LCD
LCD
LCD
By: Samridhi Bhasin(2076) and Preeti(2070) B.Sc.(H) ELECTRONICS IIIrd YEAR HANS RAJ COLLEGE DELHI UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. There are various examples of the relationship between addresses and display locations for typical module formats like 16 character 2 line,20 character 1 line,20 character 2 line,16 character 4 line and 40 character 2 line.
APPARATUS
8085 Microprocessor kit LCD Module (16 character, 2 line) Data cable 26 PIN Connector +5V Voltage supply Variable resistor
8085 MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven, register based electronic device. The 8085 is an 8- bit general purpose microprocessor capable of addressing 64K of memory. Its instruction set is designed by using various combinations of 8 bits. The device has forty pins, requires a +5V single power supply and can operate with a 3MHz single phase clock.
APPARATUS DESCRIPTION
MICROPROCESSOR 8085: The microprocessor training kit is a low-cost, easy-to-use, entry level, Microprocessor trainer kit. The microprocessor training kit has Intel's 8085 microprocessor @ 3 MHz together with 8255 as well as 8155 chips onboard.
16x2 LCD MODULE: We are using intelligent liquid crystal display (l.c.d.) module which have the ability to display not just numbers, but also letters, words and all manner of symbols, makes them a good deal more versatile than the familiar7-segment light emitting diode (l.e.d.)displays.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Flowchart
START
L A S A KP IN E OD T C O TR P c th o e n 1o e to a d o e n 2 s re la e e p ra d , p ra r n p ra d to d b th u e fro C 0 , 1 2 to re is rs BCa d D y e s r m 4 00 , 0 g te , n M v th v lu in C , eo e to c d ) toA oe e a e (ieth p ra r o e
yes
Is A 0? = 1
no
AD D
Is A0 ? = 2
no
yes
SB U
Is A0 ? = 3
no
yes
MLI UT -P Y L
Is A0 ? = 4
no
yes
D ID IV E
Flowchart Contd..
Is A=0 5?
No
HC F
S IP K
M IN A 1
C 08H =
M IN A 3
C 0C = H C 0F = H
CL AL IN IT L A D P IRW H OD E A IT C U TF RD L Y O N O EA CL AL DL Y EA *
S IP K
M IN A 2
S IP K
L A H P IRW HC 00, ie S A T G OD L A IT 5 , T R IN A D E SO C N E U IV M M R L C T N D R S F O S C T E E O Y O A IO S W E EC A A T RC D SA ES O E H R H R CE O E R T R D CL AL SR G T IN
ED N
CONCLUSION
The hardware section together with the software instructions shows successful execution of the desired operation. Using the microprocessor kit, the user enters the operand 1,operator code and operand 2 in the memory locations C400,C401 and C402 respectively. The operands are entered in hexadecimal form and the operator codes are as follows : 01 : addition 02 : subtraction 03 : multiplication 04 : division 05:HCF Now when the software program is executed the LCD module gets initialised and displays Testing..OK as a result of successful testing of the display after initialization. Next the hexadecimal calculation the user performed is displayed in decimal form on the LCD module.
Limitation of LCD
LCD needs a backlight , a white light source is used as a backlight.
APPLICATIONS
Small monochrome displays like the one used here are found in personal organizers, electronic weighing scales and the original Nintendo Game Boy. These screens are often found in copiers, fax machines, laser printers, industrial test equipment, networking equipment such as routers and storage devices, etc.
Technological improvements to liquid crystal display (LCD) screens have seen them become more popular in the high definition television market. LCD screens also need less power to operate giving the consumers considerable savings on their electricity bills. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT.
Any Questions.