Networking Technologies and E-Commerce: Dr. Devendra Kumar Punia

Networking Technologies
and E-Commerce
Dr. Devendra Kumar Punia
[email protected]
http://www.linkedin.com/in/devendrakpunia/
Course outline
Objectives
Introduce major concepts of data communication,
networking, LAN, WAN, Wireless LAN, Mobile
computing, Internet, Intranet
Explain functioning of WWW, underlying
infrastructure and technology
Introduce Electronic Commerce with enabling
infrastructure, payment systems, security, social
and legal issues
Text Book
E-commerce business, Technology, Society,
Kenneth C Laudon & Carol Guercio Traver, Pearson
education, India Reprint 2003
Assessment
Total marks 100
Quiz and Assignments 5
Case studies, class participation, 15
presentation
Mid Term Exam 20
Project Presentation 20
End Term Exam 40
Telecommunication
Transfer of meaningful information from sender to receiver
over cable or wireless media
Includes all of the hardware and software necessary for its
transmission and reception
Telephony
Limited to transmission of sound over wire or wireless
Assumes temporarily dedicated point-to-point connection
rather than broadcast connection
Telegraphy
Limited to transmission of dash (long beep) and dot (short
beep) over wire or wireless

Distinction between Telecom and Telephony
Difficult to distinguish because of the use of digital
techniques (binary bits) for transmitting any form of
information (audio, video or data)
What is telecommunication?
History of telecom: an overview
1837: Samuel Morse invents the telegraph
1858: Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid
1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1885: Incorporation of AT&T
1888: Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave
1895: Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph
1906: First radio built
1920: First commercial radio broadcast
1969: ARPANET was funded by the DARPA
1978: Unix-to-Unix copy program
1981: Development of CSNET and BITNET
1982: Term Internet is coined
1986: Establishment of NSFNET
1989: CSNET and BITNET merge to form CREN
1990: WWW becomes part of the Internet
Communication System Model
Communication System Model
Classification by Spatial Distance
LAN (Local Area Network)
Less than 5 km, private, Mbps to Gbps
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
5 to 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps
WAN (Wide Area Network)
More than 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps

Classification of data networks
Classification by Topology
Ring
Bus
Star
Tree
Mesh
Hybrid
By Switching Technology
Circuit Switching
Connection-oriented networks, ideal for real-time applications,
guaranteed quality of service
Message Switching
Store-and-forward system
Packet Switching
Shared facilities, Used for data communications
Cell Switching
Fast processing of fixed length cells

Type of Information
Data Communications
Digital transmission of information
Voice Communications
Telephone communications
Video Communications
Cable TV or video conferencing
By Computing Model
Distributed Computing
Client/Server set-up
Centralized Computing
Thin-client architecture
By Ownership
Public Network
Owned by a common carrier
Private Network
Built for exclusive use by a single organization
Virtual Private Network
Encrypted tunnels through a shared private or public
network
Standards
Importance
Provide a fixed way for hardware and/or software systems
(different companies) to communicate
Help promote competition and decrease the price

Types of Standards
Formal standards
Developed by an industry or government standards-making
body
De-facto standards
Emerge in the marketplace and widely used
Lack official backing by a standards-making body

Standardization process
Specification
Developing the nomenclature and identifying the problems to
be addressed

Identification of choices
Identifying solutions to the problems and choose the
optimum solution

Acceptance
Defining the solution, getting it recognized by industry so
that a uniform solution is accepted
Major standards bodies
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
Technical recommendations for data communication interfaces
Composed of each countrys national standards orgs.
Based in Geneva, Switzerland (www.iso.ch)
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union Telecom Group
Technical recommendations about telephone, telegraph and data
communications interfaces
Composed of representatives from each country in UN
Based in Geneva, Switzerland (www.itu.int)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
Coordinating organization for US (not a standards- making body)
(www.ansi.org)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
Professional society; also develops mostly LAN standards,
http://standards.ieee.org
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
Develops Internet standards
No official membership (anyone welcome) (www.ietf.org)
Emerging trends in networking
Pervasive Networking
Integration of Voice, Video and Data
New Information Services
Pervasive networking
Means Networks will be everywhere
Exponential growth of network use
Many new types of devices will have network
capability
Exponential growth of data rates for all kinds of
networking
Broadband communications
Use circuits with 256 Kbps or higher (e.g., DSL)
Also called Convergence
Networks that were previously transmitted using separate
networks will merge into a single, high speed, multimedia
network in the near future

First step largely complete
Integration of voice and data

Next step
Video merging with voice and data
Will take longer partly due to the high data rates required for
video
Integration of voice, video & data
New information services
World Wide Web based
Many new types of information services becoming available
Services that help ensure quality of information received over
www
Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Develop specific systems for companies such as providing
and operating a payroll system for a company that does not
have one of its own
Information Utilities (Future of ASPs)
Providing a wide range of info services (email, web, payroll,
etc.) (similar to electric or water utilities)

Implications for management
Embrace change and actively seek to use new
aspects of networks toward improving your
organization
Information moved quickly and easily anywhere and anytime
Information accessed by customers and competitors globally

Use a set of industry standard technologies
Can easily mix and match equipment from different vendors
Easier to migrate from older technologies to newer
technologies
Smaller cost by using a few well known standards

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