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    Lecture 16 - The Social Integration and National Unity

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    Rajen Raj
    The document discusses concepts of unity and integration in Malaysia, including the country's plural society and history of ethnic relations. It outlines various efforts undertaken by the Malaysian government to promote national integration, such as implementing political quotas to share power, pursuing equitable economic development, and establishing a common national culture and identity through the education system. The document argues that achieving national integration requires both self-development approaches like reducing inter-ethnic prejudice, as well as physical and socioeconomic integration strategies like public housing programs that encourage intermingling of different ethnic groups.

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    Lecture 16 - The Social Integration and National Unity

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    Rajen Raj
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    The document discusses concepts of unity and integration in Malaysia, including the country's plural society and history of ethnic relations. It outlines various efforts undertaken by the Malaysian government to promote national integration, such as implementing political quotas to share power, pursuing equitable economic development, and establishing a common national culture and identity through the education system. The document argues that achieving national integration requires both self-development approaches like reducing inter-ethnic prejudice, as well as physical and socioeconomic integration strategies like public housing programs that encourage intermingling of different ethnic groups.

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    The document discusses concepts of unity and integration in Malaysia, including the country's plural society and history of ethnic relations. It outlines various efforts undertaken by the Malaysian government to promote national integration, such as implementing political quotas to share power, pursuing equitable economic development, and establishing a common national culture and identity through the education system. The document argues that achieving national integration requires both self-development approaches like reducing inter-ethnic prejudice, as well as physical and socioeconomic integration strategies like public housing programs that encourage intermingling of different ethnic groups.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    108 views29 pages

    Lecture 16 - The Social Integration and National Unity

    Uploaded by

    Rajen Raj
    The document discusses concepts of unity and integration in Malaysia, including the country's plural society and history of ethnic relations. It outlines various efforts undertaken by the Malaysian government to promote national integration, such as implementing political quotas to share power, pursuing equitable economic development, and establishing a common national culture and identity through the education system. The document argues that achieving national integration requires both self-development approaches like reducing inter-ethnic prejudice, as well as physical and socioeconomic integration strategies like public housing programs that encourage intermingling of different ethnic groups.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    MPW 1233 Malaysian Studies

    By Hj. Kamal Abd Razak MBA Techno-Entrepreneurship [email protected] 012-6550746

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND National unity

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Introduction

    Concepts of Unity and Integration Concept of Plural Society Ethnic Relations in Malaysia
    Theory of Racial Relations History of Ethnic Relations Forms of Ethnic Relations Obstacles to National Integration Causes and Reinforcing Obstacles to Integration Political Efforts Economic Effort Social and Cultural Effort Sharing of Political Power Democratic Govt Sound Economic Growth Cultural Compromise

    National Integration Problems


    The strive towards Unity and National Integration


    The Basis of Racial Unity in Msia


    Method to Achieve National Integration

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Concepts of Unity and Integration

    Unity generally to the uniting of various groups that have different social and cultural backgrounds, into one physical entity
    Union that is external in form Done through regulations

    Integration is a process of uniting groups with different backgrounds into one entity bound by common norms, values and interests
    A sense of belonging, a process that takes place as a result of inner ties, that is, ties of feelings between people themselves
    A sharing of heart and mind that goes beyond cultural and ethnic difference
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Furnivals Concept of Plural Society

    Different culturally, politically and economically Furnival quote (pg. 163)


    they mix, but they are not integrated

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Ethnic Relations in Msia

    Degrees of nearness
    Segregation (Low integration) Accommodation Acculturation Assimilation Amalgamation (High integration)

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Segregation

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Accommodation

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Acculturation

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Assimilation

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Amalgamation

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    History of Ethnic Relations

    Five stages of change


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Co-existence Frequent External Contact Compromise Unity Integration

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Two possibilities

    1. Plurality should be protected


    Unity in a plural society
    Malaysian Malaysia

    2. Assimilate or die.
    Same language, values and way of life, education Intermarriage

    If ethnic consciousness is strong, then national consciousness will be weak.


    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Forms of Ethnic Relations

    Conflict
    May 13, 1969 World War 2

    Competition
    In education (student quotas), employment

    Cooperation
    Political arena (BN, PKR) Struggle for Independence Fight against Communists Ganyang Malaysia
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    National Integration Problems

    1. Prejudice
    Based on generalizations, evidence that is not concrete Bad Expectations of other races

    2. Communalism
    Favouring ones own ethnic community Tension in relationships w other ethnic groups

    3. Ethnocentrism
    Ones own belief that ones own culture is superior Eg. Hitler Clip
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    All these feelings inside add up to: DISCRIMINATION.

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Causes of Discrimination

    Ignorance of other ethnic groups Process of socialization limited to within ethnic groups Communal Politics Socio-economic difference Cultural Difference Segregation Or Physical Separation
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Striving Towards Unity and Integration

    Political Efforts
    Special Rights
    Assistance

    Sedition Act aimed at preventing an individual from raising sensitive issues in public
    Position of Malay as the official language Position of the Malay rulers Status of Islam as the official relgiion Special rights of the Bumiputra Citizen rights of the non-Bumiputras
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Striving Towards Unity and Integration

    Economic Efforts
    Govt. Five Year Plans
    Aim: Economic Equity among the races and reduce identification of race by economic activity Creating Malay entrepreneurs to help them control at least 30% of the countrys economy (+ quotas, contracts, loans, employment options, etc) Development agencies (ie. Land Development): FELDA, FELCRA, RISDA.
    Aim: Uplift the communitys social and economic standing

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Striving Towards Unity and Integration

    Social and Cultural Efforts


    Education curriculum 1971, National Culture introduced- founded upon the Malay culture with incorporation of elements from other cultures
    Use of Malay language as the official language and also the national system of education

    KEMAS, Rukun Tetangga set up. A National Unity Dept was set up by the Minsitry of Ntional Unity and Social Development
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Historical Foundations for Unity

    Sharing of political power A Democratic Government


    Free, but cannot question certain issues

    Sound economic growth


    Transformation in 1 generation (agricultural to industry based economy) Free-market economy

    Cultural compromise
    Other languages used widely Accommodating attitude among some Malay leaders
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Underlying principles for integration

    1. Unity of ones own race 2. Reducing of economic difference btwn races 3. Allowing all ethnic groups to develop as much as possible 4. Principle of compromise

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Categories of Integration

    1. Self-development 2. Physical and Social Development

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    1. Self Development

    Stimulating right THINKING


    Socialisation and re-socialization (mix everyone up) Reducing group identification (becoming more open to other races) Reducing group demands (groups make claims that can cause tension. Reduce these claims.) Creating cohesive relations (housing and business policies to encourage mixing)
    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    2. Physical and Socio-economic Development Strategies

    Stress on social structural changes thru physical and socioeconomic development (produce an external unity that gradually grows into more sustaining integration)
    Updating and increasing socio-economic strategies
    NEP (encompassing agriculture, education, industry, enterprise, housing)

    Changing concepts of a divisive nature


    Concepts such as West Malaysia and East Malaysia/ Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra. Now Peninsula Msia, Sabah & Sarawak used

    Inter-regional transfer of officers


    Administrative expertise distributed fairly

    Exposure to other communities


    Visits to other communities, usage of media

    Enhancing role of social institutions


    Encouraging activities like Gotong Royong that increase physical proximity of races

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    The Methods on Physical Proximity

    For item Physical Proximity use the following:


    Formal education (curriculum that talk abt ethnice groups) Co-curriculum activities (help to foster interaction) Continuous education (diff aspects and values are given importance) Social groups (Socio-political groups, involve all ethnic groups) Social activities (games, sports, art, business activities) Tourism within the country (efforts to improve quality of tourist destinations) Mass Media (bring together ethnic groups. Newspapers do coverage and lessen racial and sensitive issues)

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Methods on Socio-economic Dev

    Improving educational infrastructure Create Bumiputra entrepreneurs and professionals Development in the small enterprise sector Development of rural infrastructure Development of the rural folk

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Create a NATIONAL IDEOLOGY

    Rukun Negara
    National Ideology

    Vision 2020 Generasi Gemilang, Terbilang, Terhilang 1Malaysia

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

    Thank You

    YOUR FUTURE BEGINS HERE

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