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    Rga

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    Gesang Rakhmad Utomo
    The Relative Gain Array (RGA) is an analytical tool used to determine optimal input-output variable pairings for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The RGA is defined by a matrix where each value represents the relationship between a specific input and output. Values of 1 indicate a direct relationship, while other values provide information about pairings. Decoupling control can be used to reduce interactions between control loops by adding additional "cross controllers" designed to cancel out the effects of other inputs on the controlled variables. The design equations for decoupling controllers are based on having the cross controller transfer functions equal to the negative ratio of relevant open loop process transfer functions.

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    Rga

    Uploaded by

    Gesang Rakhmad Utomo
    185 views19 pages
    The Relative Gain Array (RGA) is an analytical tool used to determine optimal input-output variable pairings for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The RGA is defined by a matrix where each value represents the relationship between a specific input and output. Values of 1 indicate a direct relationship, while other values provide information about pairings. Decoupling control can be used to reduce interactions between control loops by adding additional "cross controllers" designed to cancel out the effects of other inputs on the controlled variables. The design equations for decoupling controllers are based on having the cross controller transfer functions equal to the negative ratio of relevant open loop process transfer functions.

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    The Relative Gain Array (RGA) is an analytical tool used to determine optimal input-output variable pairings for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The RGA is defined by a matrix where each value represents the relationship between a specific input and output. Values of 1 indicate a direct relationship, while other values provide information about pairings. Decoupling control can be used to reduce interactions between control loops by adding additional "cross controllers" designed to cancel out the effects of other inputs on the controlled variables. The design equations for decoupling controllers are based on having the cross controller transfer functions equal to the negative ratio of relevant open loop process transfer functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    185 views19 pages

    Rga

    Uploaded by

    Gesang Rakhmad Utomo
    The Relative Gain Array (RGA) is an analytical tool used to determine optimal input-output variable pairings for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The RGA is defined by a matrix where each value represents the relationship between a specific input and output. Values of 1 indicate a direct relationship, while other values provide information about pairings. Decoupling control can be used to reduce interactions between control loops by adding additional "cross controllers" designed to cancel out the effects of other inputs on the controlled variables. The design equations for decoupling controllers are based on having the cross controller transfer functions equal to the negative ratio of relevant open loop process transfer functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Interpreting the RGA

    What is the RGA?


    Relative Gain Array is an analytical tool used to
    determine the optimal input-output variable
    pairings for a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO)
    system.

    Example of RGA Analysis: 2 x 2 system


    Steady-state process model,

    Chapter 18

    Y1 K11U1 K12U 2
    Y2 K 21U1 K 22U 2
    The RGA is defined as:
    11 12

    22
    21

    RGA

    where the relative gain, ij, relates the ith controlled


    variable and the jth manipulated variable

    open - loop gain


    ij
    closed - loop gain

    Scaling Properties:

    Chapter 18

    i) ij is dimensionless
    ii)


    ij

    ij

    1.0

    For 2 x 2 system,
    1
    11
    ,
    K K
    1 12 21
    K11K 22

    12 1 11 21

    Recommended Controller Pairing


    Corresponds to the ij which has the largest positive
    value.

    Significance of the RGA


    Below is a general relative gain array

    Significance of the RGA


    Below is a general relative gain array
    Different columns represent the different
    manipulated (input) variables

    Significance of the RGA


    Below is a general relative gain array
    Different columns represent the different
    manipulated (input) variables
    Different rows represent the different controlled
    (output) variables

    Significance of the RGA


    The values in the array describe the relationship
    between the input and output variables
    Negative values indicate an unstable
    relationship
    A value of 0 indicates no relationship
    A value of 1 indicates that specific input variable
    is the only influence on that output variable

    Example 1
    Assume a mixing tank with constant mass and two
    inputs as shown below:

    wA and wB are manipulated flowrates entering the tank


    w is the flowrate leaving the tank and xA is the
    concentration of A in the tank
    Example from
    http://eweb.chemeng.ed.ac.uk/courses/control/restricted/course/advanced/casestudy/exercise2.html

    Example 1 (cont.)
    This process can be
    modeled by the
    following equations:
    w = wA + wB
    xA = wA/(wA + wB)

    The RGA can be


    solved for this
    system:

    x
    R e la tiv e G a in A r r a y
    1 x

    1 x
    x

    Example 1

    Solution
    What does the RGA tell us?
    If a concentration of xA=0.5 is desired, either
    wA or wB can be used
    If a concentration of xA>0.5 is desired, then
    the concentration loop should be paired with
    wA
    If a concentration of xA<0.5 is desired, then
    the concentration loop should be paired with
    wB

    Example 2
    Run

    R(kg/min)

    S(kg/min)

    xD

    xB

    125

    22

    0.97

    0.04

    150

    22

    0.93

    0.06

    150

    20

    0.91

    0.08

    Adapted from
    http://eweb.chemeng.ed.ac.uk/courses/control/restricted/course/advanced/casestudy/exercise2.html

    1
    11
    K12 K 21
    1
    K11 K 22

    x
    R e la tiv e G a in A r r a y
    1 x

    1 x
    x

    Example 2

    Solution
    RGA Matrix
    2

    -1

    -1

    Pairing of variables: RGA matrix value


    should be 1)positive, then 2)close to 1.
    Because each combination has only one
    positive value, that is the combination to
    be paired (R,xD and P,xB)

    Example 3
    Suppose you
    calculate the following
    RGA matrix. How
    should pairing of the
    variables occur?

    -.25

    1.25

    0.75

    0.8

    -0.55

    0.5

    0.2

    0.3

    Example 3

    Solution
    In the first row,
    only x3 gives a
    positive result, and
    then we go with
    the closest values
    to 1 for the others.
    y1,x3
    y2,x2
    y3,x1

    -.25

    1.25

    0.75

    0.8

    -0.55

    0.5

    0.2

    0.3

    Decoupling Control Systems

    Chapter 18

    Basic Idea: Use additional controllers to compensate for process


    interactions and thus reduce control loop interactions
    Ideally, decoupling control allows setpoint changes to affect only
    the desired controlled variables.
    Typically, decoupling controllers are designed using a simple
    process model (e.g. steady state model or transfer function model)

    Chapter 18

    Design Equations:
    We want cross-controller, GC12, to cancel out the effect of U2 on Y1.
    Thus, we would like,

    Chapter 18

    T12GP11U 2 GP12U 2 0
    Since U2 0 (in general), then

    GP12
    T12
    GP11
    Similarly, we want G21 to cancel the effect of M1 on C2. Thus, we
    require that...

    T21GP 22U1 GP 21U1 0


    T21

    GP 21
    GP 22

    cf. with design equations for FF control based on block diagram


    analysis

    Process Interaction

    Chater 18

    Corrective Action (via cross-controller or decoupler).


    Ideal Decouplers:

    GP12 ( s )
    T12 ( s )
    GP11 ( s )
    GP 21 ( s )
    T21 ( s )
    GP 22 ( s )

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