotype Anotations

MessageSource

For i18n

Event Handling

Event handling in the ApplicationContext is provided through the

ApplicationEvent class and ApplicationListener interface
every time an ApplicationEvent gets published to the ApplicationContext, that
bean is notified

Event Handling
No

Spring Built-in Events & Description

ContextRefreshedEvent.
This event is published when the ApplicationContext is either initialized or
refreshed

ContextStartedEvent.
This event is published when the ApplicationContext is started using the start()
method on the ConfigurableApplicationContext interface

ContextStoppedEvent
This event is published when the ApplicationContext is stopped using the
stop() method on the ConfigurableApplicationContext interface

ContextClosedEvent
This event is published when the ApplicationContext is closed using the close()
method on the ConfigurableApplicationContext interface..A closed context
reaches its end of life; it cannot be refreshed or restarted.

RequestHandledEvent
This is a web-specific event telling all beans that an HTTP request has been
serviced.

Listening to Context Events

Custom Events in Spring

public class CustomEvent extends ApplicationEvent

public class CustomEventPublisher implements
ApplicationEventPublisherAware