Ophthalmology

instruments
TONY
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SIDE PORT ENTRY
BLADE
straight knife with a sharp pointed tip and
cutting on one side.
Uses.
It is used to make a small valvular clear
corneal incision (commonly called as side
port incision) in phacoemulsification and
other intraocular surgeries including pars
plana vitrectomy.
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KERATOME
diamond-shaped blade with a sharp apex and
two cutting edges
USES
Valvular corneal incisions for entry
into the anterior chamber for all
modern techniques of cataract
extraction
self-sealing incisions for
phacoemulsification and manual SICS
operation.
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CRESCENT KNIFE
blunt-tipped, bevel up knife having cut-
splitting action at the tip and both the sides
Uses:
It is used to make tunnel incision in the sclera
and cornea for phacoemulsification, manual
small incision cataract surgery (SICS), and
sutureless trabeculectomy.
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IOL DIALER
Uses: (i) It is used to dial
the PMMA non-foldable IOL for proper
positioning
in the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus. (ii) It can
also be
used to manipulate the nucleus in
phacoemulsification
surgery
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CHOPPER
resembling sinskey hook in shape. The
inner edge of the bent tip is cutting and may
have different angles.
Uses. It is used to split or chop the
nucleus into smaller pieces and also for
nuclear
manipulation in phacoemulsification surgery.
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WIRE VECTIS
It is wire loop attached to
a metallic handle.
Uses: It is used to remove dislocated
or subluxated lens. and nucleus in ECCE.
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Castroviejo calliper
It is used to take
measurements during squint, ptosis, retinal
detachment and pars plana vitrectomy
surgery. It is
also used to measure corneal diameter and
visible
horizontal iris diameter.
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Corneo scleral
forceps
Uses: These are used to hold
the cornea or scleral edge (of incision) for
suturing
during cataract, glaucoma, repair of corneal
and/or
scleral tears and keratoplasty operations.
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CAPSULORHEXIS
FORCEPS
AFTER A FLAP LENS CAPSULE IS RAISED USED
FOR HOLDING LENS CAPSULE
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IRIS REPOSITOR
Handle with blade & blunt end
Uses
to reposit iris in AC after intra ocular
surgery
To break synechiae at pupillary margin
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SIMCOE CANNULA
IRRIGATION AND ASPIRATION OF LENS
MATTER IN ECCE

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SUPERIOR
RECTUS HOLDING
FORCEPS
S-shaped double curve near the tip.
TOOTHED FORCEPS
Uses:
hold the superior rectus muscle while
passing a bridle suture under it;
to stabilize the eyeball during any
operation such as cataract surgery,
glaucoma surgery, corneal surgery
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SUPERIOR
RECTUS HOLDING
FORCEPS
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IOL HOLDING
FORCEPS
It is a spring action
forceps with short, blunt and curved blades
having
smooth edges and tips with plateform (no
teeth
or serrations). Use:
To
hold optic of non-foldable
PMMA
IOL during implantation.
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NEEDLE HOLDING
FORCEPS
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de Weckers
scissors
They are fine
scissors with small blades directed at right
angles to
the arms. The blades are kept apart, making
V-shape,
by spring action.
Uses: It is used to perform iridectomy,
iridotomy and to cut the prolapsed formed
vitreous
and pupillary membrane.
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Corneal scissors or
section enlarging
scissors

Uses: (i) These are used
to enlarge corneal or corneoscleral incision
for
conventional intracapsular and extracapsular
cataract
extraction (sparingly performed procedures
now-aday)
cataract surgery.
(ii) To enlarge corneal incision
In keratoplasty operation.
(iii) To cut the scleral and trabecular
tissue in trabeculectomy.
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WIRE SPECULUM
Uses. Eye speculums are used to keep the lids
apart
during:
Any intraocular operation such as cataract
surgery
and glaucoma surgery.
Any extraocular surgery e.g., squint surgery,
pterygium surgery.
Enucleation and evisceration operation.
Removal of conjunctival and corneal foreign
bodies.
Cauterization of corneal ulcer.
Examination of the eye in a patient with
blepharospasm.
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Lacrimal probes
(Bowmans)
These
are a set of straight metal wires of varying
thickness
(size 0-8) with blunt rounded ends and
flattened
central platform. Uses: (i) To probe
nasolacrimal duct
in congenital blockage. (ii). To identify the
lacrimal
sac during DCT and DCR operations.
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Bone punch
Uses:
It is used to enlarge the bony opening during
DCR operation by punching the bone from
margins of the opening
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Lacrimal sac
dissector and
curette
is a cylindrical instrument, one end of which
is a blunt-
tipped dissector and the other end is
curetted.
Use:
In lacrimal sac surgery.
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Optic nerve guide
(enucleation
spoon)
It is a spoon-shaped instrument with a
central
cleavage. Use: To engage the optic nerve
during
enucleation.
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Evisceration
curette
It consists of an
oval or rounded shallow cup with blunt
margins
attached to a stout handle.
Use:
To curette out the
intraocular contents during evisceration
operation
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Lid clamp or
entropion clamp
Advantage over lid spatula: It is a self-
retaining
instrument and does not need an assistant to
hold.
Disadvantages: (i) Operative field is less. (ii)
Pressure
necrosis can occur if fitted tightly. Uses: It is
used in
lid surgery e.g., entropion, and ectropion
corrections.
It protects the eyeball, supports the lid tissue
and
provides haemostasis during surgery.
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Chalazion clamp
It consists of two
limbs like forceps, which can be clamped with
the
help of a screw. The tip of one limb is flattened
in the
form of round disc while the tip of the other
arm has a
small circular ring. Usually the flat disc is applied
on
the skin side and ring on the conjunctival side of
the
chalazion.
Uses: To fix the chalazion and achieve
haemostasis during incision and curettage.
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Muscle
(strabismus) hook
It is similar
to the lens expressor in appearance but has a
blunt
gaurding knob at the end to prevent muscle
slippage.
The plane of the handle is the same as that of
the
curvature of the hook.
Uses: (i) It is used to engage
the extraocular muscles during surgery for
squint, enucleation, and retinal detachment.
(ii) In the
absence of lens expressor, it may be used in its
place.
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Lens expressor
(hook)
It is a flat metal
handle with a rounded curve at one end. Tip of the
curve is knobbed. The plane of the handle is at right
angle to the curvature of the hook. Uses: (i) To
apply
pressure on the limbus at the 6 O'clock position
during
the delivery of lens in intracapsular cataract
extraction
with Smiths (tumbling) and capsule forceps
techniques. (ii) To express the nucleus in
extracapsular cataract extraction. (iii) It can also be
used as muscle hook if the latter is not available. (v)
Also used along with wire vectis to extract out the
dislocated len
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Ptosis clamp
It is like forceps with Jshaped
ends having internal serrations. The clamp
has
a locking mechanism.
Use:
To hold levator
palpebrae superioris muscle during ptosis
surgery.
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Corneal trephine
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Trephine blade
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Evisceration stand
To keep eye ball after evisceration

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. Self-retaining
lacrimal wound
(Mullers)
retractor
It is made up of two limbs with
three curved pins on each for engaging the
edges of
the skin incision. The limbs are kept in a
retracted
position with the help of a fixing screw.
Uses: It is
used to retract the skin during surgery on the
lacrimal
sac (e.g., DCT or DCR).
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Kelman-
McPherson
forceps
These
are fine forceps with bent limbs. Uses: (i)To
hold the
superior haptic of IOL during its placement.
(ii) To
tear off the anterior capsular flap in ECCE.
(iii) Can be
used for suture tying.
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Maddox rod
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Injector
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