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    MS - K5 - Nutrition and Bone Health (Gizi)

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    Dominique Mendoza
    1) Adequate nutrition is essential for bone health, as bone disease has complex causes related to nutrient deficiencies. 2) Peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30, influenced by hereditary factors, dietary calcium intake, weight-bearing exercise, and body weight. 3) After age 50, bone loss accelerates, especially in women after menopause, by 1-2% annually without adequate nutrition and exercise to support bone health.

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    MS - K5 - Nutrition and Bone Health (Gizi)

    Uploaded by

    Dominique Mendoza
    556 views30 pages
    1) Adequate nutrition is essential for bone health, as bone disease has complex causes related to nutrient deficiencies. 2) Peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30, influenced by hereditary factors, dietary calcium intake, weight-bearing exercise, and body weight. 3) After age 50, bone loss accelerates, especially in women after menopause, by 1-2% annually without adequate nutrition and exercise to support bone health.

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    1) Adequate nutrition is essential for bone health, as bone disease has complex causes related to nutrient deficiencies. 2) Peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30, influenced by hereditary factors, dietary calcium intake, weight-bearing exercise, and body weight. 3) After age 50, bone loss accelerates, especially in women after menopause, by 1-2% annually without adequate nutrition and exercise to support bone health.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    556 views30 pages

    MS - K5 - Nutrition and Bone Health (Gizi)

    Uploaded by

    Dominique Mendoza
    1) Adequate nutrition is essential for bone health, as bone disease has complex causes related to nutrient deficiencies. 2) Peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30, influenced by hereditary factors, dietary calcium intake, weight-bearing exercise, and body weight. 3) After age 50, bone loss accelerates, especially in women after menopause, by 1-2% annually without adequate nutrition and exercise to support bone health.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that adequate nutrition is essential for bone health, and factors like calcium, vitamin D, exercise and estrogen levels impact bone mass and density over a person's lifetime.

    Nutrition plays a vital role in bone health. Adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, protein and other micronutrients helps build and maintain strong bones, while excess phosphorus or caffeine can be detrimental.

    Factors that influence peak bone mass achieved by age 30 include hereditary factors, dietary calcium intake during growth, weight-bearing physical activity, body weight and sex (males generally have higher peak bone mass than females).

    Nutrition and Bone Health

    Departemen Ilmu Gizi BLOK DERMATOMUSKULOSKELETAL

    Adequate nutrition is essential for the development and maintenance of the skeleton Bone disease complex etiologies development of disease by providing adequate amounts of nutrients

    65 years 25% of the population by 2020 risk osteoporosis and (doubling or tripling) hip fracture

    Bone Mass and Bone Density


    Bone mass bone mineral content (BMC) assesing amount of bone accumulated before the cessation of growth Bone density describe bone after the developmental period is completed

    Calcium Metabolism

    Calcium Homeostasis

    Peak Bone Mass (PBM)


    PBM reach 30 years Long bone stop growing in length age 18 (females) and age 20 (males) Man > woman Hereditary Dietary calcium intakes Weight-bearing physical activity Body weight

    Loss of bone mass


    Age is important Age 40 BMD diminish gradually (both sexes) Loss after age 50 (women) or the time of the menopause 1-2% per year over the next decade Man lower rate than women (same age) But age 70 same for both

    Difference between normal bone and osteoporotic bone

    Nutrition and Bone


    Calcium, phosphat, and vitamin D Micronutrient Phytoestrogens

    Recommended Intakes of BoneRelated Nutrition for Adults


    Calcium : 1500 mg/day for postmenopausal women, 1000-1200 for younger women Vitamin D: 600-1000 units Magnesium : 400-600 mg Manganese: 2-5 mg Zinc: 15 mg Boron: 3 mg Copper:2-3 mg Vitamin K: 500 mcg

    Calcium Intake
    Food sources are recommended first for supplying calcium needs because of the coingestion of other essensial nutrients Sources: Calcium from food Calcium from supplement Calcium from fortification food

    Calcium from food


    Calcium from food is generally good, but from a few foods such as spinach it may be lower Wheat bread may be a good source of calcium Green leafy vegetables such as broccoli, kale, bok choy, and soy bean (lower with oxalate) Dairy products: highcalcium milk, cheeses, yoghurt (best)

    Calcium in selected foods:


    Tofu Yoghurt Sardines Collard greens,cooked Cheese Non-fat milk Pudding, vanilla Whole milk Custard Buttermilk Ice-milk Spinach

    Calcium from supplement


    Significant increases in spinal and total body BMD Good but it seems more likely that keeping the gains in BMD accrued before age 20 Best: combination of regular physical activity and a reasonable consistent daily calcium intakes

    Calcium bioavailability from calcium supplement


    Depends on the anion used Calcium citrate malate absorbed efficient than calcium carbonate and other calcium supplements Calcium carbonate constipying effect (minimize by dividing dose and taking more fluids and fibers)

    Effect of supplement
    High dose calcium supplement may reduce the absorption of nonheme iron and possibly zinc. Magnesium, and other divalent cations

    Potential Risks Associated with Excessive Calcium Supplementation


    Contamination of bone meal or dolomite supplements with cadmium, mercury, arsenic, or lead Urinary tract or renal stones in susceptible individuals Hypercalcemia or milk alkali syndrome from extremely high intakes (>4000 mg/day) Deficiency of iron and other mineral divalent cations resulting from decreased absorption Constipation

    Calcium fortification of food


    Another way to increase the consumption of calcium by females Orange juice and many brands of nondairy milks at avout 300 mg/ cup of juice and to breadds and other foods Food preferable

    Vitamin D
    Vitamin D intake: adequate vit D intake is important excess need is avoided Sun light exposure for skin Calcium and vitamin D supplements are often given

    Rickets

    Phosphat intake
    Calcium and Phosphat = 1:1 needed for mineralization High phosphorus bone loss Consumption 1000 mg to 1200 mg/day (females), 1200-1400 mg/day (male)

    Protein intake
    Anabolic effect High dietary proteinno effect Low dietary protein Low serum albuminlow IGF-1 and serum calcium vulnerable fracture 1 g/kg per day Animal protein rise urinary losses of calcium (acid) Plant proteinlittle effect (neutral or basic urin)

    Magnesium intake
    Little effect, but suggest adequate intakes of Mg improves BMD

    Vitamin K intake
    Osteocalcin needs vitamin K Vitamin K supplementation retard bone loss

    Intakes of other dietary component


    Dietary fiber: excessive intake depression calcium absorption Potassium bicarbonatesufficient to neutralize endogenous acid Vegetarian diet beneficial effect by provides less calcium than animal protein Isoflavon (phytoestrogen) soybean lower lifetime exposure for estrogens

    Intakes of other dietary component


    Caffein and carbonated beverages excessive intakes deterious effect on BMD Intakes of colaslower BMD Alcoholadverse effect

    Osteopenia and Osteoporosis


    Osteopenia: When BMD falls sufficiently below healthy values (1 SD) according WHO standard Osteoporosis: When BMD becomes so low (greater than 2.5 SDs below healthy values)

    Nutrition management
    Adequate calcium intake Adequatevitamin D intake from food, supplement, and sun exposure Avoidance of excess phophorus A balance diet that procides adequate protein, energy, and micronutrients Exercise

    Prevention
    Three factors influenced (for women): diet, exercise, and estrogen Diet calcium from food (including fortified food), adequate intake of vitamin D either from sun exposure or foods or supplement Engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise Estrogen (before 50)

    The end

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