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    Frothfloatation

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    Siri Nal
    This document provides an overview of froth flotation, which is a process for selectively separating minerals from ore. It works by taking advantage of differences in the surfaces of minerals - making the surfaces of valuable minerals hydrophobic so they can attach to air bubbles. The document outlines the principal steps of froth flotation including liberation, establishing a hydrophobic film, and bubble promotion. It also classifies minerals as either polar or non-polar and discusses the types of reagents used like collectors, frothers, activators, depressants, and pH modifiers to selectively separate minerals in the flotation process.

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    Frothfloatation

    Uploaded by

    Siri Nal
    66 views13 pages
    This document provides an overview of froth flotation, which is a process for selectively separating minerals from ore. It works by taking advantage of differences in the surfaces of minerals - making the surfaces of valuable minerals hydrophobic so they can attach to air bubbles. The document outlines the principal steps of froth flotation including liberation, establishing a hydrophobic film, and bubble promotion. It also classifies minerals as either polar or non-polar and discusses the types of reagents used like collectors, frothers, activators, depressants, and pH modifiers to selectively separate minerals in the flotation process.

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    This document provides an overview of froth flotation, which is a process for selectively separating minerals from ore. It works by taking advantage of differences in the surfaces of minerals - making the surfaces of valuable minerals hydrophobic so they can attach to air bubbles. The document outlines the principal steps of froth flotation including liberation, establishing a hydrophobic film, and bubble promotion. It also classifies minerals as either polar or non-polar and discusses the types of reagents used like collectors, frothers, activators, depressants, and pH modifiers to selectively separate minerals in the flotation process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views13 pages

    Frothfloatation

    Uploaded by

    Siri Nal
    This document provides an overview of froth flotation, which is a process for selectively separating minerals from ore. It works by taking advantage of differences in the surfaces of minerals - making the surfaces of valuable minerals hydrophobic so they can attach to air bubbles. The document outlines the principal steps of froth flotation including liberation, establishing a hydrophobic film, and bubble promotion. It also classifies minerals as either polar or non-polar and discusses the types of reagents used like collectors, frothers, activators, depressants, and pH modifiers to selectively separate minerals in the flotation process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Froth Floatation

    Presented By:
    Gulfam Hussain

    Introduction
    Floatation is an extractive process where

    various minerals
    extracted.

    can

    be

    selectively

    Flotation is a selective process and can be

    used to achieve specific separations from


    complex ores.
    For example, in poly-metal ores such as Pb-

    Zn-Cu, floatation allows separate extraction


    of Pb, Cu and Zn.

    Principal of froth
    floatation
    Flotation is a physico-chemical separation process

    that utilises the difference in surface properties of


    the valuable minerals and the unwanted gangue
    minerals.
    1. Selective attachment to air bubbles (or "true

    flotation").
    2. Entrainment in the water which passes through the
    froth.
    3. Physical entrapment between particles in the froth
    attached to air bubbles (often referred to as
    "aggregation").

    Steps involved mineral recovery


    through floatation
    1. Liberation
    2. Establish hydrophobic film on minerals that
    are not
    naturally hydrophobic.
    3. Promote bubble formation.

    Classification of minerals
    o Polar
    o Non-polar

    All minerals are classified into polar or non-polar


    types according to their surface characteristics.
    Since water is a polar molecule, polar mineral
    surfaces tend to be hydrophyllic
    Whereas, nonpolar mineral surfaces tend to be
    hydrophobic.
    The goal is to make the mineral surface
    hydrophobic so the minerals will attach to the
    bubbles in the froth.

    Classification of polar minerals


    Group 1

    Group 2

    Group 3(a)

    Galena
    Covellite
    Bornite
    Chalcocite
    Chalcopyrit
    e
    Stibnite
    Argentite
    Bismuthinit
    e
    Millerite
    Cobaltite
    Arsenopyrit
    e
    Pyrite
    Sphalerite
    Orpiment
    Pentlandite

    Barite
    Anhydrit
    Gypsum
    Anglesit

    Cerrusite
    Malachit
    Azurite
    Wulfenit

    Group 4

    Hematite
    Magnetite
    Gothite
    Chromite
    Ilmenite
    Group 3(b) Corundum
    Fluorite
    Pyrolusite
    Calcite
    Limonite
    Witherite
    Borax
    Magnesite
    Wolframit
    Dolomite
    e
    Apatite
    Columbite
    Scheelite
    Tantalite
    Smithsonite Rutile
    Rhodochrosi Cassiterite
    te
    Siderite
    Monazite

    Group 5
    Zircon
    Willemite
    Hemimorp
    hite
    Beryl
    Feldspar
    Sillimanite
    Garnet
    Quartz

    Degree of polarity of mineral types:

    Sulfides < sulfates < carbonates < phosphates


    <
    oxides < hydroxides < silicates.
    The

    surfaces of non-polar minerals are


    characterised by relatively weak molecular
    bonds. The minerals are composed of covalent
    molecules held together by van der Waals
    forces, and the non-polar surfaces do not
    readily attach to the water dipoles, and in
    consequence are hydrophobic.
    Types of non-polar mineral include:
    Coal, oil, molybdenite, diamond, talc, gold

    Collectors
    Render minerals hydrophobic by attaching to the

    surface of mineral particles.


    A collectors polar head will attach to a polar
    mineral surface, leaving the nonpolar tails
    toward the surrounding water molecules,
    rendering the mineral hydrophobic,
    Fig 2: interaction of collector with mineral
    surface

    Frothers
    Produces stable bubbles for hydrophobic

    particles to attach.
    When the mineral surfaces have been
    rendered hydrophobic by the collector, the
    frother is meant to produce a stable bubble.
    Frothers also act as collectors, which can
    lead to decreased selectivity.
    Some collectors are such good frothers as
    well that they stabilize the froth so much as
    to reduce their transportability.
    Example frothers include pine oil and MIBC
    (methyl isobutyl carbinol).

    Regulators
    Regulators,

    or
    modifiers,
    are
    used
    extensively in flotation to modify the action
    of the collector, either by intensifying or by
    reducing its water-repellent effect on the
    mineral surface.
    Regulators can be classed as activators,
    depressants, or pH modifiers.

    Activators
    These reagents alter the chemical nature of

    mineral surfaces so that they become


    hydrophobic due to the action of the
    collector.
    Activators are generally soluble salts which
    ionise in solution, the ions then reacting
    with the mineral surface.
    A classical example is the activation of
    sphalerite by copper in solution
    ZnS + Cu 2

    CuS + Zn 2+

    Depressants
    Depression

    is used to increase the


    selectivity of flotation by rendering certain
    minerals hydrophilic (water-avid), thus
    preventing their flotation.
    They are key to the economic flotation of
    certain ores such as platinum and nickel
    sulphides.
    There are many types of depressants and
    their actions are complex and varied, and in
    most cases not fully understood, making
    depression more difficult to control than the
    application of other types of reagent,
    particularly when the froth phase is also

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