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    Chem 125 NMR Spectroscopy Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Ralph John Ugalino
    This document discusses the fundamentals and instrumentation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It describes how nuclei with spin have a magnetic moment that can be manipulated using radiofrequency pulses in the presence of a strong, uniform magnetic field. The NMR signal is detected using a coil that converts the energy released by relaxing nuclei into an electrical signal. The instrumentation used includes a superconducting magnet, shim coils to homogenize the magnetic field, a probe containing the excitation/detection coil, a transmitter to generate radiofrequency pulses, a receiver to amplify the NMR signal, and digitizing components to process the detected signal.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chem 125 NMR Spectroscopy Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Ralph John Ugalino
    115 views16 pages
    This document discusses the fundamentals and instrumentation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It describes how nuclei with spin have a magnetic moment that can be manipulated using radiofrequency pulses in the presence of a strong, uniform magnetic field. The NMR signal is detected using a coil that converts the energy released by relaxing nuclei into an electrical signal. The instrumentation used includes a superconducting magnet, shim coils to homogenize the magnetic field, a probe containing the excitation/detection coil, a transmitter to generate radiofrequency pulses, a receiver to amplify the NMR signal, and digitizing components to process the detected signal.

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    Chem 125 NMR Spectroscopy Instrumentation

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    This document discusses the fundamentals and instrumentation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It describes how nuclei with spin have a magnetic moment that can be manipulated using radiofrequency pulses in the presence of a strong, uniform magnetic field. The NMR signal is detected using a coil that converts the energy released by relaxing nuclei into an electrical signal. The instrumentation used includes a superconducting magnet, shim coils to homogenize the magnetic field, a probe containing the excitation/detection coil, a transmitter to generate radiofrequency pulses, a receiver to amplify the NMR signal, and digitizing components to process the detected signal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    115 views16 pages

    Chem 125 NMR Spectroscopy Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Ralph John Ugalino
    This document discusses the fundamentals and instrumentation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It describes how nuclei with spin have a magnetic moment that can be manipulated using radiofrequency pulses in the presence of a strong, uniform magnetic field. The NMR signal is detected using a coil that converts the energy released by relaxing nuclei into an electrical signal. The instrumentation used includes a superconducting magnet, shim coils to homogenize the magnetic field, a probe containing the excitation/detection coil, a transmitter to generate radiofrequency pulses, a receiver to amplify the NMR signal, and digitizing components to process the detected signal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

    Spectrocopy: Instrumentation
    Cudia, Ignacio, Ugalino
    Chem 125
    Nuclear spin
    Intrinsic property of a particle (in this case, a
    nucleus)
    Parameterizes the angular momentum
    Dependent on the number of protons and
    neutrons in the nucleus
    Even numbers of both proton and neutron gives
    I = 0
    Gives rise to the magnetic moment of the
    nucleus

    Spin quantum number
    Nuclear magnetic moment
    -Energy levels split due to external magnetic field
    -To allow to move from the ground state to the excited state, an energy
    equivalent to the difference of the energy level must be applied
    -Energy is provided by the Larmor frequency, which is around the
    radiofrequency range.


    NMR spectroscopy fundamentals
    Relaxation of the magnetic moment towards
    thermal equilibrium is measured by a
    conducting coil, converting the energy to a
    electric signal (by Faradays Law of Induction).
    In short, when a sample is exposed to a strong,
    uniform magnetic field in an NMR expt and is
    irradiated with LF, a signal is observed.
    For different nuclei, LF is different, thus
    produced radiofrequency must be controlled.

    FID: Free induction decay
    Magnet
    consists of a coil of superconducting wire (T < 6 K)
    through which current passes
    the wire is suspended in a bath of liquid helium
    the liquid helium bath is surrounded by a heat shield
    kept at 77K
    the whole assembly is constructed in a vacuum flask
    the bore tube passes through the magnet which is at
    room temperature


    Shims
    shim coils are used to homogenize the
    magnetic field
    tiny magnetic fields cancel out the small
    residual inhomogeneities in the main
    magnetic field


    Probe
    a cylindrical metal tube inserted
    into the bore of the magnet

    a small coil is used to both excite
    and detect the NMR signal

    the coil is part of a tuned circuit
    consisting of a coil and a
    capacitor such that the circuit
    they form is resonant at Larmor
    frequency


    Transmitter
    RF source such a frequency
    synthesizer

    a gate to generate a pulse of RF
    energy

    an amplifier is used to boost the
    small signal to a power of
    100W


    Receiver
    pre-amplifier to boost NMR signal

    diplexer to separate receiver and transmitter


    Digitizing the signal
    ADC converts NMR signal voltage to binary




    Digitizing the signal
    NO ADC can achieve the Nyquist condition

    mixer subtracts frequency to viable levels




    low pass filter
    mixer
    NMR signal
    receiver
    frequency
    Quadrature detection
    REFS
    http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/chem-
    ed/spec/spin/nmr.html
    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
    ons/thumb/3/38/NMR_EPR.gif/300px-
    NMR_EPR.gif
    Keeler, J. Understanding NMR Spectroscopy.
    (2004).

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