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    Steam is commonly used to sterilize fermentation media because it is heat-stable, while filtration is preferred for animal cell culture media that contain heat-labile components. The destruction of microorganisms by steam can be modeled as a first-order chemical reaction where the log of surviving microbes decreases linearly over time. Specifically, the number of surviving microbes (Nt) after a treatment time (t) can be expressed as an exponential function of the initial number (N0) and the specific death rate constant (kd), which increases with temperature. Therefore, plotting the log of the surviving fraction versus time results in a straight line relationship that can be used to determine kd and calculate sterilization times.

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    Steam is commonly used to sterilize fermentation media because it is heat-stable, while filtration is preferred for animal cell culture media that contain heat-labile components. The destruction of microorganisms by steam can be modeled as a first-order chemical reaction where the log of surviving microbes decreases linearly over time. Specifically, the number of surviving microbes (Nt) after a treatment time (t) can be expressed as an exponential function of the initial number (N0) and the specific death rate constant (kd), which increases with temperature. Therefore, plotting the log of the surviving fraction versus time results in a straight line relationship that can be used to determine kd and calculate sterilization times.

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    Steam is commonly used to sterilize fermentation media because it is heat-stable, while filtration is preferred for animal cell culture media that contain heat-labile components. The destruction of microorganisms by steam can be modeled as a first-order chemical reaction where the log of surviving microbes decreases linearly over time. Specifically, the number of surviving microbes (Nt) after a treatment time (t) can be expressed as an exponential function of the initial number (N0) and the specific death rate constant (kd), which increases with temperature. Therefore, plotting the log of the surviving fraction versus time results in a straight line relationship that can be used to determine kd and calculate sterilization times.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    69 views13 pages

    2 2

    Uploaded by

    Raihanul Haque
    Steam is commonly used to sterilize fermentation media because it is heat-stable, while filtration is preferred for animal cell culture media that contain heat-labile components. The destruction of microorganisms by steam can be modeled as a first-order chemical reaction where the log of surviving microbes decreases linearly over time. Specifically, the number of surviving microbes (Nt) after a treatment time (t) can be expressed as an exponential function of the initial number (N0) and the specific death rate constant (kd), which increases with temperature. Therefore, plotting the log of the surviving fraction versus time results in a straight line relationship that can be used to determine kd and calculate sterilization times.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Kinetics of thermal death of

    microorganisms
    Steam (or moist heat) is used almost universally for the
    sterilization of fermentation media.
    Except the use of filtration for the sterilization of media for
    animal-cell culture because such media are completely
    soluble and contain heat labile components making filtration is
    the method of choice for sterilization.
    The destruction of microorganism by heat is considered as loss
    of viability not destruction.
    The destruction of micro-organisms by steam (moist heat) at
    specific temperature can be described as a first-order
    chemical reaction provided if we considerer loss of viability
    not destruction.

    The thermal death kinetics may be represented by the following equation:


    -dN/dt = kd N
    1
    Where,
    N, is the number of viable organisms present,
    T, is the time of the sterilization treatment
    kd, is the reaction rate constant of the reaction,

    or the specific death rate per time.


    On integration of equation (i) from t=0 to t=t,we have the following
    expression :
    Nt/N0 =e-kdt

    where
    No is the number of viable organisms present at the start of the
    sterilization treatment,
    Nt is the number of viable organisms present after a treatment period,
    t.
    On taking natural logarithms, equation (2) is reduced to:
    ln(Nt/N0) = - kd t

    The graphically equations (1) and (3) are represented


    as,
    Fig: Plots of the proportion of
    survivors and the natural
    logarithm of the proportion of
    survivors in a population of
    microorganisms subjected to a
    lethal temperature over a time
    period.

    The relationship observed in the above graph would be found


    only with the sterilization of a pure culture in one physiological
    form, under ideal sterilization conditions.
    From Principles of Fermentation
    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

    We have got two predictions from this kinetic


    description-

    (i) An infinite time is required to achieve


    sterile conditions (i.e. N = 0).
    t

    (ij) After a certain time there will be less


    than one viable cell present.

    The ratio of No/Nt is the inactivation


    factor,
    The ratio of Nt/No is the survival
    factor and
    the In of No/Nt=V is the design
    criterion, a parameter which
    encompasses the contamination
    level of the medium to be sterilized,
    No, and the desired sterility level, Nt.

    In the above equations,


    k is a constant which expresses the
    specific death rate.
    It increases sharply with temperature
    and
    can be experimentally determined far an
    organism using equation 3.

    If the experimentally determined Ink


    value from this equation is plotted
    against the reciprocal temperature (1/T)
    value, a straight line should be obtained
    from which the k value can be
    calculated for a desired temperature.

    The value of k is not only species


    dependent, but dependent on the
    physiological form of the cell (i.e.
    vegetative and spore form)

    Initial population increase resulting from the heat activation


    of spores in the early stages of a sterilization process

    From Principles of Fermentation


    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

    An initial stationary period observed during a sterilization


    treatment due to the death of spores being completly
    compensated
    by the heat activation of spores

    From Principles of Fermentation


    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

    Initial population decline at a sub-maximum rate during a


    sterilization treatment due to the death of spores being
    compensated
    by the heat activation of spores

    From Principles of Fermentation


    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

    The effect of a sterilizaIion treatment on a mixed culture


    consisting of a high proportion of a very sensitive organism

    From Principles of Fermentation


    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

    The effect of a sterilization treatment on a mixed culture


    consisting of a high proportion of a relatively resistant organism

    From Principles of Fermentation


    Technology,- Peter F. Stanbury,
    Allen Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall,
    Second Edition,

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