Cloud Computing & Virtualization

Prepared By:
Er.Priyanka aggarwal
M.Tech CSE
Cloud + Computing





Computing is use of
computer technonogy.

.





Cloud is simply a
metaphor for the internet


Grid computing is the
application of several
computers to a single
problem at the same time
-usually to a scientific or
technical problem that
requires a great number
of computer processing
cycles or access to large
amounts of data.
A type of computing in
which different components
and objects comprising an
application can be located
on different computers
connected to a network.
Grid Computing + Distributed
Computing = Cloud computing
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is style of computing in which
dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources
are provided as a service over the internet .

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing,
whereby shared resources, software and
information, are provided to computers and devices
on-demand, like the electricity grid.

Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling
available, convenient, on-demand network access to
a shared pool of configurable computing resources.



Benefits Of Cloud Computing
No up-front investment:
Cloud computing uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model. A
service provider does not need to invest in the
infrastructure to start gaining benefit from cloud
computing. It simply rents resources from the cloud
according to its own needs and pay for the usage.
Lowering operating cost:
Resources in a cloud environment can be rapidly
allocated and de-allocated on demand.Hence, a service
provider no longer needs to provision capacities
according to the peak load. This provides huge savings
since resources can be released to save on operating
costs when service demand is low.

Benefits Of Cloud Computing
Highly scalable:
Infrastructure providers pool large amount of resources from data centers and
make them easily accessible. A service provider can easily expand its service
to large scales in order to handle rapid increase in service demands (e.g.,
flash-crowd effect). This model is sometimes called surge computing.
Easy access:
Services hosted in the cloud are generally web-based. Therefore, they are
easily accessible through a variety of devices with Internet connections.
These devices not only include desktop and laptop computers, but also cell
phones and PDAs.
Reducing business risks and maintenance expenses:
By outsourcing the service infrastructure to the clouds, a service provider
shifts its business risks (such as hardware failures) to infrastructure
providers, who often have better expertise and are better equipped for
managing these risks. In addition,a service provider can cut down the
hardware maintenance and the staff training costs.
Architecture Design Of Cloud
Computing
Delivery Models
Three delivery models:
Software as a Service.
Platform as a Service.
Infrastructure as a Service.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS):
SaaS refers to providing on demand applications over the Internet
This is a pay-as-you-go model and was initially widely deployed for
sales force automation and Customer Relationship Management
(CRM).
Examples of SaaS providers include:
Salesforce.com
Rackspace.
SAP Business ByDesign.

Delivery Models
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS):
Platform as a service,another SAAS, this kind of cloud
computing provide development environment as a service.It
provides platform layer resources, including operating system
support and software development frameworks.


Examples of PaaS providers include:
Google App Engine.
Microsoft Windows Azure
Force.com.
Delivery Models
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS):
Infrastructure as a service delivers a platform virtualization
environment as a service. Rather than purchasing servers,
software,data center space or network equipment, clients instead
buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. The cloud owner
who offers IaaS is called an IaaS provider.

Examples of IaaS providers include:
Amazon EC2
GoGrid
Flexiscale.

How Cloud Computing works?
Layers in Architecture Design
The architecture of a cloud computing
environment can be divided into 4 layers:

Hardware/datacenter layer.
Infrastructure layer.
Platform layer.
Application layer.

Hardware Layer
Hardware/datacenter layer:
The hardware layer is typically implemented in data centers. A
data center usually contains thousands of servers that are
organized in racks and interconnected through switches,
routers or other fabrics.

Responsibilities of this layer:
managing the physical resources of the cloud, including
physical servers, routers, switches, power and cooling systems.
Issues at hardware layer:
hardware configuration, fault tolerance,traffic management,
power and cooling resource management.
Infrastructure Layer
Also known as the virtualization layer.
Responsibility:
The infrastructure layer creates a pool of storage and
computing resources by partitioning the physical
resources using virtualization technologies such as
Xen,KVM and VMware.
The infrastructure layer is an essential component of
cloud computing, since many key features, such as
dynamic resource assignment, are only made available
through virtualization technologies.
Platform Layer
Built on top of the infrastructure layer, the platform layer
consists of operating systems and application frameworks.

The purpose of the platform layer:

To minimize the burden of deploying applications directly into
VM containers. For example, Google App Engine operates at
the platform layer to provide API support for implementing
storage, database and business logic of typical web
applications.

Application Layer
At the highest level of the hierarchy, the application
layer consists of the actual cloud applications.

Cloud applications can leverage the automatic-
scaling feature to achieve better performance,
availability and lower operating cost.
Business model of Cloud Computing
Business Model

According to the layered architecture of cloud computing,it is
entirely possible that a PaaS provider runs its cloud on top of
an IaaS providers cloud. However, in the current practice, IaaS
and PaaS providers are often parts of the same organization
(e.g., Google and Salesforce).
This is why PaaS and IaaS providers are often called the
infrastructure providers or cloud providers.
Two Technologies for Agility
Virtualization:
The ability to run multiple operating systems on a
single physical system and share the underlying
hardware resources*
Cloud Computing:
The provisioning of services in a timely (near on
instant), on-demand manner, to allow the scaling
up and down of resources**
19
The Traditional Server Concept

20
Web Server
Windows
IIS
App Server
Linux
Glassfish
DB Server
Linux
MySQL
EMail
Windows
Exchange
Key Technology: Virtualization

Hardware
Operating System
App App App
Traditional Stack
Hardware
OS
App App App
Hypervisor
OS OS
Virtualized Stack
Cloud computing takes
virtualization to the next step

You dont have to own the hardware
You rent it as needed from a cloud
There are public clouds
e.g. Amazon EC2, and now many others
(Microsoft, IBM, Sun, and others ...)
A company can create a private one
With more control over security, etc.

Cloud Computing Status
Seems to be rapidly becoming a mainstream practice

Numerous providers
Amazon EC2 imitators ...
Just about every major industry name
IBM, Sun, Microsoft, ...

Major buzz at industry meetings

So Whats the Take-Away?
There seems to be a major revolution underway in how we manage
hardware

Specify (machine per service or one big machine with many
virtual servers
Purchase (own it yourself or rent from a public cloud)
Use (always-on, or flexible provisioning as needed ...)


What About Research?
The Eucalyptus Project

From University of California Santa Barbara
An open source collection of tools to build your own cloud
Linux using Xen for virtualization

An apparently open research area: handling data

Regular databases apparently don't scale well
Especially hard to make elastic (scale up / scale down
Major Service Providers Of Cloud
Computing
Conclusion
Cloud computing is the next big wave in computing.


It has many benefits, such as better hardware management,
since all the computers are the same and run the same
hardware.


It also provides for better and easier management of data
security, since all the data is located on a central server, so
administrators can control who has and doesn't have access
to the files.