Introduction To Information Technology

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
he Harvards Academy
OUR AIM IS EXCELLENCE
WELCOME TO
THE HARVARDS
LAHORE CAMPUS
COURSE CONTENTS
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
MICROSOFT WINDOWS
OPERATION SYSTEM & SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
INTERNET
LAN / LOCAL AREA NETWORK
TROUBLESHOOTING
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Computer technology directly correlates with Information
Technology (IT). Computer Information technology (CIT)
is the use and study of computers, networks, computer
languages, and databases within an organization to solve
real problems. CIT prepares students for applications
programming, networking, systems administration, and
internet development. Most effective & basic unit of IT is
Computer.
COMPUTER
The word computer is derived form Latin word
Computere which means to count or solve.
Definition: An electronic device which is capable of
receiving information (data) and performing a
sequence of operations to produce a result in the form
of information.
Input- users enter raw facts
(i.e. words, numbers, images
etc.)
Process - raw data is
manipulated into meaningful
information
Outputinformation
is
displayed to users on the
screen or in a report
Storeresults - information
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Generations
First Generation
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Generation
Generation
Generation
of Computers
FIRST GENERATION
FIRST GENERATION
SECOND GENERATION
THIRD GENERATION
FOURTH GENERATION
FIFTH GENERATION
FIFTH GENERATION
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
CONCLUSION
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Types
Digital
Analog
Hybrid
of Computers
Computers
Computers
ANALOG COMPUTERS
Analog computers are used to process analog data. It
measures continuous changes in some physical
quantity e.g. The Speedometer of a car measures
speed, the change of temperature is measured by a
Thermometer, the weight is measured by Weights
machine. These computers are ideal in situations
where data can be accepted directly from measuring
instrument without having to convert it into numbers
or codes.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
A Digital Computer, works with digits to represent numerals, letters or

other special symbols. Digital Computers operate on inputs which are
ON-OFF type and its output is also in the form of ON-OFF signal.
Normally, an ON is represented by a 1 and an OFF is represented by a
0.
A digital computer can be used to process numeric as well as nonnumeric data. It can perform arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division and also logical operations. Most
of the computers available today are digital computers. The most
common examples of digital computers are accounting machines and
calculators.
The results of digital computers are more accurate than the results of
analog computers. Analog computers are faster than digital. Analog
computers lack memory whereas digital computers store information.
We can say that digital computers count and analog computers
measures.
HYBRID COMPUTERS
A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog
computers. It combines the best features of both types
of computers, i-e. It has the speed of analog computer
and the memory and accuracy of digital computer. For
example a petrol pump contains a processor that
converts fuel flow measurements into quantity and
price values. In hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU), an
analog device is used which measures patient's blood
pressure and temperature etc, which are then
converted and displayed in the form of digits.
TYPES OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

There are four types of digital computer:
Micro computers:
In which the various integrated circuits and elements of a

computer are replaced by single integrated circuit called a chip. Examples are the IBM
pc, Apple Macintoshes, Dell.
Mini computers:
Physically small computers compared with mainframes.
Main frame computers:
Large general purpose computes with extensive

processing, storage and input/ output capabilities.
Super computers:
A large and very powerful mainframe computer is called a

supercomputer. The Cray X-MP is an example of supercomputer.
BITS AND BYTES

1 bit = 1 or 0
4 bits = 1 nybble
8 bits = 1 byte (B)
1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Hardware
Physical parts of computer which you can physically
touch or see such as monitor, case, disk drives,
microprocessor and other physical parts.
Software
The Programs that run on your PC. You can not
physically touch a program. Like MS Office, Windows
XP, Photoshop etc
OPERATING SYSTEM (SOFTWARE)
MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER
MOTHERBOARD
PERIPHERALS
PERIPHERALS
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
HARD DISK (HDD)
MOUSE
KEYBOARD
COMPUTER BASIC FUNCTIONS

The four basic computer functions are mentioned
below:
The functions are
InputThe computer gathers data or allows a
user to add data.
ProcessData is converted into information.
OutputThe
processed
results
from
the
computer.
StorageData or information is stored for
future use.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
Any of various devices (including sensors) used to enter

information and instructions into a computer for storage
or processing are called INPUT devices
Key Board, Mouse, Track Ball, Joy Stick, Scanner, Bar
Code Reader (BCR), Digital Camera, Touch Screen, Touch
Pad, Light Pen
An output device is any device used to send data

from a computer to another device or user
Monitor
Printers (all types)
Plotters
Projector
LCD Projection Panels
Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
Speaker(s)
DESKTOP
COPY AND PASTE A FILE FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER
HOW TO LOCATE AND OPEN A SAVED FILE
ACCESSING A CD-ROM
OPENING & CLOSING

SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
YOUR MOUSE CAN BE A VERY VERSATILE HELPER

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INTRODUCTION TO

OUR AIM IS EXCELLENCE

A Digital Computer, works with digits to represent numerals, letters or

TYPES OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

In which the various integrated circuits and elements of a

Physically small computers compared with mainframes.

Main frame computers:

Large general purpose computes with extensive

A large and very powerful mainframe computer is called a

BITS AND BYTES

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM (SOFTWARE)

MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

HARD DISK (HDD)

COMPUTER BASIC FUNCTIONS

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Any of various devices (including sensors) used to enter

An output device is any device used to send data

COPY AND PASTE A FILE FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER

HOW TO LOCATE AND OPEN A SAVED FILE

OPENING & CLOSING

YOUR MOUSE CAN BE A VERY VERSATILE HELPER

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