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    Suspension 1

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    hima012
    The document summarizes key aspects of automotive suspension design and vehicle dynamics. It defines an automotive suspension as a 3D four bar linkage system that gives a vehicle maneuverability. Suspension components like ride height, bump, droop, camber, caster, and toe are described. Common suspension designs including beam axle, swing axle, De Dion, and double wishbone are outlined. Vehicle dynamics concepts such as yaw, pitch, roll, understeer, oversteer, weight transfer, roll center, roll couple, anti-dive, bump steer, tire slip angle, and friction circle are briefly explained in the context of suspension design and performance.

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    Suspension 1

    Uploaded by

    hima012
    95 views26 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of automotive suspension design and vehicle dynamics. It defines an automotive suspension as a 3D four bar linkage system that gives a vehicle maneuverability. Suspension components like ride height, bump, droop, camber, caster, and toe are described. Common suspension designs including beam axle, swing axle, De Dion, and double wishbone are outlined. Vehicle dynamics concepts such as yaw, pitch, roll, understeer, oversteer, weight transfer, roll center, roll couple, anti-dive, bump steer, tire slip angle, and friction circle are briefly explained in the context of suspension design and performance.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of automotive suspension design and vehicle dynamics. It defines an automotive suspension as a 3D four bar linkage system that gives a vehicle maneuverability. Suspension components like ride height, bump, droop, camber, caster, and toe are described. Common suspension designs including beam axle, swing axle, De Dion, and double wishbone are outlined. Vehicle dynamics concepts such as yaw, pitch, roll, understeer, oversteer, weight transfer, roll center, roll couple, anti-dive, bump steer, tire slip angle, and friction circle are briefly explained in the context of suspension design and performance.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    95 views26 pages

    Suspension 1

    Uploaded by

    hima012
    The document summarizes key aspects of automotive suspension design and vehicle dynamics. It defines an automotive suspension as a 3D four bar linkage system that gives a vehicle maneuverability. Suspension components like ride height, bump, droop, camber, caster, and toe are described. Common suspension designs including beam axle, swing axle, De Dion, and double wishbone are outlined. Vehicle dynamics concepts such as yaw, pitch, roll, understeer, oversteer, weight transfer, roll center, roll couple, anti-dive, bump steer, tire slip angle, and friction circle are briefly explained in the context of suspension design and performance.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Suspension Design

    Part 1

    Rob Shanahan 11-15-05

    Introduction

    What is an Automotive Suspension?


    An Automotive Suspension is the system of parts that give a vehicle the ability to maneuver. It is a 3 Dimensional Four Bar Linkage

    What does a suspension do?


    The job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling HowStuffWorks.com

    Basic Suspension Terminology


    Ride Height Bump / Droop Camber Caster Toe In / Out

    Ride Height, Bump & Droop

    Ride Height

    The neutral / middle position of the Suspension When the wheel moves upwards

    Bump

    Droop

    When the wheel moves downwards


    4

    Camber

    Tires generate more cornering force with a small amount of negative camber Camber changes as suspension moves up (bump) and down (droop)

    Caster

    Shopping cart action Causes selfcentering action in the steering More caster results in more camber as front wheels are turned
    6

    Toe-in or Toe-out

    Toe-in results is inherently stable Toe-out is inherently unstable Race cars often use front toe-out, & rear toe-in

    Common Suspension Designs


    Beam Axle Swing Axle De Dion Double Wishbone / Unequal Length A-arm

    Beam Axle

    Around since horse and chariot days Always keeps wheels parallel Often used in rear Rarely used in front OK on smooth tracks

    Swing Axle

    Often used on VW based off road cars Simple and rugged Camber curve too steep Only adjustment you can make is ride height

    10

    De Dion

    Essentially a beam axle with the diff now sprung weight Keeps wheels parallel Relatively light weight Better on smooth tracks
    11

    Double Wishbone

    Lightest weight Lowest unsprung mass Greatest adjustability

    12

    Basic Vehicle Dynamics

    Part 2

    What is Vehicle Dynamics?

    The understanding and study of how a vehicle and its components move and react

    13

    Yaw, Pitch, and Roll


    Same terminology as aircraft X is the longitudinal axis Yawing refers to normal change of direction Pitching is dive or squat
    14

    Understeer

    Front end of the car washes out or doesnt turn in NASCAR boys call it push or tight Safe, because lifting off throttle reduces it Most road cars have a ton of it
    15

    Oversteer

    Rear end of car slides out NASCAR boys call it loose Excessive application of power can cause oversteer Throttle induced oversteer is never the fast way around a corner

    16

    Weight Transfer

    Occurs anything the vehicle accelerates or decelerates Cornering force Fc will cause weight to transfer from the inside to outside tires Braking and accelerating forces cause a similar front and rear weight transfer

    17

    Roll Center

    A geometric construct Represents the instantaneous point about which the sprung mass will rotate due to cornering forces Roll center moves as suspension travels Goal of any suspension designer is to minimize Roll Center Migration
    18

    Roll Couple

    Distance from roll center to CG is key Low roll center results in more roll for a given lateral acceleration Most designs use a low roll center to reduce jacking forces

    19

    Anti-dive

    Purely geometric method to reduce pitch movement Reduces suspension compliance over bumps No longer in favor with formula car and sports racers Might work well for Baja
    20

    Bump Steer

    Caused when toe changes as suspension moves up and down Causes car to react unexpectedly over bumps and in roll Sometimes used intentionally, but be careful
    21

    Tire Slip Angle

    Angle between the centerline of the wheel and the actual path Tires generate highest cornering forces at a certain slip angle

    22

    Slip Angle vs. Grip

    Grip is highest a set angle, then falls off as the slip angle increases Sharper peak will give a less predictable breakaway Radial tires typically have a steeper slope than bias ply

    23

    Friction Circle

    Plots the theoretical limits of adhesion in 2 axes Great tool for analyzing driver to driver variation G-analyst is a cheap tool for this
    24

    Friction Circle, cont.

    Illustrates the trade off between cornering and braking/accelerating The driver that follows the path closest to the outside of the circle wins

    25

    Car Balance

    A well balanced car will exhibit both understeer and oversteer at different points on the course and at corner entry and exit A good driver can change his technique to change the basic oversteer/understeer balance

    26

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