Illustrative Consolidated Financial Statements

Illustrative IFRS corporate consolidated financial statements
for 2010 year ends
Illustrative IFRS corporate consolidated nancial statements for 2010 year ends
Global Accounting Consulting Services PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
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This book has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this book without obtaining specic professional advice. Accordingly, to the extent permitted by law, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (and its members, employees and agents) and publisher accept no liability, and disclaim all responsibility, for the consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining from acting, in reliance on the information contained in this document or for any decision based on it, or for any consequential, special or similar damages even if advised of the possibility of such damages. ISBN 978-1-84798-337-4 Printed in Great Britain. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. # 2010 PricewaterhouseCoopers No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Introduction
This publication provides an illustrative set of consolidated nancial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for a ctional manufacturing, wholesale and retail group (IFRS GAAP plc). IFRS GAAP plc is an existing preparer of IFRS consolidated nancial statements; IFRS 1, First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, is not applicable. This publication is based on the requirements of IFRS standards and interpretations for nancial years beginning on or after 1 January 2010. PricewaterhouseCoopers commentary has been provided, in grey boxes, to explain the detail behind the presentation of a number of challenging areas. These commentary boxes relate to the presentation in: the income statement, statement of comprehensive income, balance sheet, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash ows, the summary of signicant accounting policies, and nancial risk management. Areas in which presentation has changed signicantly since 2009 have been highlighted in blue. Readers should refer to PricewaterhouseCoopers industry illustrative nancial statements for industry-specic transactions and presentation. See inside front cover of this publication for details. We have attempted to create a realistic set of nancial statements for a corporate entity. Certain types of transaction have been excluded, as they are not relevant to the groups operations. The example disclosures for some of these additional items have been included in appendices III and IV. The forthcoming IFRS requirements are outlined in Appendix VII. The example disclosures should not be considered the only acceptable form of presentation. The form and content of each reporting entitys nancial statements are the responsibility of the entitys management. Alternative presentations to those proposed in this publication may be equally acceptable if they comply with the specic disclosure requirements prescribed in IFRS. These illustrative nancial statements are not a substitute for reading the standards and interpretations themselves or for professional judgement as to fairness of presentation. They do not cover all possible disclosures that IFRS requires. Further specic information may be required in order to ensure fair presentation under IFRS. We recommend that readers refer to the 2010 version of GAAPChecker (our automated checklist), as well as our publication IFRS disclosure checklist 2010.
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations
IFRS1p37 7p22 SIC-15p5 DV = International Financial Reporting Standard [number], paragraph number. = International Accounting Standards [number], paragraph number. = Standing Interpretations Committee [number], paragraph number. = Disclose Voluntary. Disclosure is encouraged but not required and, therefore, represents best practice.
ii
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Contents
Consolidated income statement by function of expense .......................................... 1 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income ..................................................... 2 Consolidated balance sheet ...................................................................................... 10 Consolidated statement of changes in equity ............................................................ 14 Consolidated statement of cash ows ....................................................................... 18 Notes to the consolidated nancial statements: ........................................................ 22 1 General information ............................................................................................ 22 2 Summary of signicant accounting policies: ....................................................... 22 2.1 Basis of preparation .................................................................................. 22 2.2 Consolidation ............................................................................................. 26 2.3 Segment reporting ..................................................................................... 29 2.4 Foreign currency translation ...................................................................... 29 2.5 Property, plant and equipment .................................................................. 30 2.6 Intangible assets ....................................................................................... 31 2.7 Impairment of non-nancial assets ........................................................... 32 2.8 Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held-for-sale .............................. 32 2.9 Financial assets ........................................................................................ 33 2.10 Offsetting nancial instruments ................................................................. 34 2.11 Impairment of nancial assets ................................................................... 34 2.12 Derivative nancial instruments and hedging activities ............................. 35 2.13 Inventories ................................................................................................. 37 2.14 Trade receivables ...................................................................................... 37 2.15 Cash and cash equivalents ....................................................................... 37 2.16 Share capital ............................................................................................. 38 2.17 Trade payables ......................................................................................... 38 2.18 Borrowings ................................................................................................ 38 2.19 Compound nancial instruments ............................................................... 38 2.20 Current and deferred income tax .............................................................. 39 2.21 Employee benets ..................................................................................... 40 2.22 Share-based payments ............................................................................. 41 2.23 Provisions .................................................................................................. 42 2.24 Revenue recognition ................................................................................. 42 2.25 Leases ....................................................................................................... 44 2.26 Dividend distribution .................................................................................. 44 3 Financial risk management ................................................................................. 48 3.1 Financial risk factors ................................................................................. 48 3.2 Capital risk management .......................................................................... 52 3.3 Fair value estimation ................................................................................. 53 4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements ................................................... 62 4.1 Critical accounting estimates and assumptions ........................................ 62 4.2 Critical judgements in applying entitys accounting policies ...................... 64 5 Segment information .......................................................................................... 65 6 Property, plant and equipment ........................................................................... 70 7 Intangible assets ................................................................................................. 72 8 Investments in associates .................................................................................. 74 9a Financial instruments by category ...................................................................... 75 9b Credit quality of nancial assets ......................................................................... 77 10 Available-for-sale nancial assets ...................................................................... 78 11 Derivative nancial instruments .......................................................................... 79
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Contents 12 Trade and other receivables ............................................................................... 80 13 Inventories .......................................................................................................... 82 14 Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss ............................................ 82 15 Cash and cash equivalents ................................................................................ 83 16 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations ........................... 83 17 Share capital and premium ................................................................................ 87 18 Share-based payment ........................................................................................ 87 19 Retained earnings .............................................................................................. 89 20 Other reserves .................................................................................................... 90 21 Trade and other payables .................................................................................. 91 22 Borrowings .......................................................................................................... 92 23 Deferred income tax ........................................................................................... 95 24 Retirement benet obligations ............................................................................ 96 25 Provisions for other liabilities and charges ....................................................... 102 26 Other (losses)/gains net ................................................................................ 103 27 Other income .................................................................................................... 104 28 Loss on expropriated land ................................................................................ 104 29 Expenses by nature .......................................................................................... 104 30 Employee benet expense ............................................................................... 104 31 Finance income and costs ................................................................................ 105 32 Income tax expense ......................................................................................... 105 33 Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) ................................................................ 108 34 Earnings per share ........................................................................................... 108 35 Dividends per share .......................................................................................... 109 36 Cash generated from operations ...................................................................... 109 37 Contingencies ................................................................................................... 110 38 Commitments ................................................................................................... 110 39 Business combinations ..................................................................................... 111 40 Related-party transactions ................................................................................ 114 41 Events after the balance sheet date ................................................................. 117 Auditors report ........................................................................................................ 119 Appendices Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV
Operating and nancial review ........................................................... Alternative presentation of primary statements .................................. Policies and disclosures for areas not relevant to IFRS GAAP plc ... Critical accounting estimates and judgements not relevant to IFRS GAAP plc .................................................................................. Appendix V IFRS 9 ................................................................................................ Appendix VI First-time adoption of IFRS ................................................................ Appendix VII Forthcoming requirements .................................................................
121 124 136 148 149 179 196
iv
IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

(All amounts in C thousands unless otherwise stated)
Consolidated income statement by function of expense

1p81(b), 84 1p10(b), 12 1p113, 1p38
Year ended 31 December Note 5 2010 211,034 (77,366) 133,668 (52,140) (28,778) 2750 (90) (1,117) 54,293 31 31 31 8(b) 1,730 (8,173) (6,443) (174) 47,676 32 (14,611) 33,065 16 100 33,165 30,617 2,548 33,165 Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations attributable to the equity holders of the company during the year (expressed in C per share) 2009 112,360 (46,682) 65,678 (21,213) (10,426) 1,259 63 35,361 1,609 (12,197) (10,588) 145 24,918 (8,670) 16,248 120 16,368 15,512 856 16,368
Continuing operations 1p82(a) Revenue 1p99, 103 Cost of sales

1p99, 103 1p99, 103 1p99, 103 1p85 1p85 1p85 1p85 1p82(b) 1p85 1p82(c) 1p85 1p82(d), 12p77
Gross prot Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other income Other (losses)/gains net Loss on expropriated land Operating prot1 Finance income Finance costs Finance costs net Share of (loss)/prot of associates Prot before income tax Income tax expense
27 26 28
1p85 Prot for the year from continuing operations IFRS5p33(a) Discontinued operations
Prot for the year from discontinued operations

1p82(f)
Prot for the year Prot attributable to:
1p83(a)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(a)(i) Non-controlling interest
33p66 33p68
Basic earnings per share From continuing operations From discontinued operations2
34
1.31 0.01 1.32
0.75 0.01 0.76 0.71 0.01 0.72
33p66 33p68
Diluted earnings per share From continuing operations From discontinued operations
34
1.19 0.01 1.20
The notes on pages 1 to 118 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements.
1 IAS 1 does not prescribe the disclosure of operating prot on the face of the income statement. However, entities are not prohibited from disclosing this or a similar line item. 2 EPS for discontinued operations may be given in the notes to the accounts instead in the income statement.

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Group Year ended 31 December 2010 2009 33,165 20 20 20 24 23 20 20 20 20 362 (86) (10) 64 (45) 2,318 850 3,453 36,618 33,818 2,800 36,618 16,368 759 62 91 (494) (3) 40 (261) 194 16,562 15,746 816 16,562
Note Prot for the year Other comprehensive income: Gains on revaluation of land and buildings
16p77(f) IFRS7p20 (a)(ii) Available-for-sale nancial assets
19p93A 1p106(b), IFRS7p23(c) Impact of change in Euravian tax rate on deferred tax1 1p106(b) Cash ow hedges 1p106(b) Net investment hedge IFRS3p59 Currency translation dierences
Share of other comprehensive income of associates Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations
Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to:
1p83(b)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(b)(i) Non-controlling interest
Total comprehensive income for the year
Items in the statement above are disclosed net of tax. The income tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income is disclosed in note 32. The notes on pages 1 to 118 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements.
Commentary income statement and statement of comprehensive income

The commentary that follows explains some of the key requirements in IAS 1, Presentation of nancial statements, and other requirements that impact the income statement/statement of comprehensive income.
1p81
Entities have a choice of presenting all items of income and expense recognised in a period either: (a) in a single statement of comprehensive income; or (b) in two statements (as adopted by IFRS GAAP plc) comprising: (i) a separate income statement, which displays components of prot or loss; and (ii) a statement of comprehensive income, which begins with prot or loss and displays components of other comprehensive income. The main dierence between these two options is that in option (a), prot for the year is shown as a sub-total rather than the bottom line, and the statement continues down to total comprehensive income for the year.
The impact of change in Euravian tax rate is shown for illustrative purposes.

The relationship between the old and new formats is illustrated in the following diagram:
1p82
A single statement of comprehensive income includes, as a minimum, the following line items: (a) Revenue. (b) Finance costs. (c) Share of the prot or loss of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method. (d) Tax expense. (e) A single amount comprising the total of: (i) the post-tax prot or loss of discontinued operations; and (ii) the post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the discontinued operation. (f) Prot or loss.
(g) Each component of other comprehensive income classied by nature. (h) Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method. (i)
1p83
Total comprehensive income.
The following items are disclosed as allocations for the period: (a) Prot or loss attributable to: (i) non-controlling interests; and (ii) owners. (b) Total comprehensive income for the period attributable to: (i) non-controlling interests; and (ii) owners.
IFRS5 p33(d)
(c) From 1 July 2009, the amount of income attributable to owners of the parent from:

(i) continued operations; and (ii) discontinued operations.

1p84
If the entity prepares a separate income statement, this includes: (a) Items (a)-(f) in paragraph 3 above. (b) Item (a) in paragraph 4 above.
1p12
If the two-statement presentation is used, the statement of comprehensive income follows immediately after the income statement. Additional line items, headings and subtotals are presented in the statement of comprehensive income and the income statement (where presented) when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entitys nancial performance. For example, a sub-total of gross prot (revenue less cost of sales) may be included where expenses have been classied by function. Additional sub-headings should be used with care. The Framework for the preparation and presentation of nancial statements states that, to be useful, information must be reliable; that is, free from material error and bias. The apparent exibility in IAS 1 can therefore only be used to enhance users understanding of the GAAP-compliant numbers. It cannot be used to detract from the GAAP numbers. The Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR)s recommendation on disclosure of alternative performance measures provides useful guidance on the use of sub-totals and alternative performance measures: (a) GAAP numbers should be given at least equal prominence to non-GAAP numbers. (b) Additional line items, sub-totals and columns may be used, but only if they do not detract from the GAAP numbers by introducing bias or by overcrowding the income statement. (c) Each additional line item or column should contain all the revenue or expenses that relate to the particular line item or column inserted. (d) Each additional line item or column should contain only revenue or expense that is revenue or expense of the entity itself. (e) Items may be segregated (for example, by use of columns or sub-totals) where they are dierent in nature or function from other items in the income statement. (f) An entity should not mix natural and functional classications of expenses where these categories of expenses overlap.
1p85
Framework 8 p31 CESR/05178b
(g) Terms used for additional line items and sub-totals should be dened if they are not terms recognised in IFRS. (h) Additional line items, columns and sub-totals should only be presented when they are used internally to manage the business. (i) Various presentations will be acceptable individually, but consideration should be given to the aggregate eect of these presentations, so that the overall message of the income statement is not distorted or confused. The presentation method should generally be consistent from year to year.
(j)
4

EBIT (earnings before interest and tax) may be an appropriate sub-heading to show in the income statement. This line item usually distinguishes between the pre-tax prots arising from operating activities and those arising from nancing activities.
10 In contrast, a sub-total for EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation) can only be included as a sub-total where the entity presents its expenses by nature and provided the sub-total does not detract from the GAAP numbers either by implying that EBITDA is the real prot or by overcrowding the income statement so that the reader cannot determine easily the entitys GAAP performance. Where an entity presents its expenses by function, it will not be possible to show depreciation and amortisation as separate line items in arriving at operating prot, because depreciation and amortisation are types of expense, not functions of the business. In this case, EBITDA can only be disclosed by way of footnote, in the notes or in the review of operation. Material items of income and expense
1p97
11 When items of income and expense are material, their nature and amount is disclosed separately either in the income statement or in the notes. In the case of IFRS GAAP plc these disclosures are made on the face of the income statement and in note 29a. 12 IAS 1 does not provide a specic name for the types of items that should be separately disclosed. Where an entity discloses a separate category of exceptional, signicant or unusual items either in the income statement or in the notes, the accounting policy note should include a denition of the chosen term. The presentation and denition of these items should be applied consistently from year to year. However, it is not appropriate to show an operating prot line which excludes these items. 13 Where an entity classies its expenses by nature, it must take care to ensure that each class of expense includes all items related to that class. Material restructuring cost may, for example, include redundancy payments (employee benet cost), inventory write-downs (changes in inventory) and impairments in property, plant and equipment. It is not be acceptable to show restructuring costs as a separate line item in an analysis of expenses by nature where there is an overlap with other line items. 14 Entities that classify their expenses by function include the material items within the function to which they relate. In this case, material items can be disclosed as footnotes or in the notes to the nancial statements. Operating prot
1p85, 97
1BC56
15 An entity may elect to include a sub-total for its result from operating activities. This is permitted, but care should be taken that the amount disclosed is representative of activities that would normally be considered to be operating. Items that are clearly of an operating nature (for example, inventory write-downs, restructuring and relocation expenses) are not excluded simply because they occur infrequently or are unusual in amount. Nor can expenses be excluded
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on the grounds that they do not involve cash ows (for example, depreciation or amortisation). As a general rule, operating prot is the subtotal after other expenses that is, excluding nance costs and the share of prots of equityaccounted investments although in some circumstances it may be appropriate for the share of prots of equity-accounted investments to be included in operating prot (see paragraph 17 below). Re-ordering of line items
1p86
16 The line items and descriptions of those items are re-ordered where this is necessary to explain the elements of performance. However, entities are required to make a fair presentation and should not make any changes unless there is a good reason to do so. 17 For example, the share of prot of associates is normally shown after nance cost. However, where the group conducts a signicant amount of its business through associates (or joint ventures), it may be more appropriate to show nance costs after the share of prot of associates. Management may even insert a subtotal prot before nance costs if the business conducted through associates is a strategically signicant component of the groups business activity. However, an inclusion of the share of prot of associates in operating prot is only appropriate if the associates (or joint ventures) are regarded as a primary vehicle for the conduct of the groups operations. 18 Finance revenue cannot be netted against nance costs; it is included in other revenue/other income or shown separately in the income statement. Where nance income is an incidental benet, it is acceptable to present nance revenue immediately before nance costs and include a sub-total of net nance costs in the income statement. Where earning interest income is one of the entitys main line of business, it is presented as revenue. Discontinued operations
1p82(e) IFRS5 p33(a)(b)
19 As stated in paragraph 3(e) above, entities disclose a single amount in the statement of comprehensive income (or separate income statement), comprising the total of (i) the post-tax prot or loss of discontinued operations, and (ii) the post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the discontinued operation. Paragraph 33 of IFRS 5, Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations, also requires an analysis of this single amount. This analysis may be presented in the notes or in the statement of comprehensive income (separate income statement). If it is presented in the income statement, it should be presented in a section identied as relating to discontinued operations that is, separate from continuing operations. The analysis is not required for disposal groups that are newly acquired subsidiaries that meet the criteria to be classied as held for sale on acquisition (see IFRS 5 para 11). Earnings per share
33p66
20 IAS 33, Earnings per share, requires an entity to present in the statement of comprehensive income basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for prot or

loss from continuing operations attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity and for total prot or loss attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent entity for each class of ordinary shares. Basic and diluted EPS is disclosed with equal prominence for all periods presented.
33p67A
21 If an entity presents a separate income statement, basic and diluted earnings per share are presented at the end of that statement. 22 If diluted EPS is reported for at least one period, it should be reported for all periods presented, even if it equals basic EPS. If basic and diluted EPS are equal, dual presentation can be accomplished in one line in the statement of comprehensive income. 23 An entity that reports a discontinued operation discloses the basic and diluted amounts per share for the discontinued operation either in the statement of comprehensive income or in the notes to the nancial statements. 24 Basic and diluted EPS is disclosed even if the amounts are negative (that is, a loss per share). However, potential ordinary shares are only dilutive if their conversion would increase the loss per share. If the loss decreases, the shares are anti-dilutive. 25 When an entity presents both consolidated nancial statements and separate nancial statements prepared in accordance with IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements, the disclosures required by IAS 33 are presented only on the basis of the consolidated information. An entity that chooses to disclose EPS based on its separate nancial statements presents such EPS information only in its separate statement of comprehensive income. Components of other comprehensive income
33p67
33p68
33p69, 41, 43
33p4
1p7
26 Components of other comprehensive income (OCI) are items of income and expense (including reclassication adjustments) that are not recognised in prot or loss as required or permitted by other IFRSs. They include: changes in the revaluation surplus relating to property, plant and equipment or intangible assets; actuarial gains and losses on dened benet plans; gains and losses arising from translating the nancial statements of a foreign operation; gains and losses on remeasuring available-for-sale nancial assets; and the eective portion of gains and losses on hedging instruments in a cash ow hedge. 27 Entities may present components of other comprehensive income either net of related tax eect or before related tax eects. IFRS GAAP plc has chosen to present the items net of tax. In this case the amount of income tax relating to each component of OCI, including reclassication adjustments, is disclosed in the notes. Reclassication adjustments
1p91 1p90
1p92, 94
28 An entity discloses separately any reclassication adjustments relating to components of other comprehensive income either in the statement of

comprehensive income or in the notes. IFRS GAAP plc provides this information in note 20, Other reserves.
1p7, 95
29 Reclassication adjustments are amounts reclassied to prot or loss in the current period that were recognised in other comprehensive income in the current or previous periods. They arise, for example, on disposal of a foreign operation, on derecognition of an available-for-sale nancial asset and when a hedged forecast transaction aects prot or loss. 30 The amount of dividends recognised as distributions to owners during the period and the related amount per share are presented either in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes. Following the revisions made to IAS 1, dividends cannot be displayed in the statement of comprehensive income or income statement. Consistency
1p107
1p45
31 The presentation and classication of items in the nancial statements is retained from one period to the next unless: (a) it is apparent, following a signicant change in the nature of the entitys operations or a review of its nancial statements that another presentation or classication would be more appropriate, addressing the criteria for the selection and application of accounting policies in IAS 8, Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors; or (b) IFRS requires a change in presentation. Materiality and aggregation
1p29
32 Each material class of similar items is presented separately in the nancial statements. Items of a dissimilar nature or function are presented separately unless they are immaterial. Osetting
1p32
33 Assets and liabilities, and income and expenses, are not oset unless required or permitted by an IFRS. Examples of income and expenses that are required or permitted to be oset are as follows: (a) Gains and losses on the disposal of non-current assets, including investments and operating assets, are reported by deducting from the proceeds on disposal the carrying amount of the asset and related selling expenses. (b) Expenditure related to a provision that is recognised in accordance with IAS 37, Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, and reimbursed under a contractual arrangement with a third party (for example, a suppliers warranty agreement) may be netted against the related reimbursement.
1p34(a)
1p34(b)

1p35
(c) Gains and losses arising from a group of similar transactions are reported on a net basis (for example, foreign exchange gains and losses or gains and losses arising on nancial instruments held for trading). However, such gains and losses are reported separately if they are material. Summary 34 The requirements surrounding components of OCI can be summarised as follows:
Presentation in IFRS GAAP plc Statement of comprehensive income Note 20
Item Each component of other comprehensive income recognised during the period, classied by nature Reclassication adjustments during the period relating to components of other comprehensive income Tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income, including reclassication adjustments Reconciliation for each component of equity, showing separately: Prot/loss Each item of other comprehensive income Transactions with owners
Reference IAS1 p82(g) IAS1 p92
Requirement in standard Statement of comprehensive income Statement of comprehensive income or notes Statement of comprehensive income or notes Statement of changes in equity and notes (reconciliation showing separately each item of other comprehensive income)
IAS1 p90
Note 32
IAS1 p106(d)
Statement of changes in equity and note 20

Consolidated balance sheet

Note As at 31 December 2010 2009
1p54, 1p113, Assets 1p38 1p60 Non-current assets 1p54(a) Property, plant and equipment 1p54(c) Intangible assets 1p54(e) Investments in associates 1p54(o) Deferred income tax assets 1p54(d), IFRS7p8(d) Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p54(d), IFRS7p8(a) Derivative nancial instruments 1p54(h), IFRS7p8(c) Trade and other receivables
6 7 8 23 10 11 12
155,341 26,272 13,373 3,520 17,420 395 2,322 218,643
100,233 20,700 13,244 3,321 14,910 245 1,352 154,005
1p60, 1p66 Current assets 1p54(g) Inventories 1p54(h), IFRS7p8(c) Trade and other receivables 1p54(d), IFRS7p8(d) Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p54(d), IFRS7p8(a) Derivative nancial instruments 1p54(d), IFRS7p8(a) Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss 1p54(i), IFRS7p8 Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts)
13 12 10 11 14 15
24,700 19,765 1,950 1,069 11,820 17,928 77,232
18,182 18,330 951 7,972 34,062 79,497 79,497 233,502
IFRS5p38 Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale
16
3,333 80,565
Total assets
1p54(r) 1p78(e) 1p78(e) 1p78(e) 1p78(e) 1p54(q)
299,208
Equity and liabilities Equity attributable to owners of the parent Ordinary shares Share premium Other reserves Retained earnings Non-controlling interests Total equity
17 17 20 19
25,300 17,144 14,699 67,442 124,585 7,188 131,773
21,000 10,494 7,005 48,681 87,180 1,766 88,946
10

Note
1p60 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(e) 1p54(o), 1p56 1p54(l), 1p78(d) 1p54(l), 1p78(d)
As at 31 December 2010 2009
Liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Deferred income tax liabilities Retirement benet obligations Provisions for other liabilities and charges 22 11 23 24 25 115,121 135 12,370 4,635 1,320 133,581 96,346 129 9,053 2,233 274 108,035
1p60, 1p69 1p54(k), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(n) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(e) 1p54(l)
Current liabilities Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Provisions for other liabilities and charges 21 16,670 2,566 11,716 460 2,222 33,634 220 33,854 Total liabilities Total equity and liabilities 167,435 299,208 12,478 2,771 18,258 618 2,396 36,521 36,521 144,556 233,502
22 11 25 16
IFRS5p38 Liabilities of disposal group classied as held-for-sale
10p17
The notes on pages 1 to 118 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements. The nancial statements on pages 1 to 118 were authorised for issue by the board of directors on 24 February 2011 and were signed on its behalf. CD Suede Chief Executive G Wallace Finance Director
11

Commentary balance sheet

The commentary that follows explains some of the key requirements in IAS 1, Presentation of nancial statements, that impact the balance sheet/statement of nancial position.
1p10
IAS 1 refers to the balance sheet as the statement of nancial position. This new title is not mandatory, so IFRS GAAP plc has elected to retain the better-known title of balance sheet. Paragraph 54 of IAS 1 sets out the line items that are, as a minimum, required to be presented in the balance sheet. Additional line items, headings and subtotals are presented in the balance sheet when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entitys nancial position. An entity discloses, either in the balance sheet or in the notes, further subclassications of the line items presented, classied in a manner appropriate to the entitys operations. The detail provided in sub-classications depends on the IFRS requirements and on the size, nature and function of the amounts involved.
1p54, 55
1p77, 78
Current/non-current distinction
1p60
An entity presents current and non-current assets, and current and non-current liabilities, as separate classications in its balance sheet except when a presentation based on liquidity provides information that is reliable and is more relevant. When that exception applies, all assets and liabilities are presented broadly in order of liquidity. Whichever method of presentation is adopted, an entity discloses for each asset and liability line item that combines amounts expected to be recovered or settled (a) no more than 12 months after the reporting period; and (b) more than 12 months after the reporting period, the amount expected to be recovered or settled after more than 12 months. Current assets include assets (such as inventories and trade receivables) that are sold, consumed or realised as part of the normal operating cycle even when they are not expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period. Some current liabilities, such as trade payables and some accruals for employee and other operating costs, are part of the working capital used in the entitys normal operating cycle. Such operating items are classied as current liabilities even if they are due to be settled more than 12 months after the reporting period. The operating cycle of an entity is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in the form of cash or cash equivalents. When the entitys normal operating cycle is not clearly identiable, its duration is assumed to be 12 months.
1p61
1p66-70
1p68
12

Consistency
1p45
The presentation and classication of items in the nancial statements is retained from one period to the next unless: (a) it is apparent, following a signicant change in the nature of the entitys operations or a review of its nancial statements, that another presentation or classication would be more appropriate according to the criteria for selecting and applying accounting policies in IAS 8, Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors; or (b) an IFRS requires a change in presentation.
Materiality and aggregation

1p29
Each material class of similar items is presented separately in the nancial statements. Items of a dissimilar nature or function are presented separately unless they are immaterial.
Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities

1p54, 56
10 Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented separately from each other and from other assets and liabilities. When a distinction is made between current and non-current assets and liabilities in the balance sheet, deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented as non-current. Osetting
1p32
11 An entity does not oset assets and liabilities unless required or permitted to by an IFRS. Measuring assets net of valuation allowances for example, obsolescence allowances on inventories and doubtful debt allowances on receivables is not osetting. Three balance sheets required in certain circumstances
1p39
12 If an entity has applied an accounting policy retrospectively, restated items retrospectively or reclassied items in its nancial statements, it provides a third balance sheet as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. However, where the retrospective change in policy or the restatement has no eect on this earliest statement of nancial position, we believe that it would be sucient for the entity merely to disclose that fact.
13

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Attributable to owners of the parent 1p106,108,109 Note Balance at 1 January 2009 Comprehensive income Prot or loss Other comprehensive income 16p77(f) Gain on the 1p82(g) revaluation of land and buildings 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings, net of tax 1p82(g), Available-forIFRS7 sale nancial p20(a)(ii) assets 1p82(h) Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates 19p93A(b) Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations 1p82(g), Cash ow IFRS 7p23(c) hedges, net of tax 1p82(g), Net investment 39p102(a) hedge 1p82(g), Currency 21p52(b) translation dierences Total other comprehensive income 1p106(a) Total comprehensive income 1p106 (d)(i) 1p106 (d)(ii) 15,512 15,512 856 16,368 Share Share capital premium 20,000 10,424 Other reserves 6,364 Retained earnings 48,470 Noncontrolling Total interest 85,258 1,500 Total equity 86,758
20
759
759
759
19
(87)
87
20
62
62
62
20
91
91
91
(494)
(494)
(494)
20 20
(3) 40
(3) 40
(3) 40
20
(221)
(221)
(40)
(261)
641
(407)
234
(40)
194
641
15,105
15,746
816
16,562
Transactions with owners Employees share option scheme: IFRS2p50 Value of employee services
19
822
822
822
14

Attributable to owners of the parent Share Share capital premium 1,000 70 Other reserves Retained earnings Noncontrolling Total interest 1,070 Total equity 1,070
Note IFRS2p50 Proceeds from shares issued Tax credit relating to share option scheme 1p106 Dividends relating (d)(iii) to 2008 1p106 (d)(iii) Transaction with owners Balance at 1 January 2010 Comprehensive income 1p106 (d)(i) 1p106 (d)(ii) 1p82(g) Prot or loss Other comprehensive income Gain on the revaluation of land and buildings Depreciation transfer on land and buildings, net of tax - Available-forsale nancial assets Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates Cash ow hedges, net of tax Net investment hedge Currency translation dierences Impact of the change in the Euravian tax rate on deferred tax Total other comprehensive income 1106(a) Total comprehensive income for the period 17
19 35
1,000 21,000
70 10,494
7,005
20
20
20
(15,736) (15,736) (14,894) (13,824) 48,681 87,180
(550) (16,286) (550) (14,374) 1,766 88,946
30,617
30,617
2,548
33,165
16p41
19
(100)
100
1p82(g), IFRS7 p20(a)(ii)
20
362
362
362
(86)
(86)
(86)
1p82(g), IFRS 7p23(c) 1p82(g), 39p102(a) 1p82(g), 21p52(b)
20 20
64 (45)
64 (45)
64 (45)
20
2,066
2,066
252
2,318
12p81 (a),(b)
23
(10)
(10)
(10)
2,261
90
3,201
252
2,603
2,261
30,707
32,968
2,800
35,768
15

Attributable to owners of the parent Share Share capital premium Other reserves Retained earnings Noncontrolling Total interest Total equity
Note Transactions with owners IFRS2p50 - Value of employee services IFRS2p50 - Proceeds from shares issued - Tax credit relating to share option scheme 1p106 Issue of ordinary (d)(iii) shares related to business combination 1p106 Purchase of (d)(iii) treasury shares Convertible bond equity component, net of tax 1p106 Dividends relating (d)(iii) to 2008 1p106 (d)(iii) Total contributions by and distributions to owners Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control Non-controlling interest arising on business combination Total transactions with owners Balance at 31 December 2010
19 17
750
200
690
690 950
690 950
19
30
30
30
17 19
3,550
6,450
(2,564)
10,000 (2,564)
10,000 (2,564)
20 35
5,433
5,433
5,433
(10,102) (10,102)
(1,920) (12,022)
4,300
6,650
5,433
(11,946)
4,437
(1,920)
2,517
1p106 (d)(iii)
39
4,542
4,542
1p106 (d)(iii)
4,300 25,300
6,650 17,144
5,433 14,699
(11,946) 67,442
4,437 124,585
2,622 7,188
7,059 131,773
The notes on pages 1 to 118 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements. A statement of changes in equity for the group is required by IAS 1. It has not been included in this set of illustrative nancial statements.
16

Commentary statement of changes in equity

The commentary that follows explains some of the key requirements in IAS 1, Presentation of nancial statements, and other aspects that impact the statement of changes in equity. Non-controlling interest
1p106
Information to be included in the statement of changes in equity includes: (a) Total comprehensive income for the period, showing separately the total amounts attributable to owners of the parent and to non-controlling interest. (b) For each component of equity, the eects of retrospective application or retrospective restatement recognised in accordance with IAS 8. (c) For each component of equity, a reconciliation between the carrying amount at the beginning and the end of the period, separately disclosing changes resulting from: (i) prot or loss; (ii) each item of other comprehensive income; and (iii) transactions with owners in their capacity as owners, showing separately contributions by and distributions to owners and changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in loss of control.
The IASB has published an amendment to IAS 1, which is applicable from 1 January 2011. The standard was amended to state explicitly that an entity presents the components of changes in equity either in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes to the nancial statements. Unless otherwise specied, the proposed eective date for the amendments is for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011, although entities are permitted to adopt them earlier.
IFRS GAAP plc has included the items in the statement of changes in equity.
1p107
The amount of dividends recognised as distributions to owners during the period and the related amount per share are now disclosed either in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes and can no longer be presented in the income statement. IFRS GAAP plc presents this information in note 35.
17

Consolidated statement of cash ows

7p10, 18(b), 1p38 1p113
Note Cash ows from operating activities Cash generated from operations Interest paid Income tax paid Net cash generated from operating activities
7p21, 7p10 7p39 7p16(a) 7p16(b) 7p16(a) 7p16(c) 7p16(e) 7p16(f) 7p16(e) 7p16(f) 7p31 7p31
Year ended 31 December 2010 2009 56,234 (7,835) (14,317) 34,082 41,776 (14,773) (10,526) 16,477 (6,042) 2,979 (700) (1,126) (50) 64 1,193 1,120 (2,562) 1,070 30,000 18,000 (34,674) (15,736) (1,950) (550) (3,840) 10,075 17,587 (64) 27,598
36
7p31 7p35
Cash ows from investing activities Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PPE) Proceeds from sale of PPE Purchases of intangible assets Purchases of available-for-sale nancial assets Loans granted to associates Loan repayments received from associates Loans granted to subsidiary undertakings Loan repayments received from subsidiary undertakings Interest received Dividends received Net cash used in investing activities
39 6 36 7 10 40 40
(3,950) (9,755) 6,354 (3,050) (2,781) (1,000) 14 1,254 1,180 (11,734)
7p21, 7p10 7p17(a) 7p17(b) 7p17(c) 7p17(c) 7p17(c) 7p17(d) 7p17(c) 7p31 7p31 7p31
Cash ows from nancing activities Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares Purchase of treasury shares Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds Proceeds from issuance of redeemable preference shares Proceeds from borrowings Repayments of borrowings Proceeds from loan from subsidiary undertaking Dividends paid to companys shareholders Dividends paid to holders of redeemable preferences shares Dividends paid to non-controlling interests Net cash used in nancing activities Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of year Exchange gains/(losses) on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
17 19 22b 22c
35
950 (2,564) 50,000 8,500 (78,117) (10,102) (1,950) (1,920) (35,203) (12,855)
15 15
27,598 535 15,278
18

Commentary Statement of cash ows

The commentary that follows explains some of the key requirements in IAS 7, Statements of cash ows. Reporting cash ows Cash ows from operating activities
7p18
Cash ows from operating activities are reported using either: (a) the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments are disclosed; or (b) the indirect method, whereby prot or loss is adjusted for the eects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with investing or nancing cash ows.
7p20
IFRS GAAP plc continues to use the indirect method. For an illustration of a statement of cash ows presented using the direct method, refer to appendix II.
Cash ows from investing and nancing activities

7p21
Major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments arising from investing and nancing activities are reported separately, except to the extent that cash ows described in paragraphs 22 and 24 of IAS 7 are reported on a net basis.
Sale of property, plant and equipment held for rental to others

7p14
Cash ows from the sale of property, plant and equipment are normally presented as cash ows from investing activities. However, cash payments to manufacture or acquire assets that will be held for rental to others and subsequently for sale are cash ows from operating activities. The cash receipts from rents and subsequent sales of such assets are also therefore cash ows from operating activities.
Reporting on a net basis

7p22, 23
Cash ows arising from the following operating, investing or nancing activities may be reported on a net basis: (a) cash receipts and payments on behalf of customers when the cash ows reect the activities of the customer rather than those of the entity (for example, rents collected on behalf of, and paid over to, the owners of properties); and (b) cash receipts and payments for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short (for example, advances made for, and repayment of, principal amounts relating to credit card customers).
19

7p24
Cash ows arising from each of the following activities of a nancial institution may be reported on a net basis: (a) Cash receipts and payments for the acceptance and repayment of deposits with a xed maturity date. (b) The placement of deposits with, and withdrawal of deposits from, other nancial institutions. (c) Cash advances and loans made to customers and the repayment of those advances and loans.
Interest and dividends

7p31
Cash ows from interest and dividends received and paid are each disclosed separately. Each is classied in a consistent manner from period to period as either operating, investing or nancing activities.
7p33
10 Interest paid and interest and dividends received are usually classied as operating cash ows for a nancial institution. However, there is no consensus on the classication of these cash ows for other entities. Interest paid and interest and dividends received may be classied as operating cash ows because they enter into the determination of net prot or loss. Alternatively, interest paid and interest and dividends received may be classied as nancing cash ows and investing cash ows respectively, because they are costs of obtaining nancial resources or returns on investments. 11 Dividends paid may be classied as nancing cash ows because they are a cost of obtaining nancial resources. Alternatively, they may be classied as operating cash ows to assist users to determine the ability of an entity to pay dividends out of operating cash ows. Income taxes
7p34
7p35
12 Cash ows arising from income taxes are separately disclosed and classied as cash ows from operating activities unless they can be specically identied with nancing and investing activities. Eects of exchange rate changes
7p28
13 Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not cash ows. However, the eect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents held or due in a foreign currency are reported in the statement of cash ows in order to reconcile cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and the end of the period. This amount is presented separately from cash ows from operating, investing and nancing activities. It also includes the dierences, if any, had those cash ows been reported at period-end exchange rates.
20

Additional recommended disclosures

7p50
14 Additional information may be relevant to users in understanding the nancial position and liquidity of an entity. Disclosure of this information, together with a commentary by management, is encouraged and may include: (a) The amount of undrawn borrowing facilities that may be available for future operating activities and to settle capital commitments, indicating any restrictions on the use of these facilities. (b) The aggregate amount of cash ows that represent increases in operating capacity separately from those cash ows that are required to maintain operating capacity. (c) The amount of the cash ows arising from the operating, investing and nancing activities of each reportable segment (see IFRS 8, Operating segments).
7p50(a)
7p50(c)
7p50(d)
21

Notes to the consolidated nancial statements

1 General information
1p138 (b)(c) 1p51(a)(b)
IFRS GAAP plc (the company) and its subsidiaries (together, the group) manufacture distribute and sell shoes through a network of independent retailers. The group has manufacturing plants around the world and sells mainly in countries within the UK, the US and Europe. During the year, the group acquired control of ABC Group, a shoe and leather goods retailer operating in the US and most western European countries.
2 Summary of signicant accounting policies

1p112(a) 1p117(b) 1p119
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated nancial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 2.1 Basis of preparation
1p116 1p117(a)
The consolidated nancial statements of IFRS GAAP plc have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and IFRIC interpretations. The consolidated nancial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modied by the revaluation of land and buildings, available-for-sale nancial assets, and nancial assets and nancial liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value through prot or loss. The preparation of nancial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the groups accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are signicant to the consolidated nancial statements are disclosed in note 4. 2.1.1 Going concern As a result of the funding activities undertaken and the increased focus on working capital, despite signicant additional debt arising from the acquisitions made in the last three years, the group has improved both its short-term and medium-term liquidity position. Interest is more than six times covered by operating prot and comfortably within the targets set by the Board. The groups forecasts and projections, taking account of reasonably possible changes in trading performance, show that the group should be able to operate within the level of its current nancing. After making enquiries, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The group therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its consolidated nancial statements. 2.1.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (a) New and amended standards adopted by the group The following new standards and amendments to standards are mandatory for the rst time for the nancial year beginning 1 January 2010.
22

8p28
&
IFRS 3 (revised), Business combinations, and consequential amendments to IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements, IAS 28, Investments in associates, and IAS 31, Interests in joint ventures, are eective prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the rst annual reporting period beginning on or after 1 July 2009. The revised standard continues to apply the acquisition method to business combinations but with some signicant changes compared with IFRS 3. For example, all payments to purchase a business are recorded at fair value at the acquisition date, with contingent payments classied as debt subsequently remeasured through the statement of comprehensive income. There is a choice on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis to measure the non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests proportionate share of the acquirees net assets. All acquisition-related costs are expensed. The revised standard was applied to the acquisition of the controlling interest in ABC Group on 1 March 2010. This acquisition has occurred in stages. The revised standard requires goodwill to be determined only at the acquisition date rather than at the previous stages. The determination of goodwill includes the previously held equity interest to be adjusted to fair value, with any gain or loss recorded in the income statement. Contingent consideration of C1,000 has been recognised at fair value at 1 March 2010. The contingent consideration would not have previously been recorded at the date of acquisition, as the payment to the former owners of ABC Group was not probable. Acquisition-related costs of C200 have been recognised in the consolidated income statement, which previously would have been included in the consideration for the business combination. An indemnication asset of C1,000 has been recognised by the group at an amount equivalent to the fair value of the indemnied liability. The indemnication asset is deducted from consideration transferred for the business combination. This possible compensation from the selling shareholders of ABC Group would not have previously been recognised as an indemnication asset of the acquirer and would have been adjusted against goodwill once received from the vendor. Subsequent measurement of the indemnication asset and contingent liability will have no net impact on future earnings, unless the indemnication asset becomes impaired. The group has chosen to recognise the non-controlling interest at fair value of C6,451 for this acquisition rather than the proportionate share of net assets of ABC Group of C4,542, which is also allowed. Previously there was no choice, and the non-controlling interest would have been recognised at the proportionate share (30%) of the net assets of ABC Group of C4,542. See note 39 for further details of the business combination that occurred in 2010. IAS 27 (revised) requires the eects of all transactions with non-controlling interests to be recorded in equity if there is no change in control and these transactions will no longer result in goodwill or gains and losses. The standard also species the accounting when control is lost. Any remaining interest in the entity is re-measured to fair value, and a gain or loss is recognised in prot or loss. IAS 27 (revised) has had no impact on the current period, as none of the non-controlling interests have a decit balance; there have been no transactions whereby an interest in an entity is retained after the loss of control of that entity, and there have been no transactions with non-controlling interests.
23

(b) New and amended standards, and interpretations mandatory for the rst time for the nancial year beginning 1 January 2010 but not currently relevant to the group (although they may aect the accounting for future transactions and events)1
8p30
The following standards and amendments to existing standards have been published and are mandatory for the groups accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2010 or later periods, but the group has not early adopted them.
&
IFRIC 17, Distribution of non-cash assets to owners (eective on or after 1 July 2009). The interpretation was published in November 2008. This interpretation provides guidance on accounting for arrangements whereby an entity distributes non-cash assets to shareholders either as a distribution of reserves or as dividends. IFRS 5 has also been amended to require that assets are classied as held for distribution only when they are available for distribution in their present condition and the distribution is highly probable. IFRIC 18, Transfers of assets from customers, eective for transfer of assets received on or after 1 July 2009. This interpretation claries the requirements of IFRSs for agreements in which an entity receives from a customer an item of property, plant and equipment that the entity must then use either to connect the customer to a network or to provide the customer with ongoing access to a supply of goods or services (such as a supply of electricity, gas or water). In some cases, the entity receives cash from a customer that must be used only to acquire or construct the item of property, plant, and equipment in order to connect the customer to a network or provide the customer with ongoing access to a supply of goods or services (or to do both). IFRIC 9, Reassessment of embedded derivatives and IAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement, eective 1 July 2009. This amendment to IFRIC 9 requires an entity to assess whether an embedded derivative should be separated from a host contract when the entity reclassies a hybrid nancial asset out of the fair value through prot or loss category. This assessment is to be made based on circumstances that existed on the later of the date the entity rst became a party to the contract and the date of any contract amendments that signicantly change the cash ows of the contract. If the entity is unable to make this assessment, the hybrid instrument must remains classied as at fair value through prot or loss in its entirety. IFRIC 16, Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation eective 1 July 2009. This amendment states that, in a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, qualifying hedging instruments may be held by any entity or entities within the group, including the foreign operation itself, as long as the designation, documentation and eectiveness requirements of IAS 39 that relate to a net investment hedge are satised. In particular, the group should clearly document its hedging strategy because of the possibility of dierent designations at dierent levels of the group. IAS 38 (amendment), Intangible assets, eective 1 January 2010. The amendment claries guidance in measuring the fair value of an intangible asset acquired in a business combination and permits the grouping of intangible assets as a single asset if each asset has similar useful economic lives.
&
&
&
1 A detailed list of standards and interpretations in issue at 1 June 2010 that are eective for annual reporting periods beginning after 1 January 2010 is provided in Appendix VII.
24

&
IAS 1 (amendment), Presentation of nancial statements. The amendment claries that the potential settlement of a liability by the issue of equity is not relevant to its classication as current or non current. By amending the denition of current liability, the amendment permits a liability to be classied as non-current (provided that the entity has an unconditional right to defer settlement by transfer of cash or other assets for at least 12 months after the accounting period) notwithstanding the fact that the entity could be required by the counterparty to settle in shares at any time. IAS 36 (amendment), Impairment of assets, eective 1 January 2010. The amendment claries that the largest cash-generating unit (or group of units) to which goodwill should be allocated for the purposes of impairment testing is an operating segment, as dened by paragraph 5 of IFRS 8, Operating segments (that is, before the aggregation of segments with similar economic characteristics). IFRS 2 (amendments), Group cash-settled share-based payment transactions, eective form 1 January 2010. In addition to incorporating IFRIC 8, Scope of IFRS 2, and IFRIC 11, IFRS 2 Group and treasury share transactions, the amendments expand on the guidance in IFRIC 11 to address the classication of group arrangements that were not covered by that interpretation. IFRS 5 (amendment), Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations. The amendment claricaties that IFRS 5 species the disclosures required in respect of non-current assets (or disposal groups) classied as held for sale or discontinued operations. It also claries that the general requirement of IAS 1 still apply, in particular paragraph 15 (to achieve a fair presentation) and paragraph 125 (sources of estimation uncertainty) of IAS 1. (c) New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not eective for the nancial year beginning 1 January 2010 and not early adopted The groups and parent entitys assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below.
&
&
&
&
IFRS 9, Financial instruments, issued in November 2009. This standard is the rst step in the process to replace IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition and measurement. IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for classifying and measuring nancial assets and is likely to aect the groups accounting for its nancial assets. The standard is not applicable until 1 January 2013 but is available for early adoption. However, the standard has not yet been endorsed by the EU. The group is yet to assess IFRS 9s full impact. However, initial indications are that it may aect the groups accounting for its debt available-for-sale nancial assets, as IFRS 9 only permits the recognition of fair value gains and losses in other comprehensive income if they relate to equity investments that are not held for trading. Fair value gains and losses on available-for-sale debt investments, for example, will therefore have to be recognised directly in prot or loss. In the current reporting period, the group recognised C5,000 of such gains in other comprehensive income.
&
Revised IAS 24 (revised), Related party disclosures, issued in November 2009. It supersedes IAS 24, Related party disclosures, issued in 2003. IAS 24 (revised) is mandatory for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011. Earlier application, in whole or in part, is permitted. However, the standard has not yet been endorsed by the EU.

The revised standard claries and simplies the denition of a related party and removes the requirement for government-related entities to disclose details of all transactions with the government and other government-related entities. The group will apply the revised standard from 1 January 2011. When the revised standard is applied, the group and the parent will need to disclose any transactions between its subsidiaries and its associates. The group is currently putting systems in place to capture the necessary information. It is, therefore, not possible at this stage to disclose the impact, if any, of the revised standard on the related party disclosures.
&
Classication of rights issues (amendment to IAS 32), issued in October 2009. The amendment applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 February 2010. Earlier application is permitted. The amendment addresses the accounting for rights issues that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the issuer. Provided certain conditions are met, such rights issues are now classied as equity regardless of the currency in which the exercise price is denominated. Previously, these issues had to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. The amendment applies retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors. The group will apply the amended standard from 1 January 2011. IFRIC 19, Extinguishing nancial liabilities with equity instruments, eective 1 July 2010. The interpretation claries the accounting by an entity when the terms of a nancial liability are renegotiated and result in the entity issuing equity instruments to a creditor of the entity to extinguish all or part of the nancial liability (debt for equity swap). It requires a gain or loss to be recognised in prot or loss, which is measured as the dierence between the carrying amount of the nancial liability and the fair value of the equity instruments issued. If the fair value of the equity instruments issued cannot be reliably measured, the equity instruments should be measured to reect the fair value of the nancial liability extinguished. The group will apply the interpretation from 1 January 2011, subject to endorsement by the EU. It is not expected to have any impact on the group or the parent entitys nancial statements. Prepayments of a minimum funding requirement (amendments to IFRIC 14). The amendments correct an unintended consequence of IFRIC 14, IAS 19 The limit on a dened benet asset, minimum funding requirements and their interaction. Without the amendments, entities are not permitted to recognise as an asset some voluntary prepayments for minimum funding contributions. This was not intended when IFRIC 14 was issued, and the amendments correct this. The amendments are eective for annual periods beginning 1 January 2011. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to the earliest comparative period presented. The group will apply these amendments for the nancial reporting period commencing on 1 January 2011.
&
&
1p119 27p12 27p14 27p30
2.2 Consolidation (a) Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the group has the power to govern the nancial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and eect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered
26

when assessing whether the group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.
IFRS3p5 IFRS3p37 IFRS3p39 IFRS3p53 IFRS3p18 IFRS3p19
The group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. Identiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests proportionate share of the acquirees net assets. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. Cost is adjusted to reect changes in consideration arising from contingent consideration amendments. Cost also includes direct attributable costs of investment.
IFRS3p32 IFRS3p34
The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the groups share of the identiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If this is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the dierence is recognised directly in the statement of comprehensive income (note 2.6). Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. (b) Transactions and non-controlling interests
27p24 27p28
27p30,31
The group treats transactions with non-controlling interests as transactions with equity owners of the group. For purchases from non-controlling interests, the dierence between any consideration paid and the relevant share acquired of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity. When the group ceases to have control or signicant inuence, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value, with the change in carrying amount recognised in prot or loss. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or nancial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassied to prot or loss. If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but signicant inuence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassied to prot or loss where appropriate.
27p34,35, 28p18
28p19A
27

1p119 28p13 28p11
(c) Associates Associates are all entities over which the group has signicant inuence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are initially recognised at cost. The groups investment in associates includes goodwill identied on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment loss. The groups share of its associates post-acquisition prots or losses is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the groups share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. Unrealised gains on transactions between the group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the groups interest in the associates. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. Dilution gains and losses arising in investments in associates are recognised in the income statement. Changes in accounting policy
28p29 28p30
28p22 28p26
8p28
The group has changed its accounting policy for transactions with non-controlling interests and the accounting for loss of control or signicant inuence from 1 January 2010 when revised IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements, became eective. The revision to IAS 27 contained consequential amendments to IAS 28, Investments in associates, and IAS 31, Interests in joint ventures. Previously transactions with non-controlling interests were treated as transactions with parties external to the group. Disposals therefore resulted in gains or losses in prot or loss and purchases resulted in the recognition of goodwill. On disposal or partial disposal, a proportionate interest in reserves attributable to the subsidiary was reclassied to prot or loss or directly to retained earnings. Previously, when the group ceased to have control or signicant inuence over an entity, the carrying amount of the investment at the date control or signicant inuence became its cost for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interests as associates, jointly controlled entity or nancial assets. The group has applied the new policy prospectively to transactions occurring on or after 1 January 2010. As a consequence, no adjustments were necessary to any of the amounts previously recognised in the nancial statements.
28

1p119
2.3 Segment reporting segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identied as the steering committee that makes strategic decisions. 2.4 Foreign currency translation (a) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the nancial statements of each of the groups entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated nancial statements are presented in currency (C), which is the groups presentation currency. (b) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash ow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the income statement within nance income or cost. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the income statement within other (losses)/gains net.
IFRS8p5(b) Operating
1p119 1p119 21p17 21p9, 18 1p51(d)
1p119 21p21, 28 21p32 39p95(a) 39p102(a)
39AG83
Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in foreign currency classied as available for sale are analysed between translation dierences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation dierences related to changes in amortised cost are recognised in prot or loss, and other changes in carrying amount are recognised in other comprehensive income. Translation dierences on non-monetary nancial assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value through prot or loss are recognised in prot or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss. Translation dierences on non-monetary nancial assets, such as equities classied as available for sale, are included in other comprehensive income. (c) Group companies The results and nancial position of all the group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-inationary economy) that have a functional currency dierent from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (a) assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;
21p30
1p119 21p39
21p39(a)
29

21p39(b) 21p39
1p79(b) 1p79(b) 21p39(c) 1p79(b) 39p102
(b) income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative eect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and (c) all resulting exchange dierences are recognised in other comprehensive income. On consolidation, exchange dierences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations, and of borrowings and other currency instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to other comprehensive income . When a foreign operation is partially disposed of or sold, exchange dierences that were recorded in equity are recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate. 2.5 Property, plant and equipment Land and buildings comprise mainly factories, retail outlets and oces. Land and buildings are shown at fair value, based on annual valuations by external independent valuers, less subsequent depreciation for buildings. Any accumulated depreciation at the date of revaluation is eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset, and the net amount is restated to the revalued amount of the asset. All other property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains/losses on qualifying cash ow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment. Subsequent costs are included in the assets carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benets associated with the item will ow to the group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the nancial period in which they are incurred. Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation of land and buildings are credited to other comprehensive income and shown as other reserves in shareholders equity. Decreases that oset previous increases of the same asset are charged in other comprehensive income and debited against other reserves directly in equity; all other decreases are charged to the income statement. Each year the dierence between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset charged to the income statement, and depreciation based on the assets original cost is transferred from other reserves to retained earnings. Land is not depreciated. Depreciation on other assets is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:
& & & &
21p47
1p119 16p73(a) 16p35(b) 16p15 16p17 39p98(b)
16p12
16p39, 1p79(b) 1p79(b) 16p40 16p41
16p73(b), 50 16p73(c)
Buildings Machinery Vehicles Furniture, ttings and equipment
25-40 years 10-15 years 3-5 years 3-8 years
30

16p51
The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. An assets carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the assets carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount (note 2.7). Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within Other (losses)/gains net in the income statement. When revalued assets are sold, the amounts included in other reserves are transferred to retained earnings. 2.6 Intangible assets (a) Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the groups share of the net identiable assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benet from the business combination in which the goodwill arose, identied according to operating segment. (b) Trademarks and licences Separately acquired trademarks and licences are shown at historical cost. Trademarks and licences acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Trademarks and licences have a nite useful life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of trademarks and licences over their estimated useful lives of 15 to 20 years. Acquired computer software licences are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specic software. These costs are amortised over their estimated useful lives of three to ve years. (c) Contractual customer relationships Contractual customer relationships acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. The contractual customer relations have a nite useful life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method over the expected life of the customer relationship.
36p59
16p68, 71
16p41, 1p79(b) 1p119 1p119 IFRS3p51 38p108(a) IFRS3p54 36p124
36p80
1p119 38p74 38p97 38p118 (a)(b)
38p4 38p118 (a)(b)
31

1p119 38p57
(d) Computer software Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identiable and unique software products controlled by the group are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:
&
it is technically feasible to complete the software product so that it will be available for use; management intends to complete the software product and use or sell it; there is an ability to use or sell the software product; it can be demonstrated how the software product will generate probable future economic benets; adequate technical, nancial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software product are available; and the expenditure attributable to the software product during its development can be reliably measured.
& & &
&
&
38p66
Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the software product include the software development employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads. Other development expenditures that do not meet these criteria are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent period. Computer software development costs recognised as assets are amortised over their estimated useful lives, which does not exceed three years. 2.7 Impairment of non-nancial assets Assets that have an indenite useful life for example, goodwill or intangible assets not ready to use are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the assets carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an assets fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identiable cash ows (cash-generating units). Non-nancial assets other than goodwill that suered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date. 2.8 Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classied as assets held for sale when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction and a sale is considered highly probable. They are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell if their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable.
38p68, 71
38p97 38p118 (a)(b) 1p119 36p9 36p10
1p119 IFRS5p6, 15
32

1p119
2.9 Financial assets 2.9.1 Classication
IFRS7p21 39p9
The group classies its nancial assets in the following categories: at fair value through prot or loss, loans and receivables, and available for sale. The classication depends on the purpose for which the nancial assets were acquired. Management determines the classication of its nancial assets at initial recognition. (a) Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss
39p9
Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss are nancial assets held for trading. A nancial asset is classied in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term. Derivatives are also categorised as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classied as current assets if expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise, they are classied as non-current. (b) Loans and receivables
39p9 1p66, 68
Loans and receivables are non-derivative nancial assets with xed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the reporting period. These are classied as non-current assets. The groups loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet (notes 2.12 and 2.13). (c) Available-for-sale nancial assets
39p9 1p66, 68 IFRS7 AppxB5(b)
Available-for-sale nancial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classied in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless the investment matures or management intends to dispose of it within 12 months of the end of the reporting period. 2.9.2 Recognition and measurement
39p38 IFRS7 AppxBp5 39p43 39p16 39p46
Regular purchases and sales of nancial assets are recognised on the trade-date the date on which the group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all nancial assets not carried at fair value through prot or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through prot or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the income statement. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash ows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Available-for-sale nancial assets and nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. Loans and receivables are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the eective interest method.
39p55(a) Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the nancial assets at fair value IFRS7Appx through prot or loss category are presented in the income statement within other Bp5(e)
(losses)/gains net in the period in which they arise. Dividend income from nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss is recognised in the income statement as part of other income when the groups right to receive payments is established.
33

39p55(b) IFRS7 AppxB p5(e) 39AG83 1p79(b) 39p67
Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classied as available for sale are recognised in other comprehensive income.
When securities classied as available for sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity are included in the income statement as gains and losses from investment securities. Interest on available-for-sale securities calculated using the eective interest method is recognised in the income statement as part of other income. Dividends on available-forsale equity instruments are recognised in the income statement as part of other income when the groups right to receive payments is established. 2.10 Osetting nancial instruments
32p42
Financial assets and liabilities are oset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to oset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 2.11 Impairment of nancial assets (a) Assets carried at amortised cost
39p58 39p59
The group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a nancial asset or group of nancial assets is impaired. A nancial asset or a group of nancial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a loss event) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash ows of the nancial asset or group of nancial assets that can be reliably estimated. The criteria that the group uses to determine that there is objective evidence of an impairment loss include:
& &
IFRS7 AppxB5(f)
signicant nancial diculty of the issuer or obligor; a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; the group, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrowers nancial diculty, granting to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider; it becomes probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other nancial reorganisation; the disappearance of an active market for that nancial asset because of nancial diculties; or observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash ows from a portfolio of nancial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identied with the individual nancial assets in the portfolio, including:
&
&
&
&
34

(i) adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers in the portfolio; and (ii) national or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on the assets in the portfolio.
39p64 IFRS7p16 39AG84
The group rst assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists. For loans and receivables category, the amount of the loss is measured as the dierence between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash ows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the nancial assets original eective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. If a loan or heldto-maturity investment has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current eective interest rate determined under the contract. As a practical expedient, the group may measure impairment on the basis of an instruments fair value using an observable market price. If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtors credit rating), the reversal of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. (b) Assets classied as available for sale
IFRS7 AppxB5(d) 39p65
39p67 39p68 39p69 39p70
The group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a nancial asset or a group of nancial assets is impaired. For debt securities, the group uses the criteria refer to (a) above. In the case of equity investments classied as available for sale, a signicant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is also evidence that the assets are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale nancial assets, the cumulative loss measured as the dierence between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that nancial asset previously recognised in prot or loss is removed from equity and recognised in the separate consolidated income statement. Impairment losses recognised in the separate consolidated income statement on equity instruments are not reversed through the separate consolidated income statement. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classied as available for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in prot or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the separate consolidated income statement. Impairment testing of trade receivables is described in note 2.14.
1p119 IFRS7p21 IFRS7p22
2.12 Derivative nancial instruments and hedging activities Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The group designates certain derivatives as either: (a) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a rm commitment (fair value hedge);
35

(b) hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash ow hedge); or (c) hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge).
39p88
The group documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly eective in osetting changes in fair values or cash ows of hedged items. The fair values of various derivative instruments used for hedging purposes are disclosed in note 11. Movements on the hedging reserve in other comprehensive income are shown in note 20. The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classied as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining hedged item is more than 12 months, and as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months. Trading derivatives are classied as a current asset or liability. (a) Fair value hedge Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the income statement, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The group only applies fair value hedge accounting for hedging xed interest risk on borrowings. The gain or loss relating to the eective portion of interest rate swaps hedging xed rate borrowings is recognised in the income statement within nance costs. The gain or loss relating to the ineective portion is recognised in the income statement within other gains/(losses) net. Changes in the fair value of the hedge xed rate borrowings attributable to interest rate risk are recognised in the income statement within nance costs.
IFRS7p23, 24
39p89
39p92
If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the eective interest method is used is amortised to prot or loss over the period to maturity. (b) Cash ow hedge The eective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash ow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement within other gains/(losses) net. Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassied to prot or loss in the periods when the hedged item aects prot or loss (for example, when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place). The gain or loss relating to the eective portion of interest rate swaps hedging variable rate borrowings is recognised in the income statement within revenue. However, when the forecast transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of a nonnancial asset (for example, inventory or xed assets), the gains and losses previously deferred in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the asset. The deferred amounts are ultimately recognised in cost of goods sold in the case of inventory or in depreciation in the case of xed assets. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time
39p95 1p79(b)
39p99, 100 39p98(b)
39p101
36

remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the income statement. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is immediately transferred to the income statement within other gains/(losses) net.
39p102 (a)(b)
(c) Net investment hedge Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash ow hedges.
1p79(b)
Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the eective portion of the hedge is recognised in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement within other gains/(losses) net. Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the income statement when the foreign operation is partially disposed of or sold.
1p119 2p36(a), 9 2p10, 25 23p6, 7 2p28, 30 39p98(b)
2.13 Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the rst-in, rst-out (FIFO) method. The cost of nished goods and work in progress comprises design costs, raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads (based on normal operating capacity). It excludes borrowing costs. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. Costs of inventories include the transfer from equity of any gains/losses on qualifying cash ow hedges purchases of raw materials1 2.14 Trade receivables Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If collection is expected in one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer), they are classied as current assets. If not, they are presented as non-current assets. initially at fair value and subsequently measured at interest method, less provision for impairment.
1p119 IFRS7p21
39p43 Trade receivables are recognised 39p46(a) amortised cost using the eective 39p59 IFRS7 AppxBp5(f) IFRS7 AppxB p5(d) 1p119 IFRS7p21 7p45
2.15 Cash and cash equivalents In the consolidated statement of cash ows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. In the consolidated balance sheet, bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
1 Management may choose to keep these gains in equity until the acquired asset aects prot or loss. At this time, management should re-classify the gains to prot or loss.
37

1p119 IFRS7p21 32p18(a) 32p37
2.16 Share capital Ordinary shares are classied as equity. Mandatorily redeemable preference shares are classied as liabilities (note 2.16). Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Where any group company purchases the companys equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the companys equity holders until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where such ordinary shares are subsequently reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax eects, is included in equity attributable to the companys equity holders. 2.17 Trade payables Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classied as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
32p33
1p119
IFRS7p21 39p43 1p119 IFRS7p21 39p43 39p47
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the eective interest method. 2.18 Borrowings Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost; any dierence between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the eective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw-down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a pre-payment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.
32p18(a) 32p35
Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable on a specic date, are classied as liabilities. The dividends on these preference shares are recognised in the income statement as interest expense. 2.19 Compound nancial instruments
32p28
Compound nancial instruments issued by the group comprise convertible notes that can be converted to share capital at the option of the holder, and the number of shares to be issued does not vary with changes in their fair value. The liability component of a compound nancial instrument is recognised initially at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option. The equity component is recognised initially at the dierence between the fair value of the compound
32AG31
38

nancial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.
32p36
Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound nancial instrument is measured at amortised cost using the eective interest method. The equity component of a compound nancial instrument is not re-measured subsequent to initial recognition except on conversion or expiry. Borrowings are classied as current liabilities unless the group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period. 2.20 Current and deferred income tax The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary dierences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated nancial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction aects neither accounting nor taxable prot or loss. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable prot will be available against which the temporary dierences can be utilised. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary dierences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except for deferred income tax liability where the timing of the reversal of the temporary dierence is controlled by the group and it is probable that the temporary dierence will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are oset when there is a legally enforceable right to oset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or dierent taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
1p69, 71
1p119 12p58 12p61A
12p12 12p46
12p24 12p15 12p47
12p24, 34
12p39, 44
12p74
39

1p119
2.21 Employee benets (a) Pension obligations
19p27 Group companies operate various pension schemes. The schemes are generally funded 19p25 through payments to insurance companies or trustee-administered funds, determined by 19p7 19p120A(b) periodic actuarial calculations. The group has both dened benet and dened
contribution plans. A dened contribution plan is a pension plan under which the group pays xed contributions into a separate entity. The group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sucient assets to pay all employees the benets relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. A dened benet plan is a pension plan that is not a dened contribution plan. Typically dened benet plans dene an amount of pension benet that an employee will receive on retirement, usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service and compensation.
19p79 19p80 19p64
The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of dened benet pension plans is the present value of the dened benet obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognised past-service costs. The dened benet obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the dened benet obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benets will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension obligation. In countries where there is no deep market in such bonds, the market rates on government bonds are used.
19p93-93D Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial 19p120A(a) assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the
period in which they arise.

19p96
Past-service costs are recognised immediately in income, unless the changes to the pension plan are conditional on the employees remaining in service for a specied period of time (the vesting period). In this case, the past-service costs are amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. For dened contribution plans, the group pays contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benet expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available. (b) Other post-employment obligations
19p44
19p120A (a-b)
Some group companies provide post-retirement healthcare benets to their retirees. The entitlement to these benets is usually conditional on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benets are accrued over the period of employment using the same accounting methodology as used for dened benet pension plans. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. These obligations are valued annually by independent qualied actuaries.
40

(c) Termination benets

19p133 19p134 19p139 19p140
Termination benets are payable when employment is terminated by the group before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benets. The group recognises termination benets when it is demonstrably committed to a termination when the entity has a detailed formal plan to terminate the employment of current employees without possibility of withdrawal. In the case of an oer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benets are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the oer. Benets falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to their present value. (d) Prot-sharing and bonus plans
19p17
The group recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses and prot-sharing, based on a formula that takes into consideration the prot attributable to the companys shareholders after certain adjustments. The group recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation. 2.22 Share-based payments The group operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans, under which the entity receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the group. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: including any market performance conditions (for example, an entitys share price); excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (for example, protability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specied time period); and including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example, the requirement for employees to save).
1p119 IFRS2 p15(b) IFRS2p19
IFRS2p21 & IFRS2p20 &
IFRS2p21A &
IFRS2p15 IFRS2p20
Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specied vesting conditions are to be satised. At the end of each reporting period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-marke vesting conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. When the options are exercised, the company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the options are exercised. The grant by the company of options over its equity instruments to the employees of subsidiary undertakings in the group is treated as a capital contribution. The fair value of employee services received, measured by reference to the grant date fair value, is recognised over the vesting period as an increase to investment in subsidiary undertakings, with a corresponding credit to equity.

The social security contributions payable in connection with the grant of the share options is considered an integral part of the grant itself, and the charge will be treated as a cash-settled transaction.
1p119 37p14 37p72 37p63
2.23 Provisions Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognised when: the group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specic to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense. 2.24 Revenue recognition Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of the groups activities. Revenue is shown net of value-added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the group. The group recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benets will ow to the entity and when specic criteria have been met for each of the groups activities as described below. The group bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specics of each arrangement.
37p24
37p45
1p119 18p35(a)
18p14
(a) Sales of goods wholesale The group manufactures and sells a range of footwear products in the wholesale market. Sales of goods are recognised when a group entity has delivered products to the wholesaler, the wholesaler has full discretion over the channel and price to sell the products, and there is no unfullled obligation that could aect the wholesalers acceptance of the products. Delivery does not occur until the products have been shipped to the specied location, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the wholesaler, and either the wholesaler has accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed or the group has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satised. The footwear products are often sold with volume discounts; customers have a right to return faulty products in the wholesale market. Sales are recorded based on the price specied in the sales contracts, net of the estimated volume discounts and returns at the time of sale. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the discounts
42

and returns. The volume discounts are assessed based on anticipated annual purchases. No element of nancing is deemed present as the sales are made with a credit term of 60 days, which is consistent with the market practice.
18p14
(b) Sales of goods retail The group operates a chain of retail outlets for selling shoes and other leather products. Sales of goods are recognised when a group entity sells a product to the customer. Retail sales are usually in cash or by credit card. It is the groups policy to sell its products to the retail customer with a right to return within 28 days. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for such returns at the time of sale. The group does not operate any loyalty programmes.
18p20
(c) Sales of services The group sells design services and transportation services to other shoe manufacturers. These services are provided on a time and material basis or as a xed-price contract, with contract terms generally ranging from less than one year to three years. Revenue from time and material contracts, typically from delivering design services, is recognised under the percentage-of-completion method. Revenue is generally recognised at the contractual rates. For time contracts, the stage of completion is measured on the basis of labour hours delivered as a percentage of total hours to be delivered. For material contracts, the stage of completion is measured on the basis of direct expenses incurred as a percentage of the total expenses to be incurred. Revenue from xed-price contracts for delivering design services is also recognised under the percentage-of-completion method. Revenue is generally recognised based on the services performed to date as a percentage of the total services to be performed. Revenue from xed-price contracts for delivering transportation services is generally recognised in the period the services are provided, using a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. If circumstances arise that may change the original estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion, estimates are revised. These revisions may result in increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs and are reected in income in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the revision become known by management.
18p30(a) 39p63
(d) Interest income Interest income is recognised using the eective interest method. When a loan and receivable is impaired, the group reduces the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, being the estimated future cash ow discounted at the original eective interest rate of the instrument, and continues unwinding the discount as interest income. Interest income on impaired loan and receivables are recognised using the original eective interest rate. (e) Royalty income Royalty income is recognised on an accruals basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreements.
18p30(b)
43

18p30(c)
(f) Dividend income Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established. Change in accounting policy
7p17 IAS 8p28
The group has changed its accounting policy for dividends paid out of pre-acquisition prots from 1 July 2009 when the revised IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements, became eective. Previously, dividends paid out of pre-acquisition prots were deducted from the cost of the investment. The new accounting policy is applied prospectively in accordance with the transition provisions. It was therefore not necessary to make any adjustments to any of the amounts previously recognised in the nancial statements. 2.25 Leases Leases in which a signicant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classied as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. The group leases certain property, plant and equipment. Leases of property, plant and equipment where the group has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classied as nance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the leases commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and nance charges. The corresponding rental obligations, net of nance charges, are included in other long-term payables. The interest element of the nance cost is charged to the income statement over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The property, plant and equipment acquired under nance leases is depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. 2.26 Dividend distribution Dividend distribution to the companys shareholders is recognised as a liability in the groups nancial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the companys shareholders.
1p119 17p33 SIC-15p5
1p119
17p20 17p27
1p119 10p12
44

Commentary Summary of signicant accounting policies

Statement of compliance with IFRS
1p16
An entity whose nancial statements and notes comply with IFRS makes an explicit and unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes. The nancial statements and notes are not described as complying with IFRS unless they comply with all the requirements of IFRS. Where an entity can make the explicit and unreserved statement of compliance in respect of only: (a) the parent nancial statements and notes, or (b) the consolidated nancial statements and notes, it clearly identies to which nancial statements and notes the statement of compliance relates.
Summary of accounting policies 3

1p117(a)
A summary of signicant accounting policies includes: (a) the measurement basis (or bases) used in preparing the nancial statements; and (b) the other accounting policies used that are relevant to an understanding of the nancial statements.
1p117(b)
1p116
The summary may be presented as a separate component of the nancial statements. In deciding whether a particular accounting policy should be disclosed, management considers whether disclosure would assist users in understanding how transactions, other events and conditions are reected in the reported nancial performance and nancial position. Some IFRSs specically require disclosure of particular accounting policies, including choices made by management between dierent policies they allow. For example, IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment, requires disclosure of the measurement bases used for classes of property, plant and equipment.
1p119
Changes in accounting policies Initial application of IFRS

8p28
When initial application of an IFRS: (a) has an eect on the current period or any prior period; (b) would have such an eect except that it is impracticable to determine the amount of the adjustment; or (c) might have an eect on future periods, an entity discloses: (i) the title of the IFRS;
45

(ii) when applicable, that the change in accounting policy is made in accordance with its transitional provisions; (iii) the nature of the change in accounting policy; (iv) when applicable, a description of the transitional provisions; (v) when applicable, the transitional provisions that might have an eect on future periods; (vi) for the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment: & for each nancial statement line item aected; & if IAS 33, Earnings per share, applies to the entity, for basic and diluted earnings per share; (vii) the amount of the adjustment relating to periods before those presented, to the extent practicable; and (viii) if retrospective application required by paragraph 19(a) or (b) of IAS 8, Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors, is impracticable for a particular prior period, or for periods before those presented, the circumstances that led to the existence of that condition and a description of how and from when the change in accounting policy has been applied. Financial statements of subsequent periods need not repeat these disclosures. Voluntary change in accounting policy
8p29
When a voluntary change in accounting policy: (a) has an eect on the current period or any prior period, (b) would have an eect on that period except that it is impracticable to determine the amount of the adjustment, or (c) might have an eect on future periods, an entity discloses: (i) the nature of the change in accounting policy; (ii) the reasons why applying the new accounting policy provides reliable and more relevant information; (iii) for the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment: & for each nancial statement line item aected, and & if IAS 33 applies to the entity, for basic and diluted earnings per share; (iv) the amount of the adjustment relating to periods before those presented, to the extent practicable; and (v) if retrospective application is impracticable for a particular prior period, or for periods before those presented, the circumstances that led to the existence of that condition and a description of how and from when the change in accounting policy has been applied. Financial statements of subsequent periods need not repeat these disclosures.
46

Change during interim periods

1p112(c)
There is no longer an explicit requirement to disclose the nancial eect of a change in accounting policy that was made during the nal interim period on prior interim nancial reports of the current annual reporting period. However, where the impact on prior interim reporting periods is signicant, an entity should consider explaining this fact and the nancial eect.
IFRSs issued but not yet eective

8p30
When an entity has not applied a new IFRS that has been issued but is not yet eective, it discloses: (a) this fact; and (b) known or reasonably estimable information relevant to assessing the possible impact that application of the new IFRS will have on the entitys nancial statements in the period of initial application.
8p31
10 An entity considers disclosing: (a) the title of the new IFRS; (b) the nature of the impending change or changes in accounting policy; (c) the date by which application of the IFRS is required; (d) the date as at which it plans to apply it initially; and (e) either: (i) a discussion of the impact that initial application of the IFRS is expected to have on the entitys nancial statements, or (ii) if that impact is not known or reasonably estimable, a statement to that eect. 11 The disclosures in the paragraph above are made even if the impact on the entity is not expected to be material. However, there is no need to mention a standard or interpretation if it is clearly not applicable to the entity. For example, if the entity is not operating in the real estate industry, it does not need to refer to IFRIC 15, Agreements for the construction of real estates. Where a pronouncement introduces a new accounting option that was not previously available, management explains whether and/or how it expects to use the option in future. Disclosures not illustrated in IFRS GAAP plc nancial statements For disclosures relating to IAS 29, Financial reporting in hyperinationary economies, IAS 41, Agriculture, and IFRS 6, Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources, please refer to PricewaterhouseCoopers IFRS disclosure checklist 2010.
47

3 Financial risk management

3.1 Financial risk factors
IFRS7p31
The groups activities expose it to a variety of nancial risks: market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk, cash ow interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The groups overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of nancial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse eects on the groups nancial performance. The group uses derivative nancial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (group treasury) under policies approved by the board of directors. Group treasury identies, evaluates and hedges nancial risks in close co-operation with the groups operating units. The board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specic areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative nancial instruments and non-derivative nancial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity. (a) Market risk (i) Foreign exchange risk
IFRS7 p33(a)
The group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the US dollar and the UK pound. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognised assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. Management has set up a policy to require group companies to manage their foreign exchange risk against their functional currency. The group companies are required to hedge their entire foreign exchange risk exposure with the group treasury. To manage their foreign exchange risk arising from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities, entities in the group use forward contracts, transacted with group treasury. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entitys functional currency. The group treasurys risk management policy is to hedge between 75% and 100% of anticipated cash ows (mainly export sales and purchase of inventory) in each major foreign currency for the subsequent 12 months. Approximately 90% (2009: 95%) of projected sales in each major currency qualify as highly probable forecast transactions for hedge accounting purposes. The group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets are exposed to foreign currency translation risk. Currency exposure arising from the net assets of the groups foreign operations is managed primarily through borrowings denominated in the relevant foreign currencies. At 31 December 2010, if the currency had weakened/strengthened by 11% against the US dollar with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C362 (2009: C51) higher/lower, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of US dollar-denominated trade receivables, nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss, debt securities classied as available-for-sale and foreign exchange
IFRS7 p33(b), 22(c)
IFRS7 p22(c)
IFRS7 p33(a)(b) IFRS7 p22(c)
IFRS7p40 IFRS7IG36
48

losses/gains on translation of US dollar-denominated borrowings. Prot is more sensitive to movement in currency/US dollar exchange rates in 2010 than 2009 because of the increased amount of US dollar-denominated borrowings. Similarly, the impact on equity would have been C6,850 (2009: C6,650) higher/lower due to an increase in the volume of cash ow hedging in US dollars. At 31 December 2010, if the currency had weakened/strengthened by 4% against the UK pound with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C135 (2009: C172) lower/higher, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of UK pound-denominated trade receivables, nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss, debt securities classied as available-for-sale and foreign exchange losses/gains on translation of UK pound-denominated borrowings. (ii) Price risk
IFRS7 p33(a)(b)
The group is exposed to equity securities price risk because of investments held by the group and classied on the consolidated balance sheet either as available-for-sale or at fair value through prot or loss. The group is not exposed to commodity price risk. To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the group diversies its portfolio. Diversication of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the group. The groups investments in equity of other entities that are publicly traded are included in one of the following three equity indexes: DAX equity index, Dow Jones equity index and FTSE 100 UK equity index.
IFRS7p40 IFRS7IG36
The table below summarises the impact of increases/decreases of the three equity indexes on the groups post-tax prot for the year and on equity. The analysis is based on the assumption that the equity indexes had increased/decreased by 5% with all other variables held constant and all the groups equity instruments moved according to the historical correlation with the index: Impact on other components of equity in C 2010 2009 290 200 160 290 70 150
Index DAX Dow Jones FTSE 100 UK
Impact on post-tax prot in C 2010 2009 200 150 60 120 120 30
Post-tax prot for the year would increase/decrease as a result of gains/losses on equity securities classied as at fair value through prot or loss. Other components of equity would increase/decrease as a result of gains/losses on equity securities classied as available for sale. (iii) Cash ow and fair value interest rate risk
IFRS7 p33(a)(b), IFRS p22(c)
The groups interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the group to cash ow interest rate risk which is partially oset by cash held at variable rates. Borrowings issued at xed rates expose the group to fair value interest rate risk. Group policy is to maintain approximately 60% of its borrowings in
49

xed rate instruments. During 2010 and 2009, the groups borrowings at variable rate were denominated in the Currency and the UK pound.
IFRS7 p22(b)(c)
The group analyses its interest rate exposure on a dynamic basis. Various scenarios are simulated taking into consideration renancing, renewal of existing positions, alternative nancing and hedging. Based on these scenarios, the group calculates the impact on prot and loss of a dened interest rate shift. For each simulation, the same interest rate shift is used for all currencies. The scenarios are run only for liabilities that represent the major interest-bearing positions. Based on the simulations performed, the impact on post tax prot of a 0.1% shift would be a maximum increase of C41 (2009: C37) or decrease of C34 (2009: C29), respectively. The simulation is done on a quarterly basis to verify that the maximum loss potential is within the limit given by the management.
IFRS7 p22(b)(c)
Based on the various scenarios, the group manages its cash ow interest rate risk by using oating-to-xed interest rate swaps. Such interest rate swaps have the economic eect of converting borrowings from oating rates to xed rates. Generally, the group raises long-term borrowings at oating rates and swaps them into xed rates that are lower than those available if the group borrowed at xed rates directly. Under the interest rate swaps, the group agrees with other parties to exchange, at specied intervals (primarily quarterly), the dierence between xed contract rates and oating-rate interest amounts calculated by reference to the agreed notional amounts. Occasionally the group also enters into xed-to-oating interest rate swaps to hedge the fair value interest rate risk arising where it has borrowed at xed rates in excess of the 60% target. At 31 December 2010, if interest rates on Currency-denominated borrowings had been 10 basis points higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C22 (2009: C21) lower/higher, mainly as a result of higher/lower interest expense on oating rate borrowings; other components of equity would have been C5 (2009: C3) lower/higher mainly as a result of a decrease/increase in the fair value of xed rate nancial assets classied as available for sale. At 31 December 2010, if interest rates on UK pound-denominated borrowings at that date had been 0.5% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C57 (2009: C38) lower/higher, mainly as a result of higher/lower interest expense on oating rate borrowings; other components of equity would have been C6 (2009: C4) lower/higher mainly as a result of a decrease/increase in the fair value of xed rate nancial assets classied as available for sale. (b) Credit risk
IFRS7 p22(b)(c)
IFRS7p40 IFRS7IG36
IFRS7 p33(a)(b) IFRS7 p34(a)
Credit risk is managed on group basis, except for credit risk relating to accounts receivable balances. Each local entity is responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of their new clients before standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are oered. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative nancial instruments and deposits with banks and nancial institutions, as well as credit exposures to wholesale and retail customers, including outstanding receivables and committed transactions. For banks and nancial institutions, only independently rated parties with a minimum rating of A are accepted. If wholesale customers are independently rated, these ratings are used. If there is no independent rating, risk control assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its nancial position, past experience and other factors. Individual risk limits are set based on internal or external
50

ratings in accordance with limits set by the board. The utilisation of credit limits is regularly monitored. Sales to retail customers are settled in cash or using major credit cards. See note 9(b) for further disclosure on credit risk. No credit limits were exceeded during the reporting period, and management does not expect any losses from non-performance by these counterparties. (c) Liquidity risk
IFRS7 p34(a)
Cash ow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the group in and aggregated by group nance. Group nance monitors rolling forecasts of the groups liquidity requirements to ensure it has sucient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sucient headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities (note 22) at all times so that the group does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities. Such forecasting takes into consideration the groups debt nancing plans, covenant compliance, compliance with internal balance sheet ratio targets and, if applicable external regulatory or legal requirements for example, currency restrictions.
IFRS7p33, Surplus cash held by the operating entities over and above balance required for working 39(c) capital management are transferred to the group treasury. Group treasury invests surplus IFRS7B11E
cash in interest bearing current accounts, time deposits, money market deposits and marketable securities, choosing instruments with appropriate maturities or sucient liquidity to provide sucient head-room as determined by the above-mentioned forecasts. At the reporting date, the group held money market funds of C6, 312 (2009: C934) and other liquid assets of C321 (2009: C1,400) that are expected to readily generate cash inows for managing liquidity risk. The table below analyses the groups non-derivative nancial liabilities and net-settled derivative nancial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. Derivative nancial liabilities are included in the analysis if their contractual maturities are essential for an understanding of the timing of the cash ows. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash ows1.
IFRS7 p39(a)(b)
1 IFRS7 p39(a)(b) The amounts included in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash ows, except for trading derivatives, which are included at their fair value (see below). As a result, these amounts will not reconcile to the amounts disclosed on the balance sheet except for short-term payables where discounting is not applied. Entities can choose to add a reconciling column and a nal total that ties into the balance sheet, if they wish.
51

At 31 December 2010 Borrowings (ex nance lease liabilities) Finance lease liabilities Trading and net settled derivative nancial instruments (interest rate swaps) Trade and other payables Financial guarantee contracts At 31 December 2009 Borrowings (ex nance lease liability) Finance lease liabilities Trading and net settled derivative nancial instruments (interest rate swaps) Trade and other payables Financial guarantee contracts
IFRS7 B10A(a) IFRS7 p39(b)
Less than Between 3 3 months months Between 1 Between 2 and 2 and 5 and 1 years1 years1 year1 5,112 639 280 15,384 2,110 22,002 1,573 67,457 4,719
Over 5 years1 38,050 2,063
12,543 21
3,1252
10
116
41
4,061 697 317
12,197 2,506
11,575 1,790
58,679 5,370
38,103 2,891
9,214 10
2,3042
15
81
50
Of the C67,457 disclosed in the 2010 borrowings time band Between 2 and 5 years the company intends to repay C40,000 in the rst quarter of 2011 (2009: nil). The groups trading portfolio derivative instruments with a negative fair value have been included at their fair value of C 268 (2009: C298) within the less than three month time bucket. This is because the contractual maturities are not essential for an understanding of the timing of the cash ows These contracts are managed on a net-fair value basis rather than by maturity date. Net settled derivatives comprise interest rate swaps used by the group to manage the groups interest rate prole. All of the non-trading groups gross settled derivative nancial instruments are in hedge relationships and are due to settle within 12 months of the balance sheet date. These contracts require undiscounted contractual cash inows of C78,756 (2009: C83,077) and undiscounted contractual cash outows of C78,241 (2009: C83,366). 3.2 Capital risk management The groups objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the groups ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benets for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.
1
IFRS7 p39(b)
1p134,135, IG10
The specic time-buckets presented are not mandated by the standard but are based on a choice by management based on how the business is managed. Sucient time buckets should be provided to give sucient granularity to provide the reader with an understanding of the entitys liquidity. 2 The maturity analysis applies to nancial instruments only and therefore statutory liabilities are not included.
52

Consistent with others in the industry, the group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings (including current and non-current borrowings as shown in the consolidated balance sheet) less cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is calculated as equity as shown in the consolidated balance sheet plus net debt. During 2010, the groups strategy, which was unchanged from 2009, was to maintain the gearing ratio within 45% to 50% and a BB credit rating. The BB credit rating has been maintained throughout the period. The gearing ratios at 31 December 2010 and 2009 were as follows: 2010 Total borrowings (note 22) Less: cash and cash equivalents (note 15) Net debt Total equity Total capital Gearing ratio 126,837 (17,928) 108,909 131,773 240,682 45% 2009 114,604 (34,062) 80,542 88,946 169,488 48%
The decrease in the gearing ratio during 2010 resulted primarily from the issue of share capital as part of the consideration for the acquisition of a subsidiary (notes 17 and 39). 3.3 Fair value estimation The table below analyses nancial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The dierent levels have been dened as follows:
& &
Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1). Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2). Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (level 3).
&
IFRS7 p27B(a)
The following table presents the groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2010. Level 1 Assets Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Trading securities Derivatives used for hedging Available-for-sale nancial assets Equity securities Debt investments Total assets Level 2 Level 3 Total
11,820 18,735 288 30,843
250 1,103 347 1,700
111 111
361 11,820 1,103 18,735 635 32,654
53

Level 1 Liabilities Financial liabilities at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Total liabilities
Level 2
Level 3
Total
268 327 595
268 327 595
The following table presents the groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2009. Level 1 Assets Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Trading securities Derivatives used for hedging Available-for-sale nancial assets Equity securities Debt investments Total assets Liabilities Financial liabilities at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Total liabilities
IFRS7p27
Level 2
Level 3
Total
7,972 14,646 22,618
321 875 264 1,460
321 7,972 875 14,646 264 24,078
298 449 747
298 449 747
The fair value of nancial instruments traded in active markets is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. A market is regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service, or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arms length basis. The quoted market price used for nancial assets held by the group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1. Instruments included in level 1 comprise primarily DAX, FTSE 100 and Dow Jones equity investments classied as trading securities or available for sale. The fair value of nancial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximise the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specic estimates. If all signicant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. If one or more of the signicant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.
54

Specic valuation techniques used to value nancial instruments include:

& &
Quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments. The fair value of interest rate swaps is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash ows based on observable yield curves. The fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange rates at the balance sheet date, with the resulting value discounted back to present value. Other techniques, such as discounted cash ow analysis, are used to determine fair value for the remaining nancial instruments.
&
&
Note that all of the resulting fair value estimates are included in level 2 except for certain forward foreign exchange contracts explained below.
IFRS 7p27B(c)
The following table presents the changes in level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2010. Trading securities at fair value through prot or loss Total Opening balance Transfers into level 3 Gains and losses recognised in prot or loss Closing balance Total gains or losses for the period included in prot or loss for assets held at the end of the reporting period 115 (4) 111 115 (4) 111
(4)
(4)
The following table presents the changes in level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2009. Trading securities at fair value through prot or loss Opening balance Settlements Gains and losses recognised in prot or loss Closing balance Total gains or losses for the period included in prot or loss for assets held at the end of the reporting period 62 (51) (11)
Total 62 (51) (11)
(0)
(0)
In 2010, the group transferred a held-for-trading forward foreign exchange contract from level 2 into level 3. This is because the counterparty for the derivative encountered signicant nancial diculties, which resulted in a signicant increase to the discount rate due to increased counterparty credit risk, which is not based on observable inputs.
IFRS7 p27B(e)
If the change in the credit default rate would be shifted +/- 5% the impact on prot or loss would be C20.
55

Commentary nancial risk management

Accounting standard for presentation and disclosure of nancial instruments
IFRS7p3
IFRS 7, Financial instruments: Disclosures, applies to all reporting entities and to all types of nancial instruments except:
&
Those interests in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures that are accounted for under IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements, IAS 28, Investments in associates, or IAS 31, Interests in joint ventures. However, entities should apply IFRS 7 to an interest in a subsidiary, associate or joint venture that according to IAS 27, IAS 28 or IAS 31 is accounted for under IAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement. Entities should also apply IFRS 7 to all derivatives on interests in subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures unless the derivative meets the denition of an equity instrument in IAS 32. Employers rights and obligations under employee benet plans, to which IAS 19, Employee benets, applies. Insurance contracts as dened in IFRS 4, Insurance contracts. However, IFRS 7 applies to derivatives that are embedded in insurance contracts if IAS 39 requires the entity to account for them separately. It also applies to nancial guarantee contracts if the issuer applies IAS 39 in recognising and measuring the contracts. Financial instruments, contracts and obligations under share-based payment transactions to which IFRS 2, Share-based payment, applies, except for contracts within the scope of paragraphs 5-7 of IAS 39, which are disclosed under IFRS 7. From 1 January 2009 puttable nancial instruments that are required to be classied as equity instruments in accordance with paragraphs 16A and 16B or 16C and 16D of IAS 32 (revised).
&
&
&
&
Parent entity disclosures

IFRS7
Where applicable, all disclosure requirements outlined in IFRS 7 should be made for both the parent and consolidated entity. The relief from making parent entity disclosures, which was previously available under IAS 30, Disclosures in the nancial statements of banks and similar nancial institutions, and IAS 32, has not been retained in IFRS 7.
Classes of nancial instrument

IFRS7p6, B1-B3
Where IFRS 7 requires disclosures by class of nancial instrument, the entity groups its nancial instruments into classes that are appropriate to the nature of the information disclosed and that take into account the characteristics of those nancial instruments. The entity should provide sucient information to permit reconciliation to the line items presented in the balance sheet. Guidance on classes of nancial instruments and the level of required disclosures is provided in appendix B of IFRS 7.
56

Level of detail and selection of assumptions information through the eyes of management
IFRS7 p34(a)
The disclosures in relation to an entitys nancial risk management should reect the information provided internally to key management personnel. As such, the disclosures that will be provided by an entity, their level of detail and the underlying assumptions used will vary greatly from entity to entity. The disclosures in this illustrative nancial statement are only one example of the kind of information that may be disclosed; the entity should consider carefully what may be appropriate in its individual circumstances.
Nature and extent of risks arising from nancial instruments

IFRS7 p31, 32
The nancial statement should include qualitative and quantitative disclosures that enable users to evaluate the nature and extent of risks arising from nancial instruments to which the entity is exposed at the end of the reporting period. These risks typically include, but are not limited to, credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk.
Qualitative disclosures
IFRS7p33
An entity should disclose for each type of risk: (a) the exposures to the risk and how they arise; (b) the entitys objectives, policies and processes for managing the risk and the methods used to measure the risk; and (c) any changes in (a) or (b) from the previous period.
Quantitative disclosures
IFRS7 p34(a)(c)
An entity should provide for each type of risk, summary quantitative data on risk exposure at the end of the reporting period, based on information provided internally to key management personnel and any concentrations of risk. This information can be presented in narrative form as is done on pages x to x of this publication. Alternatively, entities could provide the data in a table that sets out the impact of each major risk on each type of nancial instruments. This table could also be a useful tool for compiling the information that should be disclosed under paragraph 34 of IFRS 7. If not already provided as part of the summary quantitative data, the entity should also provide the information in paragraphs 9-15 below, unless the risk is not material.
IFRS7 p34(b)
Credit risk
IFRS7p36, 37
For each class of nancial instrument, the entity should disclose: (a) the maximum exposure to credit risk and any related collateral held; (b) information about the credit quality of nancial assets that are neither past due nor impaired;
57

(c) the carrying amount of nancial assets that would otherwise be past due or impaired whose terms have been renegotiated; (d) an analysis of the age of nancial assets that are past due but not impaired; and (e) an analysis of nancial assets that are individually determined to be impaired including the factors in determining that they are impaired. Liquidity risk
IFRS7 p34(a), 39
10 Information about liquidity risk shall be provided by way of: (a) a maturity analysis for non-derivative nancial liabilities (including issued nancial guarantee contracts) that shows the remaining contractual maturities; (b) a maturity analysis for derivative nancial liabilities (see paragraph 12 below for details); and (c) a description of how the entity manages the liquidity risk inherent in (a) and (b).
IFRS7 B11F
11 In describing how liquidity risk is being managed, an entity should consider discussing whether it: (a) has committed borrowing facilities or other lines of credit that it can access to meet liquidity needs; (b) holds deposits at central banks to meet liquidity needs; (c) has very diverse funding sources; (d) has signicant concentrations of liquidity risk in either its assets or its funding sources; (e) has internal control processes and contingency plans for managing liquidity risk; (f) has instruments that include accelerated repayment terms (for example, on the downgrade of the entitys credit rating);
(g) has instruments that could require the posting of collateral (for example, margin calls for derivatives); (h) has instruments that allow the entity to choose whether it settles its nancial liabilities by delivering cash (or another nancial asset) or by delivering its own shares; and (i) has instruments that are subject to master netting agreements.
Maturity analysis
IFRS7 B11B
12 The maturity analysis for derivative nancial liabilities should disclose the remaining contractual maturities if these maturities are essential for an understanding of the timing of the cash ows. For example, this will be the case for interest rate swaps in a cash ow hedge of a variable rate nancial asset or liability and for all loan commitments. Where the remaining contractual maturities
58

are not essential for an understanding of the timing of the cash ows, the expected maturities may be disclosed instead.
IFRS7p39, B11D
13 For derivative nancial instruments where gross cash ows are exchanged and contractual maturities are essential to understanding, the maturity analysis should disclose the contractual amounts that are to be exchanged on a gross basis. The amount disclosed should be the amount expected to be paid in future periods, determined by reference to the conditions existing at the end of the reporting period. However, IFRS 7 does not specify whether current or forward rates should be used. We therefore recommend that entities explain which approach has been chosen. This approach should be applied consistently. 14 The specic time buckets presented are not mandated by the standard but are based on what is reported internally to the key management personnel. The entity uses judgement to determine the appropriate number of time bands. 15 If the amounts included in the maturity tables are the contractual undiscounted cash ows, these amounts will not reconcile to the amounts disclosed on the balance sheet for borrowings, derivative nancial instruments and trade and other payables. Entities can choose to add a column with the carrying amounts that ties into the balance sheet and a reconciling column if they so wish, but this is not mandatory. 16 If an outow of cash could occur either signicantly earlier than indicated or be for signicantly dierent amounts from those indicated in the entitys disclosures about its exposure to liquidity risk, the entity should state that fact and provide quantitative information that enables users of its nancial statements to evaluate the extent of this risk. This disclosure is not necessary if that information is included in the contractual maturity analysis. Financing arrangements
IFRS7B11
IFRS7 B11D
IFRS7 B10A
IFRS7 p39(c)
17 Committed borrowing facilities are a major element of liquidity management. Entities should therefore consider providing information about their undrawn facilities. IAS 7, Statements of cash ows, also recommends disclosure of undrawn borrowing facilities that may be available for future operating activities and to settle capital commitments, indicating any restrictions on the use of these facilities. Market risk
IFRS7 p40(a)(b)
18 Entities should disclose a sensitivity analysis for each type of market risk (currency, interest rate and other price risk) to which an entity is exposed at the end of the reporting period, showing how prot or loss and equity would have been aected by reasonably possible changes in the relevant risk variable, as well as the methods and assumptions used in preparing such an analysis. 19 If there have been any changes in methods and assumptions from the previous period, this should be disclosed, together with the reasons for the change.
IFRS7 p40(c)
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Foreign currency risk

IFRS7B23
20 Foreign currency risk can only arise on nancial instruments that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency in which they are measured. Translation related risks are therefore not included in the assessment of the entitys exposure to currency risks. Translation exposures arise from nancial and non-nancial items held by an entity (for example, a subsidiary) with a functional currency dierent from the groups presentation currency. However, foreign currency denominated inter-company receivables and payables that do not form part of a net investment in a foreign operation are included in the sensitivity analysis for foreign currency risks, because even though the balances eliminate in the consolidated balance sheet, the eect on prot or loss of their revaluation under IAS 21 is not fully eliminated. Interest rate risk 21 Sensitivity to changes in interest rates is relevant to nancial assets or nancial liabilities bearing oating interest rates due to the risk that future cash ows will uctuate. However, sensitivity will also be relevant to xed rate nancial assets and nancial liabilities that are re-measured to fair value. Fair value disclosures Financial instruments carried at other than fair value
IFRS7p25, 29
22 An entity should disclose the fair value for each class of nancial assets and nancial liabilities (see paragraph 3 above) in a way that permits it to be compared with its carrying amount. Fair values do not need to be disclosed for the following: (a) when the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value; (b) investments in equity instruments (and derivatives linked to such equity instruments) that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and that are measured at cost in accordance with IAS 39 because their fair value cannot be measured reliably; and (c) A contract containing a discretionary participation feature (as described in IFRS 4, Insurance contracts) where the fair value of that feature cannot be measured reliably. 23 The information about the fair values can be provided either in a combined nancial instruments note or in the individual notes. However, fair values should be separately disclosed for each class of nancial instrument (see paragraph 3 above), which means that each line item in the table would have to be broken down into individual classes. For that reason, IFRS GAAP plc has chosen to provide the information in the relevant notes. Methods and assumptions in determining fair value
IFRS7p27
24 An entity should disclose for each class of nancial instruments (see paragraph 3 above) the methods and, when a valuation technique is used, the assumptions
60

applied in determining fair values. Examples of assumptions that should be disclosed are assumptions relating to prepayment rates, rates of estimated credit losses, interest rates or discount rates. If the entity has changed a valuation technique, that fact and the reason for the change should also be disclosed. Financial instruments measured at cost where fair value cannot be determined reliably
IFRS7p30
25 If the fair value of investments in unquoted equity instruments, derivatives linked to such equity instruments or a contract containing a discretionary participation feature (as described in IFRS 4, Insurance contracts) cannot be measured reliably, the entity should disclose: (a) the fact that fair value information has not been disclosed because it cannot be measured reliably; (b) a description of the nancial instruments, their carrying amount and an explanation of why fair value cannot be measured reliably; (c) information about the market for the instruments; (d) information about whether and how the entity intends to dispose of the nancial instruments; and (e) if the instruments are subsequently derecognised, that fact, their carrying amount at the time of derecognition and the amount of gain or loss recognised. Fair value measurements recognised in the balance sheet
IFRS7 p27B
26 For fair value measurements recognised in the balance sheet, the entity should also disclose for each class of nancial instruments: (a) the level in the fair value hierarchy into which the fair value measurements are categorised; (b) any signicant transfers between level 1 and level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the reasons for those transfers; (c) for fair value measurements in level 3 of the hierarchy, a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances, showing separately changes during the period attributable to the following: (i) total gains or losses for the period recognised in prot or loss, together with a description of where they are presented in the statement of comprehensive income or the income statement (as applicable); (ii) total gains or losses recognised in other comprehensive income; (iii) purchases, sales issues and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (iv) transfers into or out of level 3 and the reasons for those transfers; (d) the amount of total gains or losses for the period included in prot or loss that are attributable to gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period, together with a description of where the gains and losses are presented in the statement of comprehensive income or the income statement (as applicable); and (e) for fair value measurements in level 3, if changing one or more of the inputs to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would change fair value

signicantly, that fact, the eect of those changes and how the eect was calculated.
IFRS7 p27A
27 Entities should classify fair value measurements using a fair value hierarchy that reects the signicance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy should have the following levels: (a) Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. (b) Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (for example, as prices) or indirectly (for example, derived from prices). (c) Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data. The appropriate level is determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is signicant to the fair value measurement. Additional information where quantitative data about risk exposure is unrepresentative
IFRS7p35, 42
28 If the quantitative data disclosed under paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 14 above is unrepresentative of the entitys exposure to risk during the period, the entity should provide further information that is representative. If the sensitivity analyses are unrepresentative of a risk inherent in a nancial instrument (for example, where the year end exposure does not reect the exposure during the year), the entity should disclose that fact and the reason why the sensitivity analyses are unrepresentative.
4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
1p125
4.1 Critical accounting estimates and assumptions The group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by denition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a signicant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next nancial year are addressed below. (a) Estimated impairment of goodwill The group tests annually whether goodwill has suered any impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in note 2.6. The recoverable amounts of cashgenerating units have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates (note 7).
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1p129, 36p134 (f)(i)-(iii)
An impairment charge of C4,650 arose in the wholesale CGU in Step-land (included in the Russian operating segment) during the course of the 2010 year, resulting in the carrying amount of the CGU being written down to its recoverable amount. If the budgeted gross margin used in the value-in-use calculation for the wholesale CGU in Step-land had been 10% lower than managements estimates at 31 December 2010 (for example, 46% instead of 56%), the group would have recognised a further impairment of goodwill by C100 and would need to reduce the carrying value of property, plant and equipment by C300. If the estimated cost of capital used in determining the pre-tax discount rate for the wholesale CGU in Step-land had been 1% higher than managements estimates (for example, 13.8% instead of 12.8%), the group would have recognised a further impairment against goodwill of C300. (b) Income taxes The group is subject to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Signicant judgement is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the nal tax outcome of these matters is dierent from the amounts that were initially recorded, such dierences will impact the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the period in which such determination is made. Were the actual nal outcome (on the judgement areas) of expected cash ows to dier by 10% from managements estimates, the group would need to:
&
increase the income tax liability by C120 and the deferred tax liability by C230, if unfavourable; or decrease the income tax liability by C110 and the deferred tax liability by C215, if favourable.
&
(c) Fair value of derivatives and other nancial instruments

IFRS7p27
The fair value of nancial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. The group uses its judgement to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period. The group has used discounted cash ow analysis for various available-for-sale nancial assets that are not traded in active markets. The carrying amount of available-for-sale nancial assets would be an estimated C12 lower or C15 higher were the discount rate used in the discount cash ow analysis to dier by 10% from managements estimates. (d) Revenue recognition The group uses the percentage-of-completion method in accounting for its xed-price contracts to deliver design services. Use of the percentage-of-completion method requires the group to estimate the services performed to date as a proportion of the total services to be performed. Were the proportion of services performed to total services to be performed to dier by 10% from managements estimates, the amount of revenue
63

recognised in the year would be increased by C1175 if the proportion performed were increased, or would be decreased by C1160 if the proportion performed were decreased. (e) Pension benets The present value of the pension obligations depends on a number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net cost (income) for pensions include the discount rate. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of pension obligations. The group determines the appropriate discount rate at the end of each year. This is the interest rate that should be used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outows expected to be required to settle the pension obligations. In determining the appropriate discount rate, the group considers the interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benets will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension obligation. Other key assumptions for pension obligations are based in part on current market conditions. Additional information is disclosed in note 24. Were the discount rate used to dier by 10% from managements estimates, the carrying amount of pension obligations would be an estimated C425 lower or C450 higher.
1p122
4.2 Critical judgements in applying the entitys accounting policies (a) Revenue recognition The group has recognised revenue amounting to C950 for sales of goods to L&Co in the UK during 2010. The buyer has the right to return the goods if their customers are dissatised. The group believes that, based on past experience with similar sales, the dissatisfaction rate will not exceed 3%. The group has, therefore, recognised revenue on this transaction with a corresponding provision against revenue for estimated returns. If the estimate changes by 1%, revenue will be reduced/increased by C10. (b) Impairment of available-for-sale equity investments The group follows the guidance of IAS 39 to determine when an available-for-sale equity investment is impaired. This determination requires signicant judgement. In making this judgement, the group evaluates, among other factors, the duration and extent to which the fair value of an investment is less than its cost; and the nancial health of and shortterm business outlook for the investee, including factors such as industry and sector performance, changes in technology and operational and nancing cash ow. If all of the declines in fair value below cost were considered signicant or prolonged, the group would suer an additional loss of C1,300 in its 2010 nancial statements, being the transfer of the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity on the impaired available-for-sale nancial assets to the income statement.
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5 Segment information
IFRS8 p22(a) IFRS8 p22(a)
Management has determined the operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the strategic steering committee that are used to make strategic decisions. The committee considers the business from both a geographic and product perspective. Geographically, management considers the performance of wholesale in the UK, US, China, Russia and Europe. The UK and US are further segregated into retail and wholesale, as all of the retail business is located in these two geographic areas. Although the China segment does not meet the quantitative thresholds required by IFRS 8, management has concluded that this segment should be reported, as it is closely monitored by the strategic steering committee as a potential growth region and is expected to materially contribute to group revenue in the future. The reportable operating segments derive their revenue primarily from the manufacture and sale of shoes on a wholesale basis, with the exception of the UK and US, which are further segregated into retail shoe and leather goods sales. Other services included within the European and UK segments include the sale of design services and goods transportation services to other shoe manufacturers. These are not included within the reportable operating segments, as they are not included in the reports provided to the strategic steering committee. The wholesale shoe revenue from the Central American region, mainly Mexico, is also not included, as this information is not reviewed by the strategic steering committee. The results of these operations are included in the all other segments column. The strategic steering committee assesses the performance of the operating segments based on a measure of adjusted EBITDA. This measurement basis excludes the eects of non-recurring expenditure from the operating segments such as restructuring costs, legal expenses and goodwill impairments when the impairment is the result of an isolated, non-recurring event. The measure also excludes the eects of equity-settled share-based payments and unrealised gains/losses on nancial instruments. Interest income and expenditure are not allocated to segments, as this type of activity is driven by the central treasury function, which manages the cash position of the group. Since the strategic steering committee reviews adjusted EBITDA, the results of discontinued operations are not included in the measure of adjusted EBITDA.
IFRS8 p22(a)
IFRS8 p22(b)
IFRS8p16
IFRS8 p27(b), 28
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The segment information provided to the strategic steering committee for the reportable segments for the year ended 31 December 2010 is as follows:
UK Wholesale Retail US Wholesale Retail Russia China Europe All other segments Total
IFRS8 p23(b)
Total segment revenue Inter-segment revenue
46,638 43,257 (11,403)
28,820 42,672 26,273 (7,364)
5,818 40,273
13,155
246,906
(5,255) (1,164) (8,055) 4,654 32,218 2,323 16,003 (386) (2,706)
(2,631) (35,872) 10,524 3,504 211,034 79,832
IFRS8p23, Revenue from p33(a) external customers IFRS8p23 IFRS8 p23(e) IFRS8 p23(i), 36p129(a) IFRS8 p23(i) IFRS8 p23(h) IFRS8 p23(g) Adjusted EBITDA Depreciation and amortisation
35,235 43,257 17,298 9,550
21,456 42,672 21,018 9,146 9,686 12,322
(3,226) (3,830)
(1,894) (3,789) (2,454)
(269) (18,554)
Goodwill impairment Restructuring costs Income tax expense Share of prot/(loss) from associates
(4,650) (1,986)
(4,650) (1,986)
(2,550) (2,780) 200
(1,395) (3,040) (1,591)
(365) (2,490) (389)
(400) (14,611) 15 13,374 (174) 250,891
IFRS8p23 Total assets Total assets includes: Investments in associates Additions to noncurrent assets (other than nancial instruments and deferred tax assets)
46,957 46,197
27,313 45,529 22,659
6,226 42,636
IFRS8 p24(a) IFRS8 p24(b)
7,207
6,166
13,373
35,543 3,207 6,700
39,817 5,900 3,500
11,380 700 1,200
1,500
1,500 2,140
88,204 24,847
IFRS8p23 Total liabilities1
The measure of liabilities has been disclosed for each reportable segment as is regularly provided to the chief operating decision-maker.
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The segment information for the year ended 31 December 2009 is as follows:
UK Wholesale Retail US Wholesale Retail Russia China Europe All other segments Total
IFRS8 p23(b) IFRS8 p23(a), 33(a) IFRS8p23 IFRS8 p23(e) IFRS8 p23(h) IFRS8 p23(g)
Total segment revenue Inter-segment revenue Revenue from external customers Adjusted EBITDA Depreciation and amortisation Income tax expense Share of prot/(loss) from associates
57,284 (11,457)
1,682
33,990 (6,798)
2,390
8,778
3,209 26,223 (642) (5,245)
5,724
139,280
(1,756)
(1,022) (26,920)
45,827 17,183 (3,801) (2,772) 155 43,320
1,682 800 (201) (650) 9,580
27,192 10,369 (2,448) (1,407) 32,967
2,390 1,298 (199) (489) 8,550
7,022 3,471 (453) (509)
2,567 20,978 1,506 10,755 (286) (2,701) (150) (2,201)
4,702 1,682
112,360 47,064
(138) (10,227) (687) (10) 49,270 (8,865) 145 206,103
IFRS8p23 Total assets Total assets includes: Investments in associates Additions to noncurrent assets (other than nancial instruments and deferred tax assets)
5,067 20,899 36,450
IFRS8 p24(a) IFRS8 p24(b)
7,050
6,194
13,244
4,221
47 55
6,054
46
250
2,971 800
2,537
3,678 3,464
6,742 17,381
IFRS8p23 Total liabilities8
IFRS 8 has been amended so that a measure of segment assets is only required to be disclosed if the measure is regularly provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The amendment is eective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2010. During 2009, retail did not qualify as a reportable operating segment. However, with the acquisition in 2010 of ABC Group (note 39), retail qualies as a reportable operating segment; the comparatives are therefore consistent in this regard.
IFRS8 p23(i)
See note 7 for details of the impairment of goodwill of C4,650 in the Russian operating segment in 2010 relating to the decision to reduce manufacturing output. There has been no further impact on the measurement of the companys assets and liabilities. There was no impairment charge or restructuring costs recognised in 2009. Sales between segments are carried out at arms length. The revenue from external parties reported to the strategic steering committee is measured in a manner consistent with that in the income statement.
IFRS8 p27(a)
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IFRS8 p28(b)
A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to prot before tax and discontinued operations is provided as follows:
2010 Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments Other segments EBITDA Total segments Depreciation Amortisation Restructuring costs Legal expenses Goodwill impairment Unrealised nancial instrument gains Share options granted to directors and employees Finance costs net Other Prot before tax and discontinued operations 76,328 3,504 79,832 (17,754) (800) (1,986) (737) (4,650) 102 (690) (6,443) 802 47,676 2009 45,382 1,682 47,064 (9,662) (565) (855) 101 (820) (10,588) 243 24,918
The amounts provided to the strategic steering committee with respect to total assets are measured in a manner consistent with that of the nancial statements. These assets are allocated based on the operations of the segment and the physical location of the asset. Investment in shares (classied as available-for-sale nancial assets or nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss) held by the group are not considered to be segment assets but rather are managed by the treasury function.
IFRS8 p27(c)
Reportable segments assets are reconciled to total assets as follows:

2010 Segment assets for reportable segments Other segments assets Unallocated: Deferred tax Available-for-sale nancial assets Financial assets at fair value through the prot and loss Derivatives Assets of disposal group classied as held for resale Total assets per the balance sheet 198,416 61,285 3,520 19,370 11,820 1,464 3,333 299,208 2009 156,833 49,270 3,321 14,910 7,972 1,196 233,502
The amounts provided to the strategic steering committee with respect to total liabilities are measured in a manner consistent with that of the nancial statements. These liabilities are allocated based on the operations of the segment. The groups interest-bearing liabilities are not considered to be segment liabilities but rather are managed by the treasury function.
68

IFRS8 p27(d)
Reportable segments liabilities are reconciled to total liabilities as follows:

2010 Segment liabilities for reportable segments Other segments liabilities Unallocated: Deferred tax Current tax Current borrowings Non-current borrowings Derivatives Liabilities of disposal group classied as held for resale Total liabilities per the balance sheet 22,707 2,140 12,370 2,566 11,716 115,121 595 220 167,435 2009 13,917 3,464 9,053 2,771 18,258 96,346 747 144,556
IFRS8 p27(f)
Due to the European operations utilising excess capacity in certain Russian assets that are geographically close to the European region, a portion of the depreciation charge of C197 (2009: C50) relating to the Russian assets has been allocated to the European segment to take account of this. Revenues from external customers are derived from the sales of shoes on a wholesale and retail basis. The breakdown of retail and wholesale results are provided above. The wholesale of shoes relates only to the groups own brand, Footsy Tootsy. The retail sales comprise not only the groups own brand, but other major retail shoe brands. Breakdown of the revenue from all services is as follows:
Analysis of revenue by category Sales of goods Revenue from services Royalty income 2010 202,884 8,000 150 2009 104,495 7,800 65
IFRS8p32
IFRS8 p33(a)
The entity is domiciled in the UK. The result of its revenue from external customers in the UK is C50,697 (2009: C48,951), and the total of revenue from external customers from other countries is C160,337 (2009: C63,409). The breakdown of the major component of the total of revenue from external customers from other countries is disclosed above. The total of non-current assets other than nancial instruments and deferred tax assets (there are no employment benet assets and rights arising under insurance contracts) located in the UK is C49,696 (2009: C39,567), and the total of these non-current assets located in other countries is C146,762 (2008: C93,299). Revenues of approximately C32,023 (2009: C28,034) are derived from a single external customer. These revenues are attributable to the US retail and wholesale segments.
IFRS8 p33(b)
IFRS8p34
69

6 Property, plant and equipment

Furniture, ttings and equipment
1p78(a) 16p73(d)
Land and buildings At 1 January 2009 Cost or valuation Accumulated depreciation Net book amount
Vehicles and machinery
Total
39,664 (2,333) 37,331 37,331 (381) 1,133 1,588 (636) 39,035 40,232 (1,197) 39,035 39,035 1,601 49,072 7,126 (2,000) (3,545) (341) 90,948 95,129 (4,181) 90,948
71,072 (17,524) 53,548 53,548 (703) 2,970 (2,607) (4,186) 49,022 68,125 (19,103) 49,022 49,022 1,280 5,513 427 (3,729) (4,768) (1,222) 46,523 58,268 (11,745) 46,523
20,025 (3,690) 16,335 16,335 (423) 1,484 (380) (4,840) 12,176 20,026 (7,850) 12,176 12,176 342 13,199 2,202 (608) (9,441) 17,870 26,927 (9,057) 17,870
130,761 (23,547) 107,214 107,214 (1,507) 1,133 6,042 (2,987) (9,662) 100,233 128,383 (28,150) 100,233 100,233 3,223 67,784 9,755 (6,337) (17,754) (1,563) 155,341 180,324 (24,983) 155,341
16p73(e)
Year ended 31 December 2009 Opening net book amount
16p73 (e)(viii) Exchange dierences 16p73(e)(iv) Revaluation surplus (note 20) 16p73(e)(i) Additions 16p73(e)(ix) Disposals (note 36) 16p73(e)(vii) Depreciation charge (note 29)
Closing net book amount

16p73(d)
At 31 December 2009 Cost or valuation Accumulated depreciation Net book amount
16p73(e) 16p73 Exchange dierences (e)(viii) 16p73 Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) (e)(iii) 16p73(e)(i) Additions 16p73(e)(ix)Disposals (note 36) 16p73 (e)(vii) Depreciation charge (note 29)
Year ended 31 December 2010 Opening net book amount
Transferred to disposal group IFRS5p38 classied as held for sale Closing net book amount
16p73(d)
At 31 December 2010 Cost or valuation Accumulated depreciation Net book amount
DV
Property, plant and equipment transferred to the disposal group classied as held for sale amounts to C1,563 and relates to assets that are used by Shoes Limited (part of the wholesale segment). See note 16 for further details regarding the disposal group held for sale. The groups land and buildings were last revalued on 1 January 2009 by independent valuers. Valuations were made on the basis of recent market transactions on arms length terms. The revaluation surplus net of applicable deferred income taxes was credited to other comprehensive income and is shown in other reserves in shareholders equity (note 20).
16p77(a-d) 1p79(b)
70

DV, 1p104
Depreciation expense of C8,054 (2009: C5,252) has been charged in cost of goods sold, C5,568 (2009: C2,410) in selling and marketing costs and C4,132 (2009: C2,000) in administrative expenses. Lease rentals amounting to C1,172 (2009: C895) and C9,432 (2009: C7,605) relating to the lease of machinery and property, respectively, are included in the income statement (note 29). If land and buildings were stated on the historical cost basis, the amounts would be as follows:
2010 Cost Accumulated depreciation Net book amount 93,079 (6,131) 86,948 2009 37,684 (2,197) 35,487
17p35(c)
16p77(e)
16p74(a)
Bank borrowings are secured on land and buildings for the value of C37,680 (2009: C51,306) (note 22). Vehicles and machinery includes the following amounts where the group is a lessee under a nance lease:
2010 Cost capitalised nance leases Accumulated depreciation Net book amount 13,996 (5,150) 8,846 2009 14,074 (3,926) 10,148
17p35(d)
The group leases various vehicles and machinery under non-cancellable nance lease agreements. The lease terms are between three and 15 years, and ownership of the assets lie within the group.
71

7 Intangible assets
Internally generated Contractual Trademarks customer and licences Relationships software development costs
Goodwill
Total
38p118(c) At 1 January 2009 IFRS3p75(a) Cost IFRS3 Accumulated amortisation and p75(a) impairment
12,546 12,546
8,301 (330) 7,971
1,455 (510) 945
22,302 (840) 21,462
Net book amount

38p118(e) IFRS3p74 IFRS3p75(f) 38p118(e)(i)
Year ended 31 December 2009 Opening net book amount Exchange dierences Additions Amortisation charge (note 29a) Closing net book amount At 31 December 2009
12,546 (546) 12,000
7,971 (306) 700 (365) 8,000
945 (45) (200) 700
21,462 (897) 700 (565) 20,700
38p118(c) Cost IFRS3p75(a) Accumulated amortisation and IFRS3p75(a) impairment
12,000 12,000
8,710 (710) 8,000
1,400 (700) 700
22,110 (1,410) 20,700
Net book amount

38p118(e) Year ended 31 December 2010 IFRS3p74 Opening net book amount IFRS3p75(f) Exchange dierences 38p118(e)(i) Additions IFRS3p75(b) Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) IFRS3p75(e) Impairment charge (note 29a)
Amortisation charge (note 29a)

IFRS5p38 Transferred to disposal group
12,000 341 4,501 (4,650) 12,192
8,000 96 684 3,000 (402) (1,000) 10,378
1,000 (278) 722
700 134 2,366 (120) (100) 2,980
20,700 571 3,050 8,501 (4,650) (800) (1,100) 26,272
classied as held for sale Closing net book amount

38p118(c) IFRS3p75(h) IFRS3 p75(h)
At 31 December 2010 Cost Accumulated amortisation and impairment Net book amount
16,842 (4,650) 12,192
11,480 (1,102) 10,378
1,000 (278) 722
3,800 (820) 2,980
33,122 (6,850) 26,272
36p126(a)
The carrying amount of the segment has been reduced to its recoverable amount through recognition of an impairment loss against goodwill. This loss has been included in cost of goods sold in the income statement. Amortisation of C40 (2009: C100) is included in the cost of goods sold the income statement; C680 (2009: C365) in distribution costs; and C80 (2009: C100) in administrative expenses. Additions of internally generated software development cost includes C75 (2009: nil) of interest capitalised at an average borrowing rate of 8.0%.
38p118(d)
72

DV
The trademark transferred to the disposal group classied as held for sale relates to the Shoes Limited trademark (part of the wholesale segment), which was previously recognised by the group on the acquisition of the entity in 2006. A further net book amount of C100 transferred to the disposal group relates to software that was specically developed for Shoes Limited. See note 16 for further details regarding the disposal group held for sale. Impairment tests for goodwill
36p134(d)
Goodwill is allocated to the groups cash-generating units (CGUs) identied according to operating segment. An operating segment-level summary of the goodwill allocation is presented below.
36p134(a)
2010 Wholesale UK US Europe Russia China All other segments 6,250 325 1,609 100 146 210 8,640 Retail 1,051 2,501 3,552 Total 7,301 2,826 1,609 100 146 210 12,192 Wholesale 5,970 125 705 4,750 100 200 11,850
2009 Retail 120 30 150 Total 6,090 155 705 4,750 100 200 12,000
During 2009, retail did not qualify as a reportable operating segment. However, with the acquisition in 2010 of ABC Group (note 39), retail qualies as a separate reportable operating segment; the comparatives have therefore been restated to be consistent.
36p130(e) 36p134(c) 36p134 (d)(iii)
The recoverable amount of all CGUs has been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations use pre-tax cash ow projections based on nancial budgets approved by management covering a ve-year period. Cash ows beyond the ve-year period are extrapolated using the estimated growth rates stated below. The growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the shoe business in which the CGU operates. The key assumptions used for value-in-use calculations in 2010 are as follows1:
Wholesale
UK US Europe Russia
36p134 (d)(i)
Retail
All Other China Segments UK US
36p134(d) Gross margin2 36p134 (d)(iv) Growth rate3 36p134 (d)(v) 36p130(g) Discount rate4
60.0% 1.8%
59.0% 1.8%
60.0% 1.8%
55.5% 2.0%
57.0% 2.0%
56.0% 1.9%
58.0% 1.1%
56.0% 1.3%
10.5%
10.0%
10.7%
12.8%
12.0%
12.8%
11.5%
11.0%
1 Disclosure of long-term growth rates and discount rates is required. Other key assumptions are required to be disclosed and quantied where a reasonably possible change in the key assumption would remove any remaining headroom in the impairment calculation. Otherwise the additional disclosures are encouraged but not required. 2 Budgeted gross margin. 3 Weighted average growth rate used to extrapolate cash ows beyond the budget period. 4 Pre-tax discount rate applied to the cash ow projections.
73

36p134(d)(i)
The key assumptions used for value-in-use calculations in 2009 are as follows1:
Wholesale
UK US Europe Russia
Retail
All Other China Segments UK US
36p134(d) Gross margin2 36p134 Growth rate3 (d)(iv) 36p134 (d)(v) 36p130(g) Discount rate4 36p134 (d)(ii) 36p134 (d)(ii)
62.5% 2.0%
61.0% 2.0%
62.5% 2.0%
58.0% 2.5%
59.0% 2.5%
58.0% 2.3%
60.0% 1.3%
58.0% 1.5%
10.0%
9.5%
10.1%
11.5%
11.0%
11.0%
11.0%
10.4%
These assumptions have been used for the analysis of each CGU within the operating segment. Management determined budgeted gross margin based on past performance and its expectations of market development. The weighted average growth rates used are consistent with the forecasts included in industry reports. The discount rates used are pretax and reect specic risks relating to the relevant operating segments. The impairment charge arose in a wholesale CGU in Step-land (included in the Russian operating segment) following a decision in early 2010 to reduce the manufacturing output allocated to these operations (note 25). This was a result of a redenition of the groups allocation of manufacturing volumes across all CGUs in order to benet from advantageous market conditions. Following this decision, the group reassessed the depreciation policies of its property, plant and equipment in this country and estimated that their useful lives would not be aected. No class of asset other than goodwill was impaired. The pre-tax discount rate used in the previous years for the wholesale CGU in Step-land was 11.5%. In European Wholesale, the recoverable amount calculated based on value in use exceeded carrying value by C205,000. A reduction in gross margin of 1.5%, a fall in growth rate to 1.6% or a rise in discount rate to 10.9% would remove the remaining headroom.
36p130(a)
36p134(f)
8 Investments in associates
2010 At 1 January Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) Share of (loss)/prot5 Exchange dierences (note 20) Other equity movements: available-for-sale reserve (note 20) At 31 December 13,244 389 (174) (74) (12) 13,373 2009 13,008 145 105 (14) 13,244
28p38
28p38
28p37(b)
The groups share of the results of its principal associates, all of which are unlisted, and its aggregated assets (including goodwill) and liabilities, are as follows6:
1
Disclosure of long-term growth rates and discount rates is required. Other key assumptions are required to be disclosed and quantied where a reasonably possible change in the key assumption would remove any remaining headroom in the impairment calculation. Otherwise the additional disclosures are encouraged but not required. 2 Budgeted gross margin. 3 Weighted average growth rate used to extrapolate cash ows beyond the budget period. 4 Pre-tax discount rate applied to the cash ow projections. 5 Share of prot/(loss) is after tax and Non-controlling interest in associates (IG14). 6 An alternative method of presentation is to give the gross amounts of assets and liabilities (excluding goodwill) of associates and not of the groups share.
74

Name
Country of incorporation
Assets Liabilities
Revenues Prot/(Loss)
% interest held
2009 Alfa Limited Beta SA
Cyprus Greece
27,345 9,573 36,918
20,295 3,379 23,674 25,174 5,949 15,278 46,401
35,012 10,001 45,013 31,123 9,001 25,741 65,865
155 (10) 145 200 15 (389) (174)
25 30
2010 Alfa Limited Beta SA Delta Limited
Cyprus Greece UK
32,381 12,115 15,278 59,774
25 30 42
28p37(g)
The group has not recognised losses amounting to C20 (2009: nil) for Delta Limited. The accumulated losses not recognised were C20 (2009: nil).
9a Financial instruments by category

Assets at fair value through the prot and Loans and loss receivables 31 December 2010 Assets as per balance sheet Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other receivables excluding pre-payments1 Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Cash and cash equivalents Total
IFRS7p6
Derivatives used for hedging
Availablefor-sale
Total
20,787 17,928 38,715
361 11,820 12,181 Liabilities at fair value through the prot and loss
1,103 1,103
19,370 19,370 Other nancial liabilities at amortised cost
19,370 1,464 20,787 11,820 17,928 71,369
Total
Liabilities as per balance sheet Borrowings (excluding nance lease liabilities) Finance lease liabilities Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other payables excluding statutory liabilities2 Total
117,839 8,998 15,668 142,505
117,839 8,998 595 15,668 143,100
268 268
327 327
1 Pre-payments are excluded from the trade and other receivables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments. 2 Statutory liabilities are excluded from the trade payables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments.
75

Assets at fair value through the Loans and prot and receivables loss 31 December 2009 Assets as per balance sheet Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments1 Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Cash and cash equivalents Total
Derivatives used for Available for hedging sale
Total
18,536 34,062 52,598
321 7,972 8,293
875 875
14,910 14,910
14,910 1,196 18,536 7,972 34,062 76,676
Liabilities at fair value through the prot and loss Liabilities as per balance sheet Borrowings (excluding nance lease liabilities) Finance lease liabilities Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other payables excluding statutory liabilities2 Total
Other nancial liabilities
Total
104,006 10,598 11,518 126,122
104,006 10,598 747 11,518 126,869
298 298
449 449
1 Pre-payments are excluded from the trade and other receivables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments. 2 Statutory liabilities are excluded from the trade payables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments.
76

9b Credit quality of nancial assets

IFRS7 p36(c)
The credit quality of nancial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:
2010 Trade receivables Counterparties with external credit rating (Moodys) A BB BBB 2009
5,895 3,200 1,500 10,595
5,757 3,980 1,830 11,567
Counterparties without external credit rating Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
750 4,832 1,770 7,352
555 3,596 1,312 5,463 17,030
Total unimpaired trade receivables Cash at bank and short-term bank deposits1 AAA AA A
17,947
8,790 5,300 6,789 20,879
15,890 7,840 11,257 34,987
DV
Available-for-sale debt securities AA
347 347
264 264
DV
Derivative nancial assets AAA AA
1,046 418 1,464
826 370 1,196 1,301 87 1,388
Loans to related parties Group 2 Group 3
2,501 167 2,668
& &
Group 1 new customers/related parties (less than 6 months). Group 2 existing customers/related parties (more than 6 months) with no defaults in the past. Group 3 existing customers/related parties (more than 6 months) with some defaults in the past. All defaults were fully recovered.
&
Note: None of the nancial assets that are fully performing has been renegotiated in the last year. None of the loans to related parties is past due but not impaired.
1
The rest of the balance sheet item cash and cash equivalents is cash in hand.
77

10 Available-for-sale nancial assets

2010 At 1 January Exchange dierences Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) Additions Disposals Net gains/(losses) transfer from equity (note 20) Net gains/(losses) transfer to equity (note 20) At 31 December Less: non-current portion Current portion 14,910 646 473 4,037 (1,256) (130) 690 19,370 (17,420) 1,950 2009 14,096 (435) 1,126 (152) 275 14,910 (14,910)
1p79(b)
1p66 1p66 IFRS7 p20(a)(ii)
The group removed prots of C217 (2009: C187) and losses C87 (2009: C35) from equity into the income statement. Losses in the amount of C55 (2009: C20) were due to impairments. Available-for-sale nancial assets include the following:
2010 Listed securities: Equity securities UK Equity securities Europe Equity securities US Debentures with xed interest of 6.5% and maturity date of 27 August 2012 Non-cumulative 9.0% non-redeemable preference shares Unlisted securities: Debt securities with xed interest ranging from 6.3% to 6.5% and maturity dates between July 2011 and May 2013 8,335 5,850 4,550 210 78 2009 8,300 2,086 4,260
IFRS7p,31, 34
347 19,370
264 14,910
IFRS7 p34(c)
Available-for-sale nancial assets are denominated in the following currencies:

2010 UK pound Euro US dollar Other currencies 7,897 5,850 4,550 1,073 19,370 2009 8,121 2,086 4,260 443 14,910
IFRS7p27
The fair values of unlisted securities are based on cash ows discounted using a rate based on the market interest rate and the risk premium specic to the unlisted securities (2010: 6%; 2009: 5.8%). The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of the debt securities classied as available for sale. None of these nancial assets is either past due or impaired.
IFRS7 p36(a) IFRS7 p36(c)
78

11 Derivative nancial instruments

2010 Assets
IFRS7 p22(a)(b) IFRS7 p22(a)(b) IFRS7 p22(a)(b)
2009 Liabilities 110 37 180 268 595 100 35 135 460 Assets 220 49 606 321 1,196 200 45 245 951 Liabilities 121 11 317 298 747 120 9 129 618
Interest rate swaps cash ow hedges Interest rate swaps fair value hedges Forward foreign exchange contracts cash ow hedges Forward foreign exchange contracts held-for-trading Total
351 57 695 361 1,464 345 50 395
1p66
Less non-current portion: Interest rate swaps cash ow hedges Interest rate swaps fair value hedges
1p66
Current portion
1,069
Trading derivatives are classied as a current asset or liability. The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classied as a non-current asset or liability if the remaining maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months and, as a current asset or liability, if the maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months.
IFRS7p24
The ineective portion recognised in the prot or loss that arises from fair value hedges amounts to a loss of C1 (2009: loss of C1) (note 26). The ineective portion recognised in the prot or loss that arises from cash ow hedges amounts to a gain of C17 (2009: a gain of C14) (note 26). There was no ineectiveness to be recorded from net investment in foreign entity hedges. (a) Forward foreign exchange contracts
IFRS7p31
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts at 31 December 2010 were C92,370 (2009: C89,689). The hedged highly probable forecast transactions denominated in foreign currency are expected to occur at various dates during the next 12 months. Gains and losses recognised in the hedging reserve in equity (note 20) on forward foreign exchange contracts as of 31 December 2010 are recognised in the income statement in the period or periods during which the hedged forecast transaction aects the income statement. This is generally within 12 months of the end of the reporting period unless the gain or loss is included in the initial amount recognised for the purchase of xed assets, in which case recognition is over the lifetime of the asset (ve to 10 years). (b) Interest rate swaps
IFRS7 p23(a) 39p100, 1p79(b)
IFRS7p31
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts at 31 December 2010 were C4,314 (2009: C3,839). At 31 December 2010, the xed interest rates vary from 6.9% to 7.4% (2009: 6.7% to 7.2%), and the main oating rates are EURIBOR and LIBOR. Gains and losses recognised in the hedging reserve in equity (note 20) on interest rate swap contracts as of
IFRS7 p23(a)
79

31 December 2010 will be continuously released to the income statement within nance cost until the repayment of the bank borrowings (note 22). (c) Hedge of net investment in foreign entity
IFRS7p22, 1p79(b)
A proportion of the groups US dollar-denominated borrowing amounting to C321 (2009: C321) is designated as a hedge of the net investment in the groups US subsidiary. The fair value of the borrowing at 31 December 2010 was C370 (2009: C279). The foreign exchange loss of C45 (2009: gain of C40) on translation of the borrowing to currency at the end of the reporting period is recognised in other comprehensive income . The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the fair value of the derivative assets in the balance sheet.
IFRS7 p36(a)
12 Trade and other receivables

2010
IFRS7p36, Trade receivables 1p77
2009 17,172 (70) 17,102 1,146 46 1,388 19,682 (1,352) 18,330
Less: provision for impairment of trade receivables

1p78(b) 1p78(b) 1p78(b), 24p17(b) 1p78(b), 24p17(b)
18,174 (109) 18,065 1,300 54 2,668 22,087
Trade receivables net Prepayments Receivables from related parties (note 40) Loans to related parties (note 40)
1p78(b), 1p66 1p66
Less non-current portion: loans to related parties Current portion
(2,322) 19,765
All non-current receivables are due within ve years from the end of the reporting period.
IFRS7p25
The fair values of trade and other receivables are as follows:

2010 Trade receivables Receivables from related parties Loans to related parties 18,065 54 2,722 20,841 2009 17,172 46 1,398 18,616
IFRS7p27
The fair values of loans to related parties are based on cash ows discounted using a rate based on the borrowings rate of 7.5% (2009: 7.2%). The discount rate equals to LIBOR plus appropriate credit rating. The eective interest rates on non-current receivables were as follows:
2010 Loans to related parties (note 40) 6.5-7.0% 2009 6.5-7.0%
24p17(b)(i)
80

IFRS7p14
Certain European subsidiaries of the group transferred receivable balances amounting to C1,014 to a bank in exchange for cash during the year ended 31 December 2010. The transaction has been accounted for as a collateralised borrowing (note 22). In case the entities default under the loan agreement, the bank has the right to receive the cash ows from the receivables transferred. Without default, the entities will collect the receivables and allocate new receivables as collateral. As of 31 December 2010, trade receivables of C17,670 (2009: C16,595) were fully performing. As of 31 December 2010, trade receivables of C277 (2009: C207) were past due but not impaired. These relate to a number of independent customers for whom there is no recent history of default. The ageing analysis of these trade receivables is as follows:
2010 Up to 3 months 3 to 6 months 177 100 277 2009 108 99 207
DV
IFRS7 p37(a)
IFRS7 p37(b)
As of 31 December 2010, trade receivables of C227 (2009: C142) were impaired and provided for. The amount of the provision was C109 as of 31 December 2010 (2009: C70). The individually impaired receivables mainly relate to wholesalers, which are in unexpectedly dicult economic situations. It was assessed that a portion of the receivables is expected to be recovered. The ageing of these receivables is as follows:
2010 3 to 6 months Over 6 months 177 50 227 2009 108 34 142
The carrying amounts of the groups trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:
2010 UK pound Euros US dollar Other currencies 9,846 5,987 6,098 156 22,087
IFRS7p16
2009 8,669 6,365 4,500 148 19,682
Movements on the group provision for impairment of trade receivables are as follows:
2010 At 1 January 70 74 (28) (10) 3 109 2009 38 61 (23) (8) 2 70
IFRS7 p20(e)
Provision for receivables impairment Receivables written o during the year as uncollectible Unused amounts reversed Unwind of discount At 31 December
81

The creation and release of provision for impaired receivables have been included in other expenses in the income statement (note 29). Unwind of discount is included in nance costs in the income statement (note 31). Amounts charged to the allowance account are generally written o, when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash.
IFRS7p16 IFRS7 p36(a)
The other classes within trade and other receivables do not contain impaired assets. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable mentioned above. The group does not hold any collateral as security.
13 Inventories
2010
2p36(b), 1p78(c)
2009 7,612 1,796 8,774 18,182
Raw materials Work in progress Finished goods1
7,622 1,810 15,268 24,700
2p36(d), 38 The
cost of inventories recognised as expense and included in cost of sales amounted to C60,252 (2009: C29,545). The group reversed C603 of a previous inventory write-down in July 2010. The group has sold all the goods that were written down to an independent retailer in Australia at original cost. The amount reversed has been included in cost of sales in the income statement.
2p36(f)(g)
14 Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss

2010
IFRS7p8(a), 31, 34(c) Listed securities held for trading
2009
Equity securities UK Equity securities Europe Equity securities US
5,850 4,250 1,720 11,820
3,560 3,540 872 7,972
7p15
Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss are presented within operating activities as part of changes in working capital in the statement of cash ows (note 36). Changes in fair values of nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss are recorded in other (losses)/gains net in the income statement (note 26).
IFRS7p27
The fair value of all equity securities is based on their current bid prices in an active market.
Separate disclosure of nished goods at fair value less cost to sell is required, where applicable.
82

15 Cash and cash equivalents
2010 Cash at bank and on hand Short-term bank deposits Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts)
7p45
2009 28,648 5,414 34,062
8,398 9,530 17,928
Cash and cash equivalents include the following for the purposes of the statement of cash ows:
2010 2009 34,062 (6,464) 27,598
7p8
Cash and cash equivalents Bank overdrafts (note 22) Cash and cash equivalents
17,928 (2,650) 15,278
16 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

IFRS5p41 (a)(b)(d)
The assets and liabilities related to company Shoes Limited (part of the wholesale segment) have been presented as held for sale following the approval of the groups management and shareholders on 23 September 2010 to sell company Shoes Limited in the UK. The completion date for the transaction is expected by May 2011.
2010 2009 190 (20) (66) 104
IFRS5p33(c) Operating cash ows1 IFRS5p33(c) Investing cash ows1 IFRS5p33(c) Financing cash ows1
300 (103) (295) (98)
Total cash ows

IFRS5p38
(a) Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale

2010 Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Inventory Other current assets Total 1,563 1,100 442 228 3,333 2009
1 Under this approach, the entity presents the statement of cash ows as if no discontinued operation has occurred and makes the required IFRS 5 para 33 disclosures in the notes. It would also be acceptable to present the three categories separately on the face of the statement of cash ows and present the line-by-line breakdown of the categories, either in the notes or on the face of the statement of cash ows. It would not be acceptable to present all cash ows from discontinued operations in one line either as investing or operating activity.
83

IFRS5p38
(b) Liabilities of disposal group classied as held for sale

2010 Trade and other payables Other current liabilities Provisions Total 104 20 96 220 2009
IFRS5p38
(c) Cumulative income or expense recognised in other comprehensive income relating to disposal group classied as held for sale
2010 Foreign exchange translation adjustments Total
1
2009
IFRS5p33 (b)
Analysis of the result of discontinued operations, and the result recognised on the remeasurement of assets or disposal group, is as follows2:
2010 Revenue Expenses Prot before tax of discontinued operations 1,200 (960) 240 (96) 144 (73) 29 (44) 100 2009 1,150 (950) 200 (80) 120 120
12p81(h)(ii) Tax
Prot after tax of discontinued operations Pre-tax gain/(loss) recognised on the re-measurement of assets of disposal group 12p81(h)(ii) Tax After tax gain/(loss) recognised on the re-measurement of assets of disposal group Prot for the year from discontinued operations
1 IFRS 5 requires the separate presentation of any cumulative income or expense recognised in other comprehensive income relating to a non-current asset (or disposal group) classied as held for sale. There are no items recognised in equity relating to the disposal group classied as held-for-sale, but the line items are shown for illustrative purposes. 2 These disclosures can also be given on the face of the primary nancial statements.
84

Fair value estimation The following table presents the groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2010.
IFRS7 p27B(a)
Level 1 Assets Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Available-for-sale nancial assets Equity securities Debt investments Total assets Liabilities Financial liabilities at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Total liabilities
Level 2
Level 3
Total balance
459.3 39.2 498.5
4.9 15.8 20.7
24.6 24.6
4.9 15.8 459.3 63.8 543.8
2.2 13.6 15.8
2.2 13.6 15.8
The following table presents the groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2009.
IFRS7 p27B(a)
Level 1 Assets Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Available-for-sale nancial assets Equity securities Debt investments Total assets Liabilities Financial liabilities at fair value through prot or loss Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Total liabilities
Level 2
Level 3
Total balance
3.1 4.0 377.0 21.1 398.1
3.1 4.0 377.0 33.0 417.1
7.1
11.9 11.9
3.3 13.8 17.1
3.3 13.8 17.1
The fair value of nancial instruments traded in active markets is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. A market is regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service, or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arms length basis. The quoted market price used for nancial assets held by the group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1. Instruments included in level 1 comprise listed equity investments classied as available for sale.
85

IFRS7p27
The fair value of nancial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximise the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specic estimates. If all signicant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. If one or more of the signicant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument would be included in level 3. The following table presents the changes in level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2010.
Available for sale Unlisted debt securities Total balance Opening balance Transfers into level 3 Additions Gains and losses recognised in the statement of total recognised gains and losses Closing balance 11.9 9.7 3 24.6
IFRS7 p27B(c)
The following table presents the changes in level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2009.
Available for sale Unlisted debt securities Total balance Opening balance Additions Gains and losses recognised in the statement of total recognised gains and losses Closing balance 11.9
IFRS7 p27B(c)
11.9
86

1p79
17 Share capital and premium

Number of shares (thousands) At 1 January 2009 Employee share option scheme: 20,000
Ordinary shares 20,000
Share premium 10,424
Total 30,424
1p106 (d)(iii)
Proceeds from shares issued At 31 December 2009 Employee share option scheme:
1,000 21,000
1,000 21,000
70 10,494
1,070 31,494
1p106 (d)(iii) IFRS3 p67(d)(ii) 1p79(a)
Proceeds from shares issued Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) At 31 December 2010
750 3,550 25,300
750 3,550 25,300
200 6,450 17,144
950 10,000 42,444
1p79(a)
The company acquired 875,000 of its own shares through purchases on the EuroMoney stock exchange on 18 April 2010. The total amount paid to acquire the shares, net of income tax, was C2,564 and has been deducted from retained earnings1 within shareholders equity (note 19). The shares are held as treasury shares. The company has the right to re-issue2 these shares at a later date. All shares issued by the company were fully paid. The group issued 3,550,000 shares on 1 March 2010 (14.0% of the total ordinary share capital issued) to the shareholders of ABC group as part of the purchase consideration for 70% of its ordinary share capital. The ordinary shares issued have the same rights as the other shares in issue. The fair value of the shares issued amounted to C10.05 million (C2.83 per share). The related transaction costs amounting to C50 have been netted o with the deemed proceeds. The company reissued 500,000 treasury shares for a total consideration of C1,500 on 15 January 2010.
18 Share-based payment
IFRS2 p45(a)
Share options are granted to directors and to selected employees. The exercise price of the granted options is equal to the market price of the shares less 15% on the date of the grant. Options are conditional on the employee completing three years service (the vesting period). The options are exercisable starting three years from the grant date, subject to the group achieving its target growth in earnings per share over the period of ination plus 4%; the options have a contractual option term of ve years. The group has no legal or constructive obligation to repurchase or settle the options in cash.
The accounting treatment of treasury shares should be recorded in accordance with local company law and practice. Treasury shares may be disclosed separately on the balance sheet or deducted from retained earnings or a specic reserve. 2 Depending on local Company Law, the company could have the right to resell the treasury shares.
87

Movements in the number of share options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise prices are as follows:
2010 Average exercise price in C per share
IFRS2 p45(b)(i) IFRS2 p45(b)(ii) IFRS2 p45(b)(iii) IFRS2 p45(b)(iv) IFRS2 p45(b)(v)
2009 Average exercise price in C per share 1.29 2.38 2.00 1.08 0.80 1.73
Options (thousands) 4,744 964 (750) (125) 4,833
Options (thousands) 4,150 1,827 (200) (1,000) (33) 4,744
At 1 January Granted Forfeited Exercised Expired
1.73 2.95 1.28 2.30 2.03
IFRS2p45 (b)(vi) At 31 December
IFRS2p45 (b)(vii), IFRS2 p45(c)
Out of the 4,833,000 outstanding options (2009: 4,744,000 options), 400,000 options (2009: 600,000) were exercisable. Options exercised in 2010 resulted in 750,000 shares (2009: 1,000,000 shares) being issued at a weighted average price of C1.28 each (2009: C1.08 each). The related weighted average share price at the time of exercise was C2.85 (2009: C2.65) per share. The related transaction costs amounting to C10 (2009: C10) have been netted o with the proceeds received. Share options outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry date and exercise prices:
Expiry date 1 July Exercise price in C per share 1.10 1.20 1.35 2.00 2.38 2.95 Shares 2010 800 1,075 217 1,777 964 4,833 2009 500 900 1,250 267 1,827 4,744
IFRS2 p45(d)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
IFRS2p46 IFRS2 p47(a)
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the period determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model was C0.86 per option (2009: C0.66). The signicant inputs into the model were weighted average share price of C3.47 (2009: C2.80) at the grant date, exercise price shown above, volatility of 30% (2009: 27%), dividend yield of 4.3% (2009: 3.5%), an expected option life of three years (2009: 3 years) and an annual risk-free interest rate of 5% (2009: 4%). The volatility measured at the standard deviation of continuously compounded share returns is based on statistical analysis of daily share prices over the last three years. See note 30a for the total expense recognised in the income statement for share options granted to directors and employees.
88

33p71(e) 10p21, 22(f)
On 1 January 2011, 1,200,000 share options were granted to directors and employees with an exercise price set at the market share prices less 15% on that date of C3.20 per share (share price: C3.68) (expiry date: 31 December 2015).
19 Retained earnings
1p106(d)
At 1 January 2009 Prot for the year 1p106(d) Dividends paid relating to 2008 IFRS2p50 Value of employee services1 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings net of tax 12p68C Tax credit relating to share option scheme 19p93A Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations net of tax At 31 December 2009
1p106(d)
48,470 15,512 (15,736) 822 87 20 (494) 48,681 48,681 30,617 (10,102) 690 100 30 (2,564) (10) 67,442
At 1 January 2010 Prot for the year 1p106(d) Dividends relating to 2009 IFRS2p50 Value of employee services1 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings net of tax 12p68C Tax credit relating to share option scheme 1p106(d) Purchase of treasury shares2 19p93A Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations net of tax
12p81 (a),(b)
Impact of change in Euravian tax rate on deferred tax3 At 31 December 2010
1 The credit entry to equity in respect of the IFRS 2 charge should be recorded in accordance with local company law and practice. This may be a specic reserve, retained earnings or share capital. 2 The accounting treatment of treasury shares should be recorded in accordance with local company law and practice. Treasury shares may be disclosed separately on the balance sheet or deducted from retained earnings or a specic reserve. 3 Solely for illustrative purposes, a change in Euravian tax rates has been assumed to have taken place in 2010. i UK Companies with 31 December 2010 year ends will need to consider the impact of the reduction in tax rates in the Finance (No.2) Act 2010.
89

20 Other reserves
Land and buildings revaluation1 Availablefor-sale Investments
Convertible bond
Hedging reserve
Translation
Total
At 1 January 2009
16p39, IFRS7 p20(a)(ii) 12p61A, 81(a)(b) 28p39 16p41 16p41 1p96(b) IFRS7p23(c) 12p61, 81(a) IFRS7p23(d) 12p61A, 81(a)(b) IFRS7p23(e) 12p61, 81(a) 39p102(a) 1p106(d) 21p52(b) 28p39
1,152
65
1,320
3,827
6,364
Revaluation gross (notes 6 and 10) Revaluation transfer -- gross Revaluation tax (note 32) Revaluation associates (note 8) Depreciation transfer -- gross Depreciation transfer tax Cash ow hedges: Fair value gains in year Tax on fair value gains (note 32) Transfers to sales Tax on transfers to sales (note 32) Transfers to inventory Tax on transfers to inventory (note 32) Net investment hedge (note 11) Currency translation dierences: Group Associates At 31 December 2009
1,133
275 (152) (61) (14)
1,408 (152) (435) (14) (130) 43 300 (101) (236) 79 (67) 22 40
(374) (130) 43
300 (101) (236) 79 (67) 22
40
(50) 1,774
62
1,368
(171) 105 3,801
(221) 105 7,005
1 An entity should disclose in its nancial statements whether there are any restrictions on the distribution of the land and buildings fair value reserve to the equity holders of the company (IAS16p77(f)).
90

16p39, IFRS7 p20(a)(ii) 12p61A, 81(a)(b)
Revaluation gross (note 10) Revaluation transfer -- gross
690 (130) (198) (12)
690 (130) (198) (12) (149) 49 368 (123) (120) 40 (151) 50 (45)
Revaluation tax (note 32) Revaluation associates 28p39 (note 8) 16p41 Depreciation transfer -- gross 16p41 Depreciation transfer tax 1p96(b) Cash ow hedges: IFRS7p23(c) Fair value gains in year 12p61A, Tax on fair value gains 81(a)(b) (note 32) IFRS7p23(d) Transfers sales 12p61A, Tax on transfers to sales 81(a)(b) (note 32) IFRS7p23(e) Transfers to inventory 12p61A, Tax on transfers to 81(a)(b) inventory (note 32) 39p102(a) Net investment hedge (note 11) 1p106(d) Currency translation dierences: 21p52(b) Group 28p39 Associates Convertible bond equity component (note 22) 7,761 12p61A, Tax on equity component 81(a), on convertible bond (note 32) (2,328) At 31 December 2010 5,433
(149) 49
368 (123) (120) 40 (151) 50
(45)
15 1,689
126
1,718
2,051 (74) 5,733
2,066 (74) 7,761 (2,328) 14,699
Note: It is assumed that the tax base on the convertible bond is not split between the debt and equity elements. If the tax base were split, this would impact the deferred tax position.
21 Trade and other payables

2010
1p77 24p17
2009 9,495 1,195 960 828 12,478
Trade payables Amounts due to related parties (note 40) Social security and other taxes Other liabilities contingent consideration (Note 39) Accrued expenses
8,983 2,202 2,002 2,000 1,483 16,670
91

22 Borrowings
2010 Non-current Bank borrowings Convertible bond Debentures and other loans Redeemable preference shares Finance lease liabilities 32,193 42,822 3,300 30,000 6,806 115,121 Current Bank overdrafts (note 15) Collateralised borrowings Bank borrowings Debentures and other loans Finance lease liabilities 2,650 1,014 3,368 2,492 2,192 11,716 Total borrowings 126,837 2009 40,244 18,092 30,000 8,010 96,346 6,464 4,598 4,608 2,588 18,258 114,604
(a) Bank borrowings

IFRS7p31
Bank borrowings mature until 2015 and bear average coupons of 7.5% annually (2009: 7.4% annually). Total borrowings include secured liabilities (bank and collateralised borrowings) of C37,680 (2009: C51,306). Bank borrowings are secured by the land and buildings of the group (note 6). Collateralised borrowings are secured by trade receivables (note 12). The exposure of the groups borrowings to interest rate changes and the contractual repricing dates at the end of the reporting period are as follows:
2010 6 months or less 6-12 months 1-5 years Over 5 years 10,496 36,713 47,722 31,906 126,837 2009 16,748 29,100 38,555 30,201 114,604
IFRS7p14
IFRS7p31
IFRS7p25
The carrying amounts and fair value of the non-current borrowings are as follows:
Carrying amount 2010 2009 Bank borrowings Redeemable preference shares Debentures and other loans Convertible bond Finance lease liabilities 32,193 30,000 3,300 42,822 6,806 115,121 40,244 30,000 18,092 8,010 96,346 Fair value 2009 39,960 28,850 17,730 7,990 94,530
2010 32,590 28,450 3,240 42,752 6,205 113,237
92

IFRS7 p29(a) IFRS7p25
The fair value of current borrowings equals their carrying amount, as the impact of discounting is not signicant. The fair values are based on cash ows discounted using a rate based on the borrowing rate of 7.5% (2009: 7.2%). The carrying amounts of the groups borrowings are denominated in the following currencies:
2010 UK pound Euro US dollar Other currencies 80,100 28,353 17,998 386 126,837 2009 80,200 16,142 17,898 364 114,604
IFRS7p31, 34(c)
DV7p50(a)
The group has the following undrawn borrowing facilities:

2010 Floating rate: Expiring within one year Expiring beyond one year Fixed rate: Expiring within one year 6,150 14,000 18,750 38,900 2009 4,100 8,400 12,500 25,000
The facilities expiring within one year are annual facilities subject to review at various dates during 2011. The other facilities have been arranged to help nance the proposed expansion of the groups activities in Europe. (b) Convertible bonds
IFRS7p17, 1p79(b)
The company issued 500,000 5.0% convertible bonds at a par value of C50 million1 on 2 January 2010. The bonds mature ve years from the issue date at their nominal value of C50 million or can be converted into shares at the holders option at the maturity date at the rate of 33 shares per C5,00. The values of the liability component and the equity conversion component were determined at issuance of the bond. The fair value of the liability component, included in non-current borrowings, was calculated using a market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible bond. The residual amount, representing the value of the equity conversion option, is included in shareholders equity in other reserves (note 20), net of income taxes.
32p28, 32p31, 1p79(b)
These amounts are not in C thousands.
93

The convertible bond recognised in the balance sheet is calculated as follows:

2010 Face value of convertible bond issued on 2 January 2010
12Appx BEx4
2009
50,000 (7,761) 42,239 3,083 (2,500) 42,822
Equity component (note 20) Liability component on initial recognition at 2 January 2010 Interest expense (note 31) Interest paid Liability component at 31 December 2010
IFRS7p27
The fair value of the liability component of the convertible bond at 31 December 2010 amounted to C42,617. The fair value is calculated using cash ows discounted at a rate based on the borrowings rate of 7.5%. (c) Redeemable preference shares
32p15, 32p18(a)
The group issued 30 million cumulative redeemable preference shares with a par value of C1 per share on 4 January 2009. The shares are mandatorily redeemable at their par value on 4 January 2014, and pay dividends at 6.5% annually. On 1 February 2010, the group issued C6,777 6.5% US dollar bonds to nance its expansion programme and working capital requirements in the US. The bonds are repayable on 31 December 2015. (d) Finance lease liabilities Lease liabilities are eectively secured as the rights to the leased asset revert to the lessor in the event of default.
2010 2009 3,203 7,160 2,891 13,254 (2,656) 10,598
10p21
17p31(b)
Gross nance lease liabilities minimum lease payments No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years Future nance charges on nance leases Present value of nance lease liabilities
2,749 6,292 2,063 11,104 (2,106) 8,998
17p31(b)
The present value of nance lease liabilities is as follows:

2010 No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years 2,192 4,900 1,906 8,998 2009 2,588 5,287 2,723 10,598
94

23 Deferred income tax

The analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is as follows:
2010
1p61
2009 (3,257) (64) (3,321) 8,016 1,037 9,053 5,732
Deferred tax assets: Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months
(2,873) (647) (3,520)
Deferred tax liabilities: Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months Deferred tax liability to be recovered within 12 months
10,743 1,627 12,370
Deferred tax liabilities (net)
8,850
The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

2010 At 1 January Exchange dierences Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) Income statement charge (note 32) Tax charge/(credit) relating to components of other comprehensive income (note 32) Tax charged/(credited) directly to equity (note 20) At 31 December
12p81 (g)(i), (ii)
2009 3,047 (154) 2,635 224 (20) 5,732
5,732 (1,753) 1,953 379 241 2,298 8,850
The movement in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the osetting of balances within the same tax jurisdiction, is as follows:
Accelerated tax depreciation 6,058 1,786 241 8,085 Fair value gains 272 435 100 807 Convertible bond
Deferred tax liabilities At 1 January 2009 12p81(g)(ii) Charged/(credited) to the income statement Charged/(credited) to other comprehensive income 12p81(a) Charged directly to equity Exchange dierences
12p81(g)(i) At 31 December 2009 12p81(g)(ii) Charged/(credited) to the income
Other 284 799 1,083
Total 6,614 2,585 435 341 9,975
12p81(a)
statement Charged/(credited) to other comprehensive income Charged directly to equity Acquisition of subsidiary Exchange dierences
425 553 (571) 8,492
231 1,375 (263) 2,150
(193) 2,328 2,135
138 275 (123) 1,373
370 231 2,328 2,203 (957) 14,150
12p81(g)(i) At 31 December 2010
95

Deferred tax assets

At 1 January 2009 12p81(g)(ii) Charged/(credited) to the income statement Charged/(credited) to other comprehensive income 12p81(a) Charged/(credited) directly to equity Exchange dierences
Retirement benet Impairment obligation Provisions losses

(428) (211) (639) 10 (250) (879) (962) 181 (35) (816) (538) (125) (1,479) (732) (732) (322) (85) (1,139)
Tax losses
(1,072) (460) (1,532) 1,000 (350) (882)
Other
(373) (131)
Total
(3,567) 50 (211)
(20) (524) (131) (30) (236) (921)
(20) (495) (4,243) 9 10 (30) (250) (796) (5,300)
12p81(a)
(Credited)/charged to the income statement Charged/(credited) to other comprehensive income Charged/(credited) directly to equity Acquisition of subsidiary (note 39) Exchange dierences
12p81(e)
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax loss carry-forwards to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benet through future taxable prots is probable. The group did not recognise deferred income tax assets of C333 (2009: C1,588) in respect of losses amounting to C1,000 (2009: C5,294) that can be carried forward against future taxable income. Losses amounting to C900 (2009: C5,294) and C100 (2009: nil) expire in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Deferred income tax liabilities of C3,141 (2009: C2,016) have not been recognised for the withholding tax and other taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries. Such amounts are permanently reinvested. Unremitted earnings totalled C30,671 at 31 December 2010 (2009: C23,294).
12p81(f)
24 Retirement benet obligations

2010 Balance sheet obligations for: Pension benets Post-employment medical benets Liability in the balance sheet Income statement charge for (note 30a): Pension benets Post-employment medical benets 3,225 1,410 4,635 755 149 904
19p120A(h) Actuarial losses recognised in the statement of other comprehensive
2009 1,532 701 2,233 488 107 595 705 203
income in the period

19p120A(i) Cumulative actuarial losses recognised in the statement of other
908
comprehensive income
96

(a) Pension benets

DV
The group operates dened benet pension plans in the UK and the US based on employee pensionable remuneration and length of service. The majority of plans are externally funded. Plan assets are held in trusts, foundations or similar entities, governed by local regulations and practice in each country, as is the nature of the relationship between the group and the trustees (or equivalent) and their composition. The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are determined as follows:
2010 Present value of funded obligations Fair value of plan assets Decit of funded plans Present value of unfunded obligations Unrecognised past service cost Liability in the balance sheet 6,155 (5,991) 164 3,206 (145) 3,225 2009 2,943 (2,797) 146 1,549 (163) 1,532
19p120A (d)(f)
19p120A(c) The
movement in the dened benet obligation over the year is as follows:

2010 2009 3,479 498 214 30 706 (330) 16 (121) 4,492
At 1 January Current service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Actuarial losses/(gains) Exchange dierences Past service cost 28 Benets paid Liabilities acquired in a business combination (note 39) Curtailments Settlements 28 At 31 December
19p120A(e) The
4,492 751 431 55 (15) (61) 18 (66) 3,691 65 9,361
movement in the fair value of plan assets of the year is as follows:

2010 2009 2,264 240 1 (22) 411 30 (127) 2,797
At 1 January Expected return on plan assets Actuarial (losses)/gains Exchange dierences Employer contributions Employee contributions Benets paid Assets acquired in a business combination (note 39) Settlements (note 28) At 31 December
2,797 510 (15) 25 908 55 (66) 1,777 5,991
97

19p120A(g) The
amounts recognised in the income statement are as follows:

2010 2009 498 214 (240) 16 488
Current service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Past service cost Losses on curtailment footnote as per suggested text. Total, included in sta costs (note 301)
19p120A(g) Of
751 431 (510) 18 65 755
the total charge, C516 (2009: C319) and C239 (2009: C169) were included in cost of goods sold and administrative expenses respectively. actual return on plan assets was C495 (2009: C419). principal actuarial assumptions were as follows:
2010 UK US 6.1% 3.0% 8.3% 4.5% 2.8% UK 5.5% 3.3% 8.7% 4.5% 3.1% 2009 US 5.6% 2.7% 8.7% 4.0% 2.7%
19p120A(m) The 19p120A(n) The
Discount rate Ination rate Expected return on plan assets Future salary increases Future pension increases
6.0% 3.6% 8.5% 5.0% 3.6%
Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and experience in each territory. Mortality assumptions for the most important countries are based on the following post-retirement mortality tables: (i) UK: PNMA 00 and PNFA 00 with medium cohort adjustment subject to a minimum annual improvement of 1% and scaling factors of 110% for current male pensioners, 125% for current female pensioners and 105% for future male and female pensioners; and (ii) US: RP2000 with a projection period of 10-15 years. These tables translate into an average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65:
2010 UK Retiring at the end of the reporting period: Male Female Retiring 20 years after the end of the reporting period: Male Female 22 25 US 20 24 UK 22 25 2009 US 20 24
24 27
23 26
24 27
23 26
The gain or loss on curtailment is in principle the resulting change in surplus (or decit) plus related unrecognised actuarial gains and losses and past service cost attributable to the reporting employer.
98

DV
The sensitivity of the overall pension liability to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is:
Change in assumption Discount rate Ination rate Salary growth rate Life expectancy Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase by 1 year Impact on overall liability Increase/decrease Increase/decrease Increase/decrease Increase by by by by 7.2% 5.1% 3.3% 5.2%
19p122(b)
(b) Post-employment medical benets The group operates a number of post-employment medical benet schemes, principally in the US. The method of accounting, assumptions and the frequency of valuations are similar to those used for dened benet pension schemes. The majority of these plans are unfunded.
19p120A(n) In addition to the assumptions set out above, the main actuarial assumption is a long-term
increase in health costs of 8.0% a year (2009: 7.6%).

19p120A (d)(f)
The amounts recognised in the balance sheet were determined as follows:

2010 Present value of funded obligations Fair value of plan assets Decit of the funded plans Present value of unfunded obligations Liability in the balance sheet 705 (620) 85 1,325 1,410 2009 340 (302) 38 663 701
19p120A(c) Movement
in the dened benet obligation is as follows:

2010 2009 708 107 25 204 (41) 1,003
At 1 January Current service cost Interest cost Employee contributions by plan participants1 Actuarial losses/(gains) Exchange dierences Benets paid2 Past service costs1 Liabilities acquired in a business combination (note 39) Curtailments1 Settlements1 At 31 December
1,003 153 49 (2) 25 802 2,030
1 IAS 19 requires the disclosure of employee contributions, benets paid and settlements as part of the reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of plan assets. There is no such movement on the plan assets relating to postemployment medical benets in these nancial statements, but the line items have been shown for illustrative purposes. 2 IAS 19 requires the disclosure of employee contributions, benets paid, past service costs, settlements and curtailments as part of the reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of the present value of the dened benet obligation. There is no such movement on the dened benet obligation relating to pension plans in these nancial statements, but the line item has been shown for illustrative purposes.
99

19p120A(e) The

2010 2009 207 25 (1) (2) 73 302
At 1 January Expected return on plan assets Actuarial gains/(losses) Exchange dierences Employer contributions Employee contributions3 Benets paid36 Assets acquired in a business combination (note 39) Settlements 36 At 31 December
19p120A(g) The
302 53 (2) 5 185 77 620
amounts recognised in the income statement were as follows:

2010 2009 107 25 (25) 107
Current service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Total, included in sta costs (note 30a)
19p120A(g) Of
153 49 (53) 149
the total charge, C102 (2009: C71) and C47 (2009: C36) respectively were included in cost of goods sold and administrative expenses. actual return on plan assets was C51 (2009: C24). eect of a 1% movement in the assumed medical cost trend rate is as follows:
Increase Decrease (20) (313)
19p120A(m) The 19p120A(o) The
Eect on the aggregate of the current service cost and interest cost Eect on the dened benet obligation
24 366
(c) Post-employment benets (pension and medical)

19p120A(j)
Plan assets are comprised as follows:

2010 Equity instruments Debt instruments Property Other 3,256 1,524 1,047 784 6,611 49% 23% 16% 12% 100% 1,224 571 943 361 3,099 2009 40% 18% 30% 12% 100%
DV
Investments are well diversied, such that the failure of any single investment would not have a material impact on the overall level of assets. The largest proportion of assets is invested in equities, although the group also invests in property, bonds, hedge funds and cash. The group believes that equities oer the best returns over the long term with an acceptable level of risk. The majority of equities are in a globally diversied portfolio of international blue chip entities, with a target of 60% of equities held in the UK and Europe, 30% in the US and the remainder in emerging markets.
100

19p120A(k) Pension
plan assets include the companys ordinary shares with a fair value of C136 (2009: C126) and a building occupied by the group with a fair value of C612 (2009: C609). The expected return on plan assets is determined by considering the expected returns available on the assets underlying the current investment policy. Expected yields on xed interest investments are based on gross redemption yields as at the end of the reporting period. Expected returns on equity and property investments reect long-term real rates of return experienced in the respective markets. Expected contributions to post-employment benet plans for the year ending 31 December 2011 are C1,150. The group has agreed that it will aim to eliminate the decit over the next nine years. Funding levels are monitored on an annual basis and the current agreed regular contribution rate is 14% of pensionable salaries in the UK and 12% in the US. The next triennial valuation is due to be completed as at 31 December 2011. The group considers that the contribution rates set at the last valuation date are sucient to eliminate the decit over the agreed period and that regular contributions, which are based on service costs, will not increase signicantly. An alternative method of valuation to the projected unit credit method is a buy-out valuation. This assumes that the entire post-employment benet obligation will be settled by transferring all obligations to a suitable insurer. The group estimates the amount required to settle the post-employment benet obligation at the end of the reporting period would be C15,500
2010 2009 5,495 3,099 2,396 125 (0) 2008 4,187 2,471 1,716 55 (197) 2007 3,937 2,222 1,715 18 (50) 2006 3,823 2,102 1,721 32 (16)
19p120A(l)
19p120(q)
DV
DV
19p120A(p)
At 31 December Present value of dened benet obligation Fair value of plan assets Decit in the plan Experience adjustments on plan liabilities Experience adjustments on plan assets
11,391 6,611 4,780 (25) (17)
101

25 Provisions for other liabilities and charges

1p78(d)
Contingent liability arising on Prot-sharing a business and bonuses combination
Environmental restoration
Restructuring
Legal claims
Total
37p84(a)
At 1 January 2010 Charged/(credited) to the income statement: 37p84(b) Additional provisions/ fair value adjustment on acquisition of ABC Group 37p84(d) Unused amounts reversed 37p84(e) Unwinding of discount 37p84(c) Used during year Exchange dierences IFRS5p38 Transferred to disposal group/classied as held for sale
37p84(a)
842
828
1,000
2,670
316 (15) 40 (233) (7)
1,986 (886)
2,405 (15) (3,059) (68)
500 (10) (990)
1,000
6,207
(40) 4 44 (5,168) (75)
(96) 847
1,100
91
500
1,004
(96) 3,542
At 31 December 2010 Analysis of total provisions:
2010
1p69 1p69
2009 274 2,396 2,670
Non-current (environmental restoration) Current
1,320 2,222 3,542
(a) Environmental restoration

37p85 (a)-(c)
The group uses various chemicals in working with leather. A provision is recognised for the present value of costs to be incurred for the restoration of the manufacturing sites. It is expected that C531 will be used during 2011 and C320 during 2012. Total expected costs to be incurred are C880 (2009: C760). The provision transferred to the disposal group classied as held for sale amounts to C96 and relates to an environmental restoration provision for Shoes Limited (part of the wholesale segment). See note 16 for further details regarding the disposal group held for sale. (b) Restructuring
DV
37p85(a)(c)
The reduction of the volumes assigned to manufacturing operations in Step-land (a subsidiary) will result in the reduction of a total of 155 jobs at two factories. An agreement was reached with the local union representatives, which species the number of sta involved and the voluntary redundancy compensation package oered by the group, as well as amounts payable to those made redundant, before the nancial year-end. The estimated sta restructuring costs to be incurred are C799 at 31 December 2010 (note 30). Other direct costs attributable to the restructuring, including lease termination, are C1,187. These costs were fully provided for in 2010. The provision of C1,100 at 31 December 2010 is expected to be fully utilised during the rst half of 2011.
102

36p130
A goodwill impairment charge of C4,650 was recognised in the cash-generating unit relating to Step-land as a result of this restructuring (note 7). (c) Legal claims
37p85(a)(c)
The amounts represent a provision for certain legal claims brought against the group by customers of the wholesale segment. The provision charge is recognised in prot or loss within administrative expenses. The balance at 31 December 2010 is expected to be utilised in the rst half of 2011. In the directors opinion, after taking appropriate legal advice, the outcome of these legal claims will not give rise to any signicant loss beyond the amounts provided at 31 December 2010. (d) Prot-sharing and bonuses
19p8(c),10 DV, 37p85(a)
The provision for prot-sharing and bonuses is payable within three month of nalisation of the audited nancial statements. (e) Contingent liability A contingent liability of C1,000 has been recognised on the acquisition of ABC Group for a pending lawsuit in which the entity is a defendant. The claim has arisen from a customer alleging defects on products supplied to them. It is expected that the courts will have reached a decision on this case by the end of 2012. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the group could be required to make if there was an adverse decision related to the lawsuit is estimated to be between C500 and C1,500. As of 31 December 2010, there has been no change in the amount recognised (except for the unwinding of the discount of C4) for the liability at 31 March 2010, as there has been no change in the probability of the outcome of the lawsuit. The selling shareholders of ABC Group have contractually agreed to indemnify IFRS GAAP plc for the claim that may become payable in respect of the above-mentioned lawsuit. This possible compensation will not be recognised until virtually certain and will be adjusted against goodwill once received from the vendor.
26 Other (losses)/gains net

2010
IFRS7 p20(a)(i)
2009
Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss (note 14): Fair value losses Fair value gains Foreign exchange forward contracts: Held for trading Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) (note 33) Ineectiveness on fair value hedges (note 11) Ineectiveness on cash ow hedges (note 11)
(508) 593
(238)
IFRS7 p20(a)(i) 21p52(a) IFRS7 p24(a) IFRS7 p24(b)
86 (277) (1) 17 (90)
88 200 (1) 14 63
103

27 Other income
2010 Gain on remeasuring existing interest in ABC Group on acquisition (note 39) 18p35(b)(v) Dividend income on available-for-sale nancial assets 18p35(b)(v) Dividend income on nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss Investment income Insurance reimbursement 850 1,100 800 2,750 2,750 2009 883 310 1,193 66 1,259
The insurance reimbursement relates to the excess of insurance proceeds over the carrying values of goods damaged.
28 Loss on expropriated land

During 2010, undeveloped land owned by the group in the UK was expropriated following works for the enlargement of a motorway adjacent to the groups manufacturing facilities. Losses relating to the expropriation are C1,117 as of 31 December 2010 (2009: nil).
29 Expenses by nature
2010
1p104 1p104 1p104 1p104 1p104 1p104 1p104 1p104
2009 (2,300) 31,845 15,492 10,227 6,236 6,662 8,500 1,659 78,321
Changes in inventories of nished goods and work in progress Raw materials and consumables used Employee benet expense (note 30a) Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges (notes 6 and 7) Transportation expenses Advertising costs Operating lease payments (note 6) Other expenses Total cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses
6,950 53,302 40,082 23,204 8,584 12,759 10,604 2,799 158,284
30 Employee benet expense

2010
19p142
2009
Wages and salaries, including restructuring costs C799 (2009: nil) (note 25) and other termination benets C1,600 (2009: nil) Social security costs
28,363 9,369 690 756 755 149 40,082
10,041 3,802 822 232 488 107 15,492
IFRS2 p51(a) Share options granted to directors and employees notes 18/19) 19p46 Pension costs dened contribution plans 19p120A(g) Pension costs dened benet plans (note 24) 19p120A(g) Other post-employment benets (note 24)
104

31 Finance income and costs

2010
IFRS7 p20(b)
2009
37p84(e) 21p52(a) IFRS7 p23(d) IFRS7 p24(a)(i) IFRS7 p24(a)(ii)
Interest expense: Bank borrowings Dividend on redeemable preference shares (note 22) Convertible bond (note 22) Finance lease liabilities Provisions: unwinding of discount (note 25) Net foreign exchange gains on nancing activities (note 33) Fair value gains on nancial instruments: Interest rate swaps: cash ow hedges, transfer from equity Interest rate swaps: fair value hedges Fair value adjustment of bank borrowings attributable to interest rate risk Finance costs Less: amounts capitalised on qualifying assets Total nance cost Finance income: Interest income on short-term bank deposits
(5,317) (1,950) (3,083) (550) (44) 2,594
(10,646) (1,950) (648) (37) 996
102 16 (16) (8,248) 75 (8,173) 550 963 217 1,730 (6,443)
88 31 (31) (12,197) 489 984 136 1,609 (10,588)
IFRS7 p20(b) IFRS7 p20(b)
Interest income on available-for-sale nancial assets Interest income on loans to related parties (note 40) Finance income Net nance costs
32 Income tax expense

2010
12p80(a) 12p80(b)
2009 6,035 6,035 2,635 2,635 8,670
Current tax: Current tax on prots for the year Adjustments in respect of prior years Total current tax
14,082 150 14,232 476 (97) 379 14,611
12p80(c) 12p80(d)
Deferred tax (note 23): Origination and reversal of temporary dierences Impact of change in the Euravian tax rate1 Total deferred tax Income tax expense
The impact of change in Euravian tax rate is shown for illustrative purposes.
105

12p81(c)
The tax on the groups prot before tax diers from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to prots of the consolidated entities as follows:
2010 Prot before tax Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to prots in the respective countries Tax eects of: Associates results reported net of tax Income not subject to tax Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses Tax losses for which no deferred income tax asset was recognised Re-measurement of deferred tax change in the Euravian tax rate Adjustment in respect of prior years Tax charge 47,676 15,453 57 (1,072) 1,540 (1,450) 30 (97) 150 14,611 2009 24,918 7,475 (44) (212) 1,104 347 8,670
12p81(d)
The weighted average applicable tax rate was 33% (2009: 30%). The increase is caused by a change in the protability of the groups subsidiaries in the respective countries partially oset by the impact of the reduction in the Euravian tax rate (see below). During the year, as a result of the change in the Euravian corporation tax rate from 30% to 28% that was substantively enacted on 26 June 2010 and that will be eective from 1 April 2011, the relevant deferred tax balances have been re-measured. Deferred tax expected to reverse in the year to 31 December 2011 has been measured using the eective rate that will apply in Euravia for the period (28.5%).1 Further reductions to the Euravian tax rate have been announced. The changes, which are expected to be enacted separately each year, propose to reduce the rate by 1% per annum to 24% by 1 April 2014. The changes had not been substantively enacted at the balance sheet date and, therefore, are not recognised in these nancial statements.2
12p81(d)
1p125 10p21
If the eect of the proposed changes is material, disclosure should be given of the eect of the changes, either as disclosure of events after the reporting period or as future material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities.This disclosure does not need to be totalled or reconciled to the income statement. 2 Disclosure in respect of the impact of change in Euravian tax rate is shown for illustrative purposes.
106

12p81(ab)
The tax (charge)/credit relating to components of other comprehensive income is as follows:

2010 Before tax Tax (charge) credit (198) After tax 362 Before tax 1,133 123 2009 Tax (charge) credit (374) (61) After tax 759 62
Fair value gains: -- Land and buildings -- Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p90 Share of other comprehensive income of associates 1p90 Actuarial loss on retirement benet obligations 1p90 Impact of change in the Euravian tax rate on deferred tax1 1p90 Cash ow hedges 1p90 Net investment hedge 1p90 Currency translation dierences IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group (note 39)
1p90 1p90
560
(12)
(12)
(14) (705)
211
(14) (494)
97 (45) 2,244
(10) (33)
(10) 64 (45) 2,244
(3) 40 (156)
(3) 40 (156)
850 3,694
(241) (241) (241)
850 3,453
418
(224) (224) (224)
194
Other comprehensive income Current tax2 Deferred tax (note 23)
12p81(a)
The income tax (charged)/credited directly to equity during the year is as follows:
2010 Current tax Share option scheme Deferred tax Share option scheme Convertible bond equity component4 (note 20)
3
2009 20 20
30 (2,328) (2,298)
In addition, deferred income tax of C49 (2009: C43) was transferred from other reserves (note 20) to retained earnings (note 19). This represents deferred tax on the dierence between the actual depreciation on buildings and the equivalent depreciation based on the historical cost of buildings.
1 The impact of change in Euravian tax rate is shown for illustrative purposes. UK companies with 31 December 2010 year ends will need to consider the impact of the reduction in tax rates from 28% to 27% in the Finance (No. 2) Act 2010. 2 There are no current tax items relating to other comprehensive income in these nancial statements, but the line item is shown for illustrative purposes. 3 IAS 12 requires disclosure of current tax charged/credited directly to equity, in addition to deferred tax. There are no current tax items shown directly in equity in these nancial statements, but the line item is shown for illustrative purposes. 4 It is assumed that the tax base on the convertible bond is not split between the debt and equity elements. If the tax base were split, this would impact the deferred tax position
107

33 Net foreign exchange gains/(losses)

21p52(a)
The exchange dierences (charged)/credited to the income statement are included as follows:
2010 Other (losses)/gains net (note 26) Net nance costs (note 31) (277) 2,594 2,317 2009 200 996 1,196
34 Earnings per share

(a) Basic Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the prot attributable to equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year excluding ordinary shares purchased by the company and held as treasury shares (note 17).
2010
33p70(a)
2009 15,512 120 15,632 20,500
Prot attributable to equity holders of the company Prot from discontinued operation attributable to equity holders of the company
30,617 100 30,717
33p70(b)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue (thousands)
23,454
(b) Diluted Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The company has two categories of dilutive potential ordinary shares: convertible debt and share options. The convertible debt is assumed to have been converted into ordinary shares, and the net prot is adjusted to eliminate the interest expense less the tax eect. For the share options, a calculation is done to determine the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average annual market share price of the companys shares) based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to outstanding share options. The number of shares calculated as above is compared with the number of shares that would have been issued assuming the exercise of the share options.
108

2010 Earnings Prot attributable to equity holders of the company Interest expense on convertible debt (net of tax)
33p70(a)
2009 15,512 15,512 120 15,632 20,500 1,329 21,829
30,617 2,158 32,775 100 32,825
Prot used to determine diluted earnings per share Prot from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the company
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue (thousands) Adjustments for: Assumed conversion of convertible debt (thousands) Share options (thousands)
33p70(b)
23,454 3,030 1,213 27,697
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for diluted earnings per share (thousands)
35 Dividends per share

1p107 1p137(a) 10p12
The dividends paid in 2010 and 2009 were C10,102 (C0.48 per share) and C15,736 (C0.78 per share) respectively. A dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2010 of C0.51 per share, amounting to a total dividend of C12,945, is to be proposed at the annual general meeting on 30 April 2010. These nancial statements do not reect this dividend payable.
36 Cash generated from operations

2010
7p18(b), 20 Prot before income tax including discontinued operations
2009 25,118 9,662 565 8 1,470 (88) 238 (883) (310) 10,588 (145) (200)
47,916 17,754 800 4,650 (17) 509 (86) (85) (1,100) (800) 6,443 174 (277) (850)
Adjustments for: Depreciation (note 6) Amortisation (note 7) Goodwill impairment charge (note 7) (Prot)/loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (see below) Share-based payment and increase in retirement benet obligations Fair value gains on derivative nancial instruments (note 26) Fair value (gains)/losses on nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss (note 26) Dividend income on available-for-sale nancial assets (note 27) Dividend income on nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss (note 27) Finance costs net (note 31) Share of loss/(prot) from associates (note 8) Foreign exchange losses/(gains) on operating activities (note 33) Gains on revaluation of existing investments (Note 39) Changes in working capital (excluding the eects of acquisition and exchange dierences on consolidation): Inventories Trade and other receivables Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Trade and other payables Cash generated from operations
(6,077) (1,339) (3,747) (7,634) 56,234
(966) (2,966) (858) 543 41,776
109

In the statement of cash ows, proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment comprise:
2010 Net book amount (note 6) Prot/(loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 6,337 17 6,354 2009 2,987 (8) 2,979
Non-cash transactions
7p43
The principal non-cash transaction is the issue of shares as consideration for the acquisition discussed in note 39.
37 Contingencies
37p86
The group has contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims arising in the ordinary course of business. It is not anticipated that any material liabilities will arise from the contingent liabilities other than those provided for (note 25). In respect of the acquisition of ABC Group on 1 March 2010 (note 39), additional consideration of 5% of the prot of ABC Group may be payable in cash if the acquired operations achieve sales in excess of C7,500 for 2010, up to a maximum undiscounted amount of C2,500. For details of the amount provided at acquisition and subsequent movements, see note 39.
38 Commitments
(a) Capital commitments Capital expenditure contracted for at the end of the reporting period but not yet incurred is as follows:
2010
16p74(c) Property, plant and equipment 38p122(e) Intangible assets
2009 3,667 474 4,141
3,593 460 4,053
Total
(b) Operating lease commitments group company as lessee

17p35(d)
The group leases various retail outlets, oces and warehouses under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The lease terms are between ve and 10 years, and the majority of lease agreements are renewable at the end of the lease period at market rate. The group also leases various plant and machinery under cancellable operating lease agreements. The group is required to give a six-month notice for the termination of these agreements. The lease expenditure charged to the income statement during the year is disclosed in note 29.
17p35(d)
110

17p35(a)
The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
2010 No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years Total 11,664 45,651 15,710 73,025 2009 10,604 45,651 27,374 83,629
39 Business combinations
IFRS3R B64(a-d)
On 30 June 2009, the group acquired 15% of the share capital of ABC Group for C1,126. On 1 March 2010, the group acquired a further 55% of the share capital and obtained the control of ABC Group, a shoe and leather goods retailer operating in the US and most western European countries. As a result of the acquisition, the group is expected to increase its presence in these markets. It also expects to reduce costs through economies of scale. The goodwill of C7,360 arising from the acquisition is attributable to acquired customer base and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the group and ABC Group. None of the goodwill recognised is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The following table summarises the consideration paid for ABC Group and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed recognised at the acquisition date, as well as the fair value at the acquisition date of the non-controlling interest in ABC Group.
IFRS3R B64(e)
IFRS3R B64(k)
111

Consideration at 1 March 2010

IFRS3 B64(f)(i), B64(f)(iv) IFRS3 B64(f)(iii) IFRS3 B64(g)(i) IFRS3 B64(f) IFRS3 B64(p)(i)
Cash Equity instruments (3,550 ordinary shares) Contingent consideration Total consideration transferred Indemnication asset Fair value of equity interest in ABC Group held before the business combination Total consideration
4,050 10,000 1,000 15,050 (1,000) 2,000 16,050 200
IFRS3 B64(m) IFRS3 B64(i)
Acquisition-related costs (included in administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2010) Recognised amounts of identiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents Property, plant and equipment (note 6) Trademarks (included in intangibles) (note 7) Licences (included in intangibles) (note 7) Contractual customer relationship (included in intangibles) (note 7) Investment in associates (note 8) Available-for-sale nancial assets (note 10) Inventories Trade and other receivables Trade and other payables Retirement benet obligations: Pensions (note 24) Other post-retirement obligations (note 24) Borrowings Contingent liability Deferred tax liabilities (note 23) Total identiable net assets
300 67,784 2,000 1,000 1,000 389 473 1,122 585 (12,461) (1,914) (725) (41,459) (1,000) (1,953) 15,141 (6,451) 7,360 16,050
IFRS3 B64(o)(i)
Non-controlling interest Goodwill
IFRS3 B64(f)(iv) IFRS3 B64(m) IFRS3 B64(f)(iii) IFRS3 B64(g) IFRS3 B67(b)
The fair value of the 3,550 ordinary shares issued as part of the consideration paid for ABC Group (C10,050) was based on the published share price on 1 March 2010. Issuance costs totalling C50 have been netted against the deemed proceeds. The contingent consideration arrangement requires the group to pay the former owners of ABC Group 5% of the prot of ABC Group, in excess of C7,500 for 2010, up to a maximum undiscounted amount of C2,500.
The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the group could be required to make under this arrangement is between C0 and C2,500. The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement of C1,000 was estimated by applying the income approach. The fair value estimates are based on a discount
112

rate of 8% and assumed probability-adjusted prot in ABC Group of C20,000 to C40,000. As of 31 December 2010, there was an increase of C500 recognised in the income statement for the contingent consideration arrangement, as the assumed probabilityadjusted prot in ABC Group was recalculated to be approximately C30,000-50,000.
IFRS3 B64(h)
The fair value of trade and other receivables is C585 and includes trade receivables with a fair value of C510. The gross contractual amount for trade receivables due is C960, of which C450 is expected to be uncollectible. The fair value of the acquired identiable intangible assets of C4,000 (including trademarks and licences) is provisional pending receipt of the nal valuations for those assets. A contingent liability of C1,000 has been recognised for a pending lawsuit in which ABC Group is a defendant. The claim has arisen from a customer alleging defects on products supplied to them. It is expected that the courts will have reached a decision on this case by the end of 2012. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the group could be required to make if there was an adverse decision related to the lawsuit is estimated to be between C500 and C1,500. As of 31 December 2010, there has been no change in the amount recognised (except for unwinding of the discount C4) for the liability at 31 March 2010, as there has been no change in the range of outcomes or assumptions used to develop the estimates. The selling shareholders of ABC Group have contractually agreed to indemnify IFRS GAAP plc for the claim that may become payable in respect of the above-mentioned lawsuit. An indemnication asset of C1,000, equivalent to the fair value of the indemnied liability, has been recognised by the group. The indemnication asset is deducted from consideration transferred for the business combination. As is the case with the indemnied liability, there has been no change in the amount recognised for the indemnication asset as at 31 December 2010, as there has been no change in the range of outcomes or assumptions used to develop the estimate of the liability. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in ABC Group, an unlisted company, was estimated by applying a market approach and an income approach. The fair value estimates are based on: (a) an assumed discount rate of 11%; (b) an assumed terminal value based on a range of terminal EBITDA multiples between three and ve times; (c) long-term sustainable growth rate of 2%; (d) assumed nancial multiples of companies deemed to be similar to ABC group; and (e) assumed adjustments because of the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider when estimating the fair value of the noncontrolling interest in ABC Group.
IFRS3 B67(a)
IFRS3 B64(j) B67(c), 37p84, 85
IFRS3 B64(g), p57
IFRS3 B64(o)
113

IFRS3 B64(p)(ii)
The group recognised a gain of C850 as a result of measuring at fair value its 15% equity interest in ABC Group held before the business combination. The gain is included in other income in the groups statement of comprehensive income for the year ending 31 December 2010. The revenue included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income since 1 March 2010 contributed by ABC Group was C44,709. ABC Group also contributed prot of C12,762 over the same period. Had ABC Group been consolidated from 1 January 2010, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income would show revenue of C220,345 and prot of C33,126.
IFRS3 B64(q)(i)
IFRS3 B64(q)(ii)
40 Related-party transactions
1p138(c) 24p12
The group is controlled by M Limited (incorporated in the UK), which owns 57% of the companys shares. The remaining 43% of the shares are widely held. The groups ultimate parent is G Limited (incorporated in the UK). The groups ultimate controlling party is Mr Power. The following transactions were carried out with related parties: (a) Sales of goods and services
2010 Sales of goods: Associates Sales of services: Ultimate parent (legal and administration services) Close family members of the ultimate controlling party (design services) Total 1,123 67 100 1,290 2009 291 127 104 522
24p17, 18, 22 24p17(a)
Goods are sold based on the price lists in force and terms that would be available to third parties1. Sales of services are negotiated with related parties on a cost-plus basis, allowing a margin ranging from 15% to 30% (2009: 10% to 18%).
24p17(a)
(b) Purchases of goods and services

2010 Purchases of goods: Associates Purchases of services: Entity controlled by key management personnel Immediate parent (management services) Total 3,054 83 295 3,432 2009 3,058 70 268 3,396
Management should disclose that related-party transactions were made on an arms length basis only when such terms can be substantiated (IAS24p21).
114

24p21
Goods and services are bought from associates and an entity controlled by key management personnel on normal commercial terms and conditions. The entity controlled by key management personnel is a rm belonging to Mr Chamois, a non-executive director of the company. Management services are bought from the immediate parent on a cost-plus basis, allowing a margin ranging from 15% to 30% (2009: 10% to 24%). (c) Key management compensation Key management includes directors (executive and non-executive), members of the Executive Committee, the Company Secretary and the Head of Internal Audit. The compensation paid or payable to key management for employee services is shown below:
2010 2009 1,890 85 22 107 2,104
24p16
24p16(a) 24p16(d) 24p16(b) 24p16(c) 24p16(e)
Salaries and other short-term employee benets Termination benets Post-employment benets Other long-term benets Share-based payments Total
2,200 1,600 123 26 150 4,099
24p17(b), 1p77
(d) Year-end balances arising from sales/purchases of goods/services

2010 Receivables from related parties (note 12): Ultimate parent Close family members of key management personnel Payables to related parties (note 21): Immediate parent Associates Entity controlled by key management personnel 50 4 200 1,902 100 2009 40 6 190 1, 005
The receivables from related parties arise mainly from sale transactions and are due two months after the date of sales. The receivables are unsecured in nature and bear no interest. No provisions are held against receivables from related parties (2009: nil). The payables to related parties arise mainly from purchase transactions and are due two months after the date of purchase. The payables bear no interest.
115

24p17, 1p77
(e) Loans to related parties

2010 Loans to key management of the company (and their families) : At 1 January Loans advanced during year Loan repayments received Interest charged Interest received At 31 December Loans to associates: At 1 January Loans advanced during year Loan repayments received Interest charged Interest received At 31 December Total loans to related parties: At 1 January Loans advanced during year Loan repayments received Interest charged Interest received (note 31) At 31 December (note 12)
1
2009 168 62 (34) 16 (16) 196 1,206 50 (64) 120 (120) 1,192 1,374 112 (98) 136 (136) 1,388
196 343 (49) 30 (30) 490 1,192 1,000 (14) 187 (187) 2,178 1,388 1,343 (63) 217 (217) 2,668
24p17(b)(i)
The loans advanced to key management have the following terms and conditions:
Name of key management 2010 Mr Brown Mr White 2009 Mr Black Mr White Amount of loan 173 170 Term Repayable monthly over 2 years Repayable monthly over 2 years Interest rate 6.3% 6.3%
20 42
Repayable monthly over 2 years Repayable monthly over 1 year
6.5% 6.5%
IFRS7p15
Certain loans advanced to associates during the year amounting to C1,500 (2009: C500) are collateralised by shares in listed companies. The fair value of these shares was C65 at the end of the reporting period (2009: C590). The loans to associates are due on 1 January 2011 and carry interest at 7.0% (2009:8%). The fair values and the eective interest rates of loans to associates are disclosed in note 12.
24p17(c)
No provision was required in 2010 (2009: nil) for the loans made to key management personnel and associates.
None of the loans made to members of key management has been made to directors.
116

41 Events after the reporting period

(a) Business combinations
10p21 IFRS3 B64(a)-(d)
The group acquired 100% of the share capital of K&Co, a group of companies specialising in the manufacture of shoes for extreme sports, for a cash consideration of C5, 950 on 1 February 2011. Details of net assets acquired and goodwill are as follows:
2010
IFRS3 B64 (f),(i)
Purchase consideration: Cash paid Direct cost relating to the acquisition charged in P&L Total purchase consideration Fair value of assets acquired (see below) Goodwill
5,950 150 5,950 (5,145) 805
IFRS3 B64(m)
7p40(a)
IFRS3 B64(e) IFRS3 B64(i)
The above goodwill is attributable to K&Cos strong position and protability in trading in the niche market for extreme-sports equipment. The assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition, provisionally determined, are as follows:
Fair value Cash and cash equivalents Property, plant and equipment Trademarks Licences Customer relationships Favourable lease agreements Inventories Trade and other receivables Trade and other payables Retirement benet obligations Borrowings Deferred tax assets Net assets acquired 195 29,056 1,000 700 1,850 800 995 855 (9,646) (1,425) (19,259) 24 5,145
(b) Associates
10p21
The group acquired 40% of the share capital of L&Co, a group of companies specialising in the manufacture of leisure shoes, for a cash consideration of C2, 050 on 25 January 2011.
117

Details of net assets acquired and goodwill are as follows:

2010 Purchase consideration: Cash paid Direct cost relating to the acquisition Total purchase consideration Share of fair value of net assets acquired (see below) Goodwill
DV
2,050 70 2,120 (2,000) 120
The goodwill is attributable to L&Cos strong position and protability in trading in the market of leisure shoes and to its workforce, which cannot be separately recognised as an intangible asset. The assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition, provisionally determined, are as follows:
Fair value Contractual customer relationships Property, plant and equipment Inventory Cash Trade creditors Borrowings Net assets acquired 380 3,200 500 220 (420) (1,880) 2,000
DV
(c) Equity transactions

10p21 33p71(e) 10p21, 22(f)
On 1 January 2011, 1,200 thousand share options were granted to directors and employees with an exercise price set at the market share prices less 15% on that date of C3.13 per share (share price: C3.68) (expiry date: 31 December 2015). The company re-issued 500,000 treasury shares for a total consideration of C1,500 on 15 January 2011. (d) Borrowings
10p21
On 1 February 2011, the group issued C6,777 6.5% US dollar bonds to nance its expansion programme and working capital requirements in the US. The bonds are repayable on 31 December 2015.
118

Independent auditors report to the shareholders of IFRS GAAP plc

Report on the consolidated nancial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated nancial statements of IFRS GAAP plc, which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as of 31 December 2010 and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash ows for the year then ended, and a summary of signicant accounting policies and other explanatory notes. Managements responsibility for the consolidated nancial statements Management is responsible for the preparation of consolidated nancial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)1, and for such internal control as management determines necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated nancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditors responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated nancial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the consolidated nancial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated nancial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated nancial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entitys preparation of consolidated nancial statements that give a true and fair view2 in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the eectiveness of the entitys internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated nancial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sucient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated nancial statements give a true and fair view3 of the nancial position of IFRS GAAP plc and its subsidiaries as of 31 December 2010, and of their nancial performance and cash ows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
1 This can be changed to say, Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these nancial statements in accordance... where the term true and fair view is not used. 2 This can be changed to say ...relevant to the entitys preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated nancial statements in order... where the term true and fair view is not used. 3 The term give a true and fair view can be changed to present fairly, in all material aspects.
119

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements [Form and content of this section of the auditors report will vary depending on the nature of the auditors other reporting responsibilities, if any.] Auditors signature Date of the auditors report Auditors address
[The format of the audit report will need to be tailored to reect the legal framework of particular countries. In certain countries, the audit report covers both the current year and the comparative year.]
120
Appendix I Operating and nancial review

Appendices
Appendix I Operating and nancial review Contents
International Organization of Securities Commissions In 1998, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) issued International disclosure standards for cross-border oerings and initial listings by foreign issuers, comprising recommended disclosure standards, including an operating and nancial review and discussion of future prospects. IOSCO standards for prospectuses are not mandatory, but they are increasingly incorporated in national stock exchange requirements for prospectuses and annual reports. The text of IOSCOs standard on operating and nancial reviews and prospects is reproduced below. Although the standard refers to a company throughout, we consider that, where a company has subsidiaries, it should be applied to the group. Standard Discuss the companys nancial condition, changes in nancial condition and results of operations for each year and interim period for which nancial statements are required, including the causes of material changes from year to year in nancial statement line items, to the extent necessary for an understanding of the companys business as a whole. Information provided also shall relate to all separate segments of the group. Provide the information specied below as well as such other information that is necessary for an investors understanding of the companys nancial condition, changes in nancial condition and results of operations. A Operating results. Provide information regarding signicant factors, including unusual or infrequent events or new developments, materially aecting the companys income from operations, indicating the extent to which income was so aected. Describe any other signicant component of revenue or expenses necessary to understand the companys results of operations. (1) To the extent that the nancial statements disclose material changes in net sales or revenues, provide a narrative discussion of the extent to which such changes are attributable to changes in prices or to changes in the volume or amount of products or services being sold or to the introduction of new products or services. (2) Describe the impact of ination, if material. If the currency in which nancial statements are presented is of a country that has experienced hyperination, the existence of such ination, a ve-year history of the annual rate of ination and a discussion of the impact of hyperination on the companys business shall be disclosed. (3) Provide information regarding the impact of foreign currency uctuations on the company, if material, and the extent to which foreign currency net investments are hedged by currency borrowings and other hedging instruments. (4) Provide information regarding any governmental economic, scal, monetary or political policies or factors that have materially aected, or could materially aect, directly or indirectly, the companys operations or investments by host country shareholders.
121

B Liquidity and capital resources. The following information shall be provided: (1) Information regarding the companys liquidity (both short and long term), including: (a) a description of the internal and external sources of liquidity and a brief discussion of any material unused sources of liquidity. Include a statement by the company that, in its opinion, the working capital is sucient for the companys present requirements, or, if not, how it proposes to provide the additional working capital needed. (b) an evaluation of the sources and amounts of the companys cash ows, including the nature and extent of any legal or economic restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer funds to the parent in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances and the impact such restrictions have had or are expected to have on the ability of the company to meet its cash obligations. (c) information on the level of borrowings at the end of the period under review, the seasonality of borrowing requirements and the maturity prole of borrowings and committed borrowing facilities, with a description of any restrictions on their use. (2) Information regarding the type of nancial instruments used, the maturity prole of debt, currency and interest rate structure. The discussion also should include funding and treasury policies and objectives in terms of the manner in which treasury activities are controlled, the currencies in which cash and cash equivalents are held, the extent to which borrowings are at xed rates, and the use of nancial instruments for hedging purposes. (3) Information regarding the companys material commitments for capital expenditures as of the end of the latest nancial year and any subsequent interim period and an indication of the general purpose of such commitments and the anticipated sources of funds needed to full such commitments. C Research and development, patents and licenses, etc. Provide a description of the companys research and development policies for the last three years, where it is signicant, including the amount spent during each of the last three nancial years on group-sponsored research and development activities. D Trend information. The group should identify the most signicant recent trends in production, sales and inventory, the state of the order book and costs and selling prices since the latest nancial year. The group also should discuss, for at least the current nancial year, any known trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material eect on the groups net sales or revenues, income from continuing operations, protability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported nancial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or nancial condition.
122

IASBs exposure draft on management commentary The IASB published an exposure draft on management commentary (MC) in June 2009. The exposure draft sets out a non-binding framework for preparing and presenting management commentary. MC provides an opportunity for management to outline how an entitys nancial position, nancial performance and cash ows relate to managements objectives and its strategies for achieving those objectives. The exposure draft was open for comment until 1 March 2010. Many of the principles and proposed disclosures in the draft standard are consistent with those of the ASBs reporting statement on the OFR. For example, the principles for the preparation of MC are to:
& & &
provide managements view of the entitys performance, position and development; supplement and complement information presented in the nancial statements; and have an orientation to the future.
The proposed standard states that a decision-useful MC includes information that is essential to an understanding of:
& & & & &
The nature of the business. Managements objectives and strategies for meeting those objectives. The entitys most signicant resources, risks and relationships. Results of operations and prospects. Critical performance measures and indicators that management uses to evaluate the entitys performance against stated objectives.
The exposure draft acknowledges that management commentary is already an important part of communication with the market. The proposals present a broad framework for MC reporting, and management will need to decide how best to apply this reporting framework to the particular circumstances of the business.
123
Appendix II Alternative presentation of primary statements


IAS 19 Employee benets
Included below is the illustrative disclosure for post-employment benets using the option in IAS 19 to recognise actuarial gains and losses using the corridor approach. Note Accounting policies Employee benets
1p119
(a) Pension obligations
19p27 Group companies operate various pension schemes. The schemes are generally funded 19p25 through payments to insurance companies or trustee-administered funds, determined by 19p7 19p120A(b) periodic actuarial calculations. The group has both dened benet and dened
contribution plans. A dened contribution plan is a pension plan under which the group pays xed contributions into a separate entity. The group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sucient assets to pay all employees the benets relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. A dened benet plan is a pension plan that is not a dened contribution plan. Typically, dened benet plans dene an amount of pension benet that an employee will receive on retirement, usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service and compensation.
19p79 19p80 19p64
The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of dened benet pension plans is the present value of the dened benet obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The dened benet obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the dened benet obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benets will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability. In countries where there is no deep market in such bonds, the market rates on government bonds are used.
19p92 Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial 19p93 assumptions in excess of the greater of 10% of the fair value of plan assets or 10% of the 19p120A(a)
present value of the dened benet obligation are charged or credited to income over the employees expected average remaining working lives.
19p96
Past-service costs are recognised immediately in income, unless the changes to the pension plan are conditional on the employees remaining in service for a specied period of time (the vesting period). In this case, the past-service costs are amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. For dened contribution plans, the group pays contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benet expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
19p44
124

1p119
(b) Other post-employment obligations to their retirees. The remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benets are accrued over the period of employment using the same accounting methodology as used for dened benet pension plans. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments, and changes in actuarial assumptions in excess of the greater of 10% of the fair value of plan assets or 10% of the present value of the dened benet obligation, are charged or credited to income over the expected average remaining working lives of the related employees. These obligations are valued annually by independent qualied actuaries. (c) Termination benets Termination benets are payable when employment is terminated by the group before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benets. The group recognises termination benets when it is demonstrably committed to a termination when the entity has a detailed formal plan to terminate the employment of current employees without possibility of withdrawal. In the case of an oer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benets are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the oer. Benets falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to their present value. The group recognises termination benets when it is demonstrably committed to either: terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without possibility of withdrawal; or providing termination benets as a result of an oer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. Benets falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.
19p120A(a) Some group companies provide post-retirement healthcare benets 19p120A(b) entitlement to these benets is usually conditional on the employee
1p119 19p133 19p134 19p139
1p119 19p17
(d) Prot-sharing and bonus plans The group recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses and prot-sharing, based on a formula that takes into consideration the prot attributable to the companys shareholders after certain adjustments. The group recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.
125

Note Retirement benet obligation 2010 Balance sheet obligations for: Pension benets Post-employment medical benets 3,138 1,402 4,540 Income statement charge for Pension benets Post-employment medical benets 762 150 912 496 107 603 2009 1,438 692 2,130
(a) Pension benets The group operates dened benet pension plans in the UK and the US based on employee pensionable remuneration and length of service. The majority of plans are externally funded. Plan assets are held in trusts, foundations or similar entities, governed by local regulations and practice in each country, as is the nature of the relationship between the group and the trustees (or equivalent) and their composition.
19p120A (d)(f)
The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are determined as follows:

2010 Present value of funded obligations Fair value of plan assets Decit of funded plans Present value of unfunded obligations Unrecognised actuarial losses Unrecognised past service cost Liability in the balance sheet 6,155 (5,991) 164 3,206 (87) (145) 3,138 2009 2,943 (2,797) 146 1,549 (94) (163) 1,438
19p120A(c) The
movement in the dened benet obligation over the year is as follows:

2010 2009 3,479 498 214 30 495 (103) (121) 4,492
At 1 January Current service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Actuarial losses/(gains) Exchange dierences Benets paid Liabilities acquired in a business combination (note 39) Curtailments At 31 December
4,492 751 431 55 (15) (43) (66) 3,691 65 9,361
126

19p120A(e) The

2010 2009 2,264 240 (5) (22) 411 30 (121) 2,797
At 1 January Expected return on plan assets Actuarial gains/(losses) Exchange dierences Employer contributions Employee contributions Benets paid Assets acquired in a business combination (note 39) At 31 December
19p120A(g) The
2,797 510 (15) 25 908 55 (66) 1,777 5,991
amounts recognised in the income statement are as follows:

2010 2009 498 214 (240) 8 16 496
Current service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Net actuarial losses recognised during the year Past service cost Losses on curtailment Total, included in sta costs
19p120A(g) Of
751 431 (510) 7 18 65 762
the total charge, C521 (2009: C324) and C241 (2009: C172) were included in cost of goods sold and administrative expenses respectively. actual return on plan assets was C495 (2009: C235). principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:
2010 2009 US 6.1% 3.0% 8.3% 4.5% 2.8% UK 5.5% 3.3% 8.7% 4.5% 3.1% US 5.6% 2.7% 8.7% 4.0% 2.7%
19p120A(m)The 19p120A(n) The
19p120A(n)
UK Discount rate Ination rate Expected return on plan assets Future salary increases Future pension increases 6.0% 3.6% 8.5% 5.0% 3.6%
19p120A (n)(vi)
Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on actuarial advice, published statistics and experience in each territory. Mortality assumptions for the most important countries are based on the following post-retirement mortality tables: (i) UK: PNMA 00 and PNFA 00 with medium cohort adjustment subject to a minimum annual improvement of 1% and scaling factors of 110% for current male pensioners, 125% for current female pensioners and 105% for future male and female pensioners; and (ii) US: RP2000 with a projection period of 10-15 years.
127

These tables translate into an average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65 of:
2010
19p120A(n)
2009 US 20 24 UK 22 25 US 20 24
UK Retiring at the end of the reporting period: Male Female Retiring 20 years after the end of the reporting period: Male Female 22 25
25 28
23 26
24 27
23 26
DV
The sensitivity of the overall pension liability to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is:
Change in assumption Discount rate Ination rate Salary growth rate Life expectancy Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase/decrease by 0.5% Increase by 1 year Impact on overall liability Increase/decrease Increase/decrease Increase/decrease Increase by by by by 7.2% 5.1% 3.3% 5.2%
19p122(b)
(b) Post-employment medical benets The group operates a number of post-employment medical benet schemes, principally in the US. The method of accounting, assumptions and the frequency of valuations are similar to those used for dened benet pension schemes. The majority of these plans are unfunded.
19p120A(n) In addition to the assumptions set out
above, the main actuarial assumption is a long-term increase in health costs of 8.0% a year (2009: 7.6%). amounts recognised in the balance sheet were determined as follows:
2010 2009 340 (302) 38 663 (9) 692
19p120A(d) The 19p120A(f)
Present value of funded obligations Fair value of plan assets Decit of funded plans Present value of unfunded obligations Unrecognised actuarial losses Liability in the balance sheet
705 (620) 85 1,325 (8) 1,402
128

19p120A(c) The
movement in the dened benet obligation is as follows:

2010 2009 708 107 25 204 (41) 1,003 1,003 153 49 (2) 25 802 2,030
At 1 January Current service cost Interest cost Actuarial losses/(gains) Exchange dierences Liabilities acquired in a business combination (note 39) At 31 December
19p120A(e) The

2010 2009 207 25 (1) (2) 73 302
At 1 January Expected return on plan assets Actuarial gains/(losses) Exchange dierences Employer contributions Assets acquired in a business combination (note 30) At 31 December
19p120A(g) The
302 53 (2) 5 185 77 620
amounts recognised in the income statement were as follows:

153 49 (53) 1 150 107 25 (25) 107
Current service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Net actuarial losses recognised in year Total, included in employee benets expense
19p120A(g) Of
the total charge, C102 (2009:C71) and C48 (2009:C36) respectively were included in cost of goods sold and administrative expenses. The actual return on plan assets was C51 (2009: C24) eect of a 1% movement in the assumed medical cost trend rate is as follows:
Increase Decrease (20) (313)
19p120A(m)
19p120A(o) The
Eect on the aggregate of the current service cost and interest cost Eect on the dened benet obligation
24 366
129

(c) Post-employment benets (pension and medical)

19p120A(j)
Plan assets are comprised as follows:

2010 Equity instruments Debt instruments Property Other 3,256 1,524 1,047 784 6,611 49% 23% 16% 12% 100% 1,224 571 943 361 3,099 2009 40% 18% 30% 12% 100%
DV
Investments are well diversied, such that the failure of any single investment would not have a material impact on the overall level of assets. The largest proportion of assets is invested in equities, although the group also invests in property, bonds, hedge funds and cash. The group believes that equities oer the best returns over the long-term with an acceptable level of risk. The majority of equities are in a globally diversied portfolio of international blue chip entities, with a target of 60% of equities held in the UK and Europe, 30% in the US and the remainder in emerging markets. plan assets include the companys ordinary shares with a fair value of C136 (2009: C126) and a building occupied by the group with a fair value of C612 (2009: C609). The expected return on plan assets is determined by considering the expected returns available on the assets underlying the current investment policy. Expected yields on xed interest investments are based on gross redemption yields as at the end of the reporting period. Expected returns on equity and property investments reect long-term real rates of return experienced in the respective markets. Expected contributions to post-employment benet plans for the year ending 31 December 2011 are C1,150. The group has agreed that it will aim to eliminate the decit over the next nine years. Funding levels are monitored on an annual basis and the current agreed regular contribution rate is 14% of pensionable salaries in the UK and 12% in the US. The next triennial valuation is due to be completed as at 31 December 2011. The group considers that the contribution rates set at the last valuation date are sucient to eliminate the decit over the agreed period and that regular contributions, which are based on service costs, will not increase signicantly. An alternative method of valuation to the projected unit credit method is a buy-out valuation. This assumes that the entire post-employment benet liability will be settled by transferring all obligations to a suitable insurer. The group estimates the amount required to settle the post-employment benet liabilities at the end of the reporting period would be C15,500.
19p120A(k) Pension
19p120A(l)
19p120(q)
DV
DV
130

19p120A(p)
2010 At 31 December Present value of dened benet obligation Fair value of plan assets Decit in the plan Experience adjustments on plan liabilities Experience adjustments on plan assets
2009
2008
2007
2006
11,391 6,611 4,780 (25) (17)
5,495 3,099 2,396 125 (0)
4,187 2,471 1,716 55 (197)
3,937 2,222 1,715 18 (50)
3,823 2,102 1,721 32 (16)
131

Consolidated statement of cash ows direct method

IAS 7 encourages the use of the direct method for the presentation of cash ows from operating activities. The presentation of cash ows from operating activities using the direct method in accordance with IAS 7, paragraph 18, is as follows: Consolidated statement of cash ows
1p113, 7p10
Note
7p18(a)
Year ended 31 December 2010 2009 212,847 (156,613) 56,234 (7,835) (14,317) 34,082 114,451 (72,675) 41,776 14,773) (10,526) 16,477
Cash ows from operating activities Cash receipts from customers Cash paid to suppliers and employees Cash generated from operations Interest paid Income taxes paid Net cash ows from operating activities
7p21 7p39 7p16(a) 7p16(b) 7p16(a) 7p16(c) 7p16(e) 7p16(f) 7p31 7p31
Cash ows from investing activities Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PPE) Proceeds from sale of PPE Purchases of intangible assets Purchases of available-for-sale nancial assets Loans granted to associates Loan repayments received from associates Interest received Dividends received Net cash used in investing activities
39 6 36 7 10 40 40
(3,950) (9,755) 6,354 (3,050) (2,781) (1,000) 14 1,254 1,180 (11,734)
(6,042) 2,979 (700) (1,126) (50) 64 1,193 1,120 (2,562) 1,070 30,000 18,000 (34,674) (15,736) (1,950) (550) (3,840) 10,075
7p21 7p17(a) 7p17(b) 7p17(c) 7p17(c) 7p17(c) 7p17(d) 7p31 7p31 7p31
Cash ows from nancing activities Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares Purchase of treasury shares Proceeds from issuance of convertible bond Proceeds from issuance of redeemable preference shares Proceeds from borrowings Repayments of borrowings Dividends paid to group shareholders Dividends paid to holders of redeemable preference shares Dividends paid to non-controlling interests Net cash used in nancing activities Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of the year Exchange gains/(losses) on cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at end of the year
17 17
950 (2,564) 50,000 8,500 (78,117) (10,102) (1,950) (1,920) (35,203) (12,855)
27,598 535 15 15,278
17,587 (64) 27,598
132

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income single statement, by function of expense

Year ended 31 December
1p81-83, 1p103, 1p38, 1p113
Note Continuing operations
2010
2009
1p82(a), 103 1p99,103 1p99,103 1p99,103 1p99,103 1p99,103 1p85 1p85 1p85 1p85 1p82(b) 1p85 1p82(c) 1p85 1p82(d), 12p77
Revenue Cost of sales Gross prot Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other income Other (losses)/gains net Loss on expropriated land Operating prot Finance income Finance costs Finance costs net Share of (loss)/prot of associates Prot before income tax Income tax expense
211,034 (77,366) 133,668 (52,140)) (28,778)) 1,900 (90) (1,117) 53,443 1,730 (8,173) (6,443)) (174) 46,826
112,360 (46,68) 65,678 (21,213) (10,426) 1,259 63 35,361 1,609 (12,197) (10,558) 145 24,918 (8,670) 16,248
27 26 28 31 31 31 8
32 16
(14,611)) 32,215
1p85 Prot for the year from continuing operations IFRS5p34, 12p81(b) Discontinued operations:
Prot for the year from discontinued operations

1p82(f)
100 32,315
120 16,368
Prot for the year
1p82(g), Other comprehensive income: 1p82(g), 16p77(f) Gains on revaluation of land and buildings 1p82(g), IFRS7 p20(a)(ii) Available-for-sale nancial assets 28p39, 1p82(h) Share of other comprehensive income of associates 1p82(g), 19p93A Actuarial loss on retirement benet obligations 12p80(d) Impact of change in the Euravian tax rate on deferred tax 1p82(g), IFRS7p23(c) Cash ow hedges 1p82(g) Net investment hedge 1p82(g) Currency translation dierences IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group 1p91(b) Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income
20
1,133
20 20
560 (12) (10) 97 (45) 2,244 850 (231) 3,453 35,768
123 (14) (70)
23 20 20 20 20
(3) 40 (156) (224) 194 16,562
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax

1p82(i)
133

Year ended 31 December 2010 2009

1p83(a) Prot attributable to: 1p83(a)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(a)(i) Non-controlling interest
29,767 2,548 32,315
15,512 856 16,368 15,746 816 16,562
1p83(b) Total comprehensive income attributable to: 1p83(b)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(b)(i) Non-controlling interest
32,968 2,800 35,768
Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations to the equity holders of the company during the year (expressed in C per share) 2010 Basic earnings per share
33p66 33p68
2009 0.75 0.01 0.76 0.71 0.01 0.72
From continuing operations From discontinued operations Diluted earnings per share1 From continuing operations From discontinued operations
34
1.26 0.01 1.27
33p66 33p68
34
1.15 0.01 1.16
The income tax eect has been presented on an aggregate basis; therefore an additional note disclosure resents the income tax eect of each component. Alternatively, this information could be presented within the statement of comprehensive income. The notes on pages 1 to 116 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements.
EPS for discontinued operations may be given in the notes to the accounts instead of the face of the income statement.
134

Note Income tax expense Tax eects of components of other comprehensive income
Year ended 31 December
1p90
Before tax
1p90 1p90 1p90
2010 Tax (charge) credit (198)
After tax 362
Before tax 1,133 123
2009 Tax (charge) credit (374) (61)
After tax 759 62
Fair value gains: Land and buildings Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p90 Share of other comprehensive income of associates 1p90 Actuarial loss on retirement benet obligations 1p90 Impact of change in the Euravaian tax rate on deferred tax 1p90 Cash ow hedges 1p90 Net investment hedge 1p90 Currency translation dierences IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group (note 39) Other comprehensive income
560
(12)
(12)
(14) (705)
211
(14) (494)
97 (45) 2,244
(10) (33)
(10) 64 (45) 2,244
(3) 40 (156)
(3) 40 (156)
850 3,694
(241)
850 3,453
418
(224)
194
135
Appendix III Policies and disclosures for areas not relevant to IFRS GAAP plc
Construction contracts
Note Accounting policies
11p3
A construction contract is dened by IAS 11 as a contract specically negotiated for the construction of an asset. costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred.
11p39(b)(c) Contract
When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable.
11p31
When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably and it is probable that the contract will be protable, contract revenue is recognised over the period of the contract. When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included in contract revenue to the extent that may have been agreed with the customer and are capable of being reliably measured. The group uses the percentage-of-completion method to determine the appropriate amount to recognise in a given period. The stage of completion is measured by reference to the contract costs incurred up to the end of the reporting period as a percentage of total estimated costs for each contract. Costs incurred in the year in connection with future activity on a contract are excluded from contract costs in determining the stage of completion. They are presented as inventories, prepayments or other assets, depending on their nature. The group presents as an asset the gross amount due from customers for contract work for all contracts in progress for which costs incurred plus recognised prots (less recognised losses) exceed progress billings. Progress billings not yet paid by customers and retention are included within trade and other receivables. The group presents as a liability the gross amount due to customers for contract work for all contracts in progress for which progress billings exceed costs incurred plus recognised prots (less recognised losses).
136
Consolidated balance sheet (extracts) Note

1p60 1p54(h) 1p54(g) 1p60 1p54(k)
2010 23,303 24,885
2009 20,374 18,481
Current assets Trade and other receivables Inventories Current liabilities Trade and other payables Consolidated income statement (extracts)
12 13
21
17,667
13,733
Note
11p39(a) 11p16 1p103 1p103 1p103
2010 58,115 (54,729) 3,386 (386) (500)
2009 39,212 (37,084) 2,128 (128) (400)
Contract revenue Contract costs Gross prot Selling and marketing costs Administrative expenses Note Trade and other receivables (extracts)
2010
IFRS7p36, Trade receivables 1p78(b)
2009 16,944 (70) 16,874 788 132 1,146 46
Less: Provision for impairment of receivables

11p42(a) 11p40(c) 1p77, 24p17 1p77, 24p17
18,174 (109) 18,065 984 232 1,300 54 2,668 23,303
Trade receivables net Amounts due from customers for contract work Retentions Prepayments Receivables from related parties (note 40) Loans to related parties (note 40) Total Note Trade and other payables (extracts)
20,374
2010
1p77 24p17 11p42(b) 11p40(b)
2009 9,495 1,195 900 355 960 828 13,733
Trade payables Amounts due to related parties (note 40) Amounts due to customers for contract work Advances received for contract work Social security and other taxes Accrued expenses
10,983 2,202 855 142 2,002 1,483 17,667
Note Inventories (extract) 2010

1p78(c)
2009 7,612 1,796 8,774 299 18,481
Raw materials Work in progress (not related to construction contracts) Finished goods Costs capitalised in relation to construction contracts
7,622 1,810 15,268 185 24,885
137
Note Construction contracts 2010

11p40(a)
2009 56,028 (56,383) (355)
The aggregate costs incurred and recognised prots (less recognised losses) to date Less: Progress billings Net balance sheet position for ongoing contracts
69,804 (69,585) 219
Leases: Accounting by lessor

17p4
A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment, or series of payments, the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. Note Accounting policies
1p119
When assets are leased out under a nance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognised as a receivable. The dierence between the gross receivable and the present value of the receivable is recognised as unearned nance income. Additional disclosure is required of the following for a lease: (a) reconciliation between the gross investment in the lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments receivable at the end of the reposting period. An entity discloses the gross investment in the lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments receivable at the end of the reporting periods: (i) not later than one year;
(ii) ater than one year and not later than ve years; (iii) later than ve years. (b) unearned nance income (c) the unguaranteed residual values accruing to the benet of the lessor (d) the accumulated allowance for uncollectible minimum lease payments receivable. (e) contingent rents recognised as income in the period. (f) a general description of the lessors material leasing arrangements.
The method for allocating gross earnings to accounting periods is referred to a as the actuarial method. The actuarial method allocated rentals between nance income and repayment of capital in each accounting period in such a way that nance income will emerge as a constant rate of return on the lessors net investment in the lease.
17p49
When assets are leased out under an operating lease, the asset is included in the balance sheet based on the nature of the asset. Lease income is recognised over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.
17p50
138
Note Property, plant and equipment The category of vehicles and equipment includes vehicles leased by the group to third parties under operating leases with the following carrying amounts:
17p57
2010 Cost Accumulated depreciation at 1 January Depreciation charge for the year Net book amount 70,234 (14,818) (5,058) 50,358
2009
Note Trade and other receivables

1p78(b) 17p47(a) 17p47(b)
2010 Non-current receivables Finance leases gross receivables Unearned nance income 1,810 (222) 1,588
2009 630 (98) 532 316 (98) 218 316 630 946 (196) 750
1p78(b) 17p47(a) 17p47(b)
Current receivables Finance leases gross receivables Unearned nance income
1,336 (300) 1,036
1p78(b) 17p47(a)
Gross receivables from nance leases: No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years
1,336 1,810 3,146
1p78(b), 17p47(b)
Unearned future nance income on nance leases Net investment in nance leases
(522) 2,624
1p78(b) 17p47(a)
The net investment in nance leases may be analysed as follows: No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years 1,036 1,588 2,624 218 532 750
Note Operating leases

17p56(a)
Operating leases commitments group company as lessor The future minimum lease payments receivable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
2010 No later than 1 year Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years Later than 5 years 12,920 41,800 840 55,560 2009 12,920 41,800 10,840 65,560
17p56(b) 17p56(c)
Contingent-based rents recognised in the income statement were C235 (2009: C40). The company leases vehicles under various agreements which terminate between 2011 and 2016. The agreements do not include an extension option.
Investments: held-to-maturity nancial assets

Note Accounting policies Investments Held-to-maturity nancial assets
1p119 39p9
Held-to-maturity nancial assets are non-derivative nancial assets with xed or determinable payments and xed maturities that the groups management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. If the group were to sell other than an insignicant amount of held-to-maturity nancial assets, the whole category would be tainted and reclassied as available for sale. Held-to-maturity nancial assets are included in non-current assets, except for those with maturities less than 12 months from the end of the reporting period, which are classied as current assets.
Consolidated balance sheet 2010 2009 1,099
1p60 1p54(d)
Non-current assets Held-to-maturity nancial assets
3,999
Note Held-to-maturity nancial assets

IFRS7 p27(b)
Held-to-maturity nancial assets

2010 2009
39AG71-73 Listed securities:
Debentures with xed interest of 5% and maturity date of 15 June 2015 UK Debentures with xed interest of 5.5% and maturity date of 15 June 2010 US Allowance for impairment
4,018 (19) 3,999
984 160 (45) 1,099
The movement in held to maturity of nancial assets may be summarised as follows:

2010 At 1 January Exchange dierences Additions Disposals Provision for impairment
1p66 1p66
2009 390 56 978 (280) (45) 1,009 (1,009) 160
1,009 81 3,003 (165) (19) 3,999 (3,999)
At 31 December Less: non-current portion Current portion
140
IFRS7p16
Movements on the provision for impairment of held-to-maturity nancial assets are as follows:
2010 At 1 January 45 (26) 19 2009 30 16 (3) 2 45
IFRS7 p20(e)
Provision for impairment Unused amounts reversed Unwind of discount (note 31) At 31 December
IFRS7 p12(b) IFRS7 p20(a)(iii) IFRS7p25
The group has not reclassied any nancial assets measured amortised cost rather than fair value during the year (2009: nil). There were no gains or losses realised on the disposal of held to maturity nancial assets in 2010 and 2009, as all the nancial assets were disposed of at their redemption date. The fair value of held to maturity nancial assets is based on quoted market bid prices (2010: C3,901; 2009: C976). Held-to-maturity nancial assets are denominated in the following currencies:
2010 UK pound US dollar Total 2,190 1,809 3,999 2009 990 109 1,099
IFRS7 p34(c)
IFRS7p36(a) The
maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying amount of held to maturity nancial assets.
Government grants1
Note Accounting policies Government grants
20p39(a) 20p12
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the group will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants relating to costs are deferred and recognised in the income statement over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate. Government grants relating to property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred government grants and are credited to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.
1 There are two approaches to accounting for government grants namely the capital approach, under which a grant is credited directly to shareholders interest and the income approach, under which a grant is taken to income over one or more periods. The accounting policy and disclosure below reects the income approach.
141
Note Other (losses)/gains

20p39(b) 20p39(c)
The group obtained and recognised as income a government grant of C100 (2009: nil) to compensate for losses caused by ooding incurred in the previous year. The group is obliged not to reduce its average number of employees over the next three years under the terms of this government grant. The group benets from government assistance for promoting in international markets products made in the UK; such assistance includes marketing research and similar services provided by various UK government agencies free of charge.
Joint ventures
1p119
Consolidation (c) Joint ventures
31p57
The groups interests in jointly controlled entities are accounted for by proportionate consolidation. The group combines its share of the joint ventures individual income and expenses, assets and liabilities and cash ows on a line-by-line basis with similar items in the groups nancial statements. The group recognises the portion of gains or losses on the sale of assets by the group to the joint venture that is attributable to the other venturers. The group does not recognise its share of prots or losses from the joint venture that result from the groups purchase of assets from the joint venture until it resells the assets to an independent party. However, a loss on the transaction is recognised immediately if the loss provides evidence of a reduction in the net realisable value of current assets, or an impairment loss. Note Interest in joint venture
31p56
The group has a 50% interest in a joint venture, JV&Co, which provides products and services to the automotive industry. The following amounts represent the groups 50% share of the assets and liabilities, and sales and results of the joint venture. They are included in the balance sheet and income statement:
2010 Assets: Long-term assets Current assets 2,730 803 3,533 Liabilities: Long-term liabilities Current liabilities 1,114 355 1,469 Net assets Income Expenses Prot after income tax 2,064 5,276 (3,754) 1,522 90 2009 2,124 717 2,841 1,104 375 1,479 1,362 5,618 (4,009) 1,609 92
31p55(b)
Proportionate interest in joint ventures commitments
142
31p54
There are no contingent liabilities relating to the groups interest in the joint venture, and no contingent liabilities of the venture itself.
Oil and gas exploration assets

IFRS6p24
Oil and natural gas exploration and evaluation expenditures are accounted for using the successful eorts method of accounting. Costs are accumulated on a eld-by-eld basis. Geological and geophysical costs are expensed as incurred. Costs directly associated with an exploration well, and exploration and property leasehold acquisition costs, are capitalised until the determination of reserves is evaluated. If it is determined that commercial discovery has not been achieved, these costs are charged to expense. Capitalisation is made within property, plant and equipment or intangible assets according to the nature of the expenditure. Once commercial reserves are found, exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment and transferred to development tangible and intangible assets. No depreciation and/or amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. (a) Development tangible and intangible assets Expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines and the drilling of commercially proven development wells, is capitalised within property, plant and equipment and intangible assets according to nature. When development is completed on a specic eld, it is transferred to production or intangible assets. No depreciation or amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. (b) Oil and gas production assets Oil and gas production properties are aggregated exploration and evaluation tangible assets, and development expenditures associated with the production of proved reserves. (c) Depreciation/amortisation Oil and gas properties intangible assets are depreciated or amortised using the unit-ofproduction method. Unit-of-production rates are based on proved developed reserves, which are oil, gas and other mineral reserves estimated to be recovered from existing facilities using current operating methods. Oil and gas volumes are considered produced once they have been measured through meters at custody transfer or sales transaction points at the outlet valve on the eld storage tank. (d) Impairment exploration and evaluation assets Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment when reclassied to development tangible or intangible assets, or whenever facts and circumstances indicate impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the exploration and evaluation assets carrying amount exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the exploration and evaluation assets fair value less costs to sell and their value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, the
143
exploration and evaluation assets subject to testing are grouped with existing cashgenerating units of production elds that are located in the same geographical region. (e) Impairment proved oil and gas production properties and intangible assets Proven oil and gas properties and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the assets carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an assets fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identiable cash ows.
Property, plant and equipment1

Capitalised exploration and Capitalised Subtotal evaluation development assets under expenditure expenditure construction At 1 January 2010 Cost Accumulated amortisation and impairment Net book amount Year ended 31 December 2010 Opening net book amount Exchange dierences Acquisitions Additions Transfers Disposals Depreciation charge Impairment charge Closing net book amount At 31 December 2010 Cost Accumulated amortisation and impairment Net book amount 218 (33) 185 12,450 12,450 12,668 (33) 12,635 Other businesses and Production corporate assets assets 58,720 (5,100) 53,620 3,951 (77) 3,874
Total 75,339 (5,210) 70,129
185 17 45 (9) (12) (7) 219 264
12,450 346 386 1,526 (958) (1,687) (36) 12,027 12,027
12,635 363 386 1,571 (967) (1,699) (43) 12,246 12,291
53,620 1,182 125 5,530 1,712 (725) (250) 61,194 67,019
3,874 325 4 95 (42) (3) 4,253 4,330
70,129 1,870 515 7,196 745 (1,699) (767) (296) 77,693 83,640
(45) 219
12,027
(45) 12,246
(5,825) 61,194
(77) 4,253
(5,947) 77,693
1 For the purpose of this illustrative appendix, comparatives for the year ended 31 December 2009 are not disclosed, although they are required by IAS 1.
144
Intangible assets1
Capitalised Subtotal exploration intangible and Capitalised assets in evaluation development progress expenditure expenditure expenditure At 1 January 2010 Cost Accumulated amortisation and impairment Net book amount Year ended 31 December 2010 Opening net book amount Exchange dierences Acquisitions Additions Transfers Transfers to production Disposals Amortisation charge Impairment charge Closing net book amount At 31 December 2010 Cost Accumulated amortisation and impairment Net book amount 5,192 750 5,942
Production assets Goodwill 3,412 9,475
Other
Total
545 19,374
(924) 4,268
750
(924) 5,018
(852) 2,560
(75) 9,400
(19) (1,870) 526 17,504
4,268 152 26 381 (548) (45) 4,234
750 8 32 8 548 (850) (28) 468
5,018 160 58 389 (850) (28) (45) 4,702
2,560 195 5 15 105 (15) (98) 2,767
9,400 423 (175) 9,648
526 17,504 28 5 86 (42) (5) 806 68 490 (745) (43) (140) (225)
598 17,715
5,203
468
5,671
3,717
9,898
659 19,945
(969) 4,234
468
(969) 4,702
(950) 2,767
(250) 9,648
(61) (2,230) 598 17,715
Assets and liabilities related to the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources other than those presented above are as follows:
2010 Receivables from joint venture partners Payable to subcontractors and operators 25 32 2009 22 34
Exploration and evaluation activities have led to total expenses of C59,000 (2009: C57,000), of which C52,000 (2009: C43,000) are impairment charges. In 2010, the disposal of a 16.67% interest in an oshore exploration stage Field X resulted in post-tax prots on sale of C3000 (2009: nil). Cash payments of C415,000 (2009: C395,000) have been incurred related to exploration and evaluation activities. The cash proceeds due to the disposal of the interest in Field X were C8,000 (2009: nil).
1 For the purpose of this illustrative appendix, comparatives for the year ended 31 December 2009 are not disclosed, although they are required by IAS 1.
145
Revenue recognition: multiple-element arrangements

Note Accounting policies The group oers certain arrangements whereby a customer can purchase a personal computer together with a two-year servicing agreement. When such multiple-element arrangements exist, the amount recognised as revenue upon the sale of the personal computer is the fair value of the computer in relation to the fair value of the arrangement taken as a whole. The revenue relating to the service element, which represents the fair value of the servicing arrangement in relation to the fair value of the arrangement, is recognised over the service period. The fair values of each element are determined based on the current market price of each of the elements when sold separately. Where the group is unable to determine the fair value of each of the elements in an arrangement, it uses the residual value method. Under this method, the group determines the fair value of the delivered element by deducting the fair value of the undelivered element from the total contract consideration. To the extent that there is a discount on the arrangement, such discount is allocated between the elements of the contract in such a manner as to reect the fair value of the elements.
Defaults and breaches of loans payable1

Borrowings (extract)
IFRS7p18
The company was overdue paying interest on bank borrowings with a carrying amount of C10,000. The company experienced a temporary shortage of currencies because cash outows in the second and third quarters for business expansions in the UK were higher than anticipated. As a result, interest payables of C700 due by 30 September 2011 remained unpaid. The company has paid all outstanding amounts (including additional interests and penalties for the late payment) during the fourth quarter. Management expects that the company will be able to meet all contractual obligations from borrowings on a timely basis going forward.
IFRS7p19
Covenants Some of the companys credit contracts are subject to covenant clauses, whereby the company is required to meet certain key performance indicators. The company did not full the debt/equity ratio as required in the contract for a credit line of C30,000, of which the company has currently drawn an amount of C15,000.
1
These events or conditions may cast signicant doubt about the entitys ability to continue as a going concern. When events or conditions have been identied that may cast signicant doubt on an entitys ability to continue as a going concern, the auditor should: (1) Review managements plans for future actions based on its going concern assessment; (2) Gather sucient appropriate audit evidence to conrm or dispel whether or not a material uncertainty exists through carrying out audit procedures considered necessary, including considering the eect of any plans of management and other mitigating factors; (3) Seek written representations from management regarding its plans for future action. If a material uncertainty related to events or conditions that may cast signicant doubt on a companys ability to continue as a going concern exists, disclosure is required in the auditors report. ISA 570, Going concern, establishes standards and provides guidance on the auditors responsibility in the audit of nancial statements with respect to the going concern assumption used in the preparation of the nancial statements, including considering managements assessment of the entitys ability to continue as a going concern.
146
Due to this breach of the covenant clause, the bank is contractually entitled to request early repayment of the outstanding amount of C15,000. The outstanding balance was reclassied as a current liability1. Management started renegotiating the terms of the loan agreement when it became likely that the covenant clause may be breached. The bank has not requested early repayment of the loan as of the date when these nancial statements were approved by the board of directors. Management expects that a revised loan agreement will be in place during the rst quarter of 2011.
1 The reclassication of non-current debt to current liabilities would still be required if the terms of the loan were successfully renegotiated after the end of the reporting period.
147
Appendix IV Critical accounting estimates and judgements not relevant

Appendix IV Critical accounting estimates and judgements not relevant to IFRS GAAP plc
Critical accounting estimates
1p125
The following critical accounting estimates may be applicable, among many other possible areas not presented in IFRS GAAP plcs consolidated nancial statements. (a) Useful lives of technology divisions plant and equipment The groups management determines the estimated useful lives and related depreciation charges for its plant and equipment. This estimate is based on projected product lifecycles for its high-tech segment. It could change signicantly as a result of technical innovations and competitor actions in response to severe industry cycles. Management will increase the depreciation charge where useful lives are less than previously estimated lives, or it will write-o or write-down technically obsolete or non-strategic assets that have been abandoned or sold. Were the actual useful lives of the technology division plant and equipment to dier by 10% from managements estimates, the carrying amount of the plant and equipment would be an estimated C1,000 higher or C970 lower. (b) Warranty claims The group generally oers three-year warranties for its personal computer products. Management estimates the related provision for future warranty claims based on historical warranty claim information, as well as recent trends that might suggest that past cost information may dier from future claims. Factors that could impact the estimated claim information include the success of the groups productivity and quality initiatives, as well as parts and labour costs. Were claims costs to dier by 10% from managements estimates, the warranty provisions would be an estimated C2,000 higher or C1,875 lower.
Critical accounting judgements

1p122
The following critical accounting judgements may be applicable, among many other possible areas not presented in IFRS GAAP plcs consolidated nancial statements. (a) Held-to-maturity investments The group follows the IAS 39 guidance on classifying non-derivative nancial assets with xed or determinable payments and xed maturity as held to maturity. This classication requires signicant judgement. In making this judgement, the group evaluates its intention and ability to hold such investments to maturity. If the group fails to keep these investments to maturity other than for specic circumstances explained in IAS 39, it will be required to reclassify the whole class as available-for-sale. The investments would, therefore, be measured at fair value not amortised cost. If the class of held-to-maturity investments is tainted, the fair value would increase by C2,300, with a corresponding entry in the fair value reserve in shareholders equity.
148
Appendix V IFRS 9, Financial instruments


This appendix presents an illustrative example of the requirements of IFRS 9, Financial instruments, applicable to IFRS GAAP plcs nancial statements. IFRS 9 allows for early adoption but is retrospectively applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. If an entity adopts IFRS 9 for annual periods beginning before 1 January 2012, it does not need to restate prior periods (IFRS9p8.2.12) but can do so if it so chooses. The main assumptions applied in this illustrative appendix are as follows: 1 IFRS GAAP plc decided to early adopt IFRS 9. It chose 31 December 2010 as the date of initial application. The group decided to apply the limited exemption in IFRS9p8.2.12 and has not restated prior periods in its year of the initial application. Therefore: (a) Where this exemption is applied, the entity should recognise any dierence between the previous carrying amount and the carrying amount at the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application in the opening retained earnings (or other component of equity, as appropriate) of the reporting period that includes the date of initial application. In this appendix, IFRS plc does not have any such dierence mainly because there were no changes in classication that could originate such a dierence (that is, nancial assets previously classied at amortised cost or cost and now classied as fair value through prot or loss or vice versa). (b) The entity is not required to present a statement of nancial position at the beginning of the earliest comparative period in accordance with IAS1p10(f), because comparative information is not restated as a result of early adoption. (c) As the group is not restating prior periods, it discloses the applicable accounting policies for both periods, applying IAS 39 for the prior period and IFRS 9 for the current period. This appendix only includes the disclosures regarding IFRS 9. (d) The previous point is also relevant for the notes regarding classication, measurement and disclosure of nancial instruments previously applied, which are retained for the previous period. This illustrative appendix only includes the disclosures regarding IFRS 9 for the current period. 3 The group elected to present in other comprehensive income changes in the fair value of all its equity investments previously classied as available for sale, because its business model is not to hold these equity investments for trading. These investments do not meet the denition of held for trading of IAS39p1 and IAS39p9 (IFRS 9 App C26). Debt securities and debentures were not considered to meet the criteria to be classied at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9, because the objective of the groups business model is not to hold these debt securities in order to collect their contractual cash ows. They were therefore reclassied from available for sale to nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss. The group did not have any nancial assets designated as at fair value through prot or loss in the fair value option condition in accordance with IAS 39.
149

The group did not designate any nancial asset as at fair value through prot or loss on initial application in accordance with IFRS9p4.5. The group does not have unquoted equities or derivatives on unquoted equities.
Readers should refer to other PricewaterhouseCoopers publications where necessary.
150

Consolidated income statement

1p81(b), 84, 1p10(b), 12, 1p113, 1p38
Note 5
As at 31 December 2010 2009 211,034 (77,366) 133,668 (52,140) (28,778) 2,750 888 (1,117) 55,271 112,360 (46,682) 65,678 (21,213) (10,426) 1,259 63 35,361 1,609 (12,197) (10,588) 145 24,918 (8,670) 16,248 120 16,368
1p82(a) 1p99, 103
Continuing operations Revenue Cost of sales Gross prot
1p99, 103 1p99, 103 1p99, 103 1p85 1p82(aa) 1p82(ca) 1p85 1p85 1p85 1p82(b) 1p85 1p82(c) 1p85 1p82(d), 12p77 1p85
Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other income Other (losses)/gains net Net gain/(loss) from derecognising nancial assets measured at amortised cost Net gain/ loss) on reclassication of nancial assets from amortised cost to fair value through prot or loss Loss on expropriated land Operating prot Finance income Finance costs Finance costs net Share of (loss)/prot of associates Prot before income tax Income tax expense Prot for the year from continuing operations Prot for the year from discontinued operations
27 26
28
31 31 31 8
767 (8,173) (6,443) (174) 47,691
32
(14,616) 32,075
IFRS5p33(a) Discontinued operations
16
100 33,175
1p82(f)
Prot for the year Prot attributable to:
1p83(a)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(a)(i) Minority interest
30626 2,549 33,175
15,512 856 16,368
33p66 33p68
Earnings per share from continuing and operations attributable to the equity holders of the company during the year (expressed in C per share) Basic earnings per share: From continuing operations From discontinued operations Diluted earnings per share: From continuing operations From discontinued operations
34
1.31 0.01 1.32 1.19 0.01 1.20
0.75 0.01 0.76 0.71 0.01 0.72
33p66 33p68
34
Note: IFRS plc has no Net gains/(losses) from derecognising nancial assets measured at amortised cost or Net gains/(losses) on reclassication of nancial assets from amortised cost to fair value through prot or loss amounts. However, these line items are shown for illustrative purposes, as they are required in IAS1p82(aa) and (ca) as IFRS 9 consequential amendments.
151

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Year ended 31 December 2010 2009 33,175 20 20 16,368 759 62
Note Prot for the year Other comprehensive income: Gains on revaluation of land and buildings Available-for-sale nancial assets
16p77(f) IFRS7 p20(a)(ii) IFRS9 Gain/(loss) arising on revaluation of nancial assets at fair p5.4.1, value through other comprehensive income IFRS7 p20(a)(viii)
Share of other comprehensive income of associates 19p93A Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations 12p80(d) Impact of change in Euravian tax rate on deferred tax 1Rp106(b), Cash ow hedges
IFRS7p23(c) 1p106(b) Net investment hedge 1p106(b) Currency translation dierences IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group
20 20 24 23 20 20 20 20
352 (86) (10) 64 (45) 2,318 850 3,443 36,618
91 (494) (3) 40 (261) 194 16,562
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to:
1p83(b)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(b)(i) Minority interest
33,817 2,801 36,618
15,746 816 16,562
Items in the statement above are disclosed net of tax. The income tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income is disclosed in note 32. The notes on pages 43 to 115 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements.
152

Consolidated balance sheet

Note
1p54, Assets 1p113, 1p38 1p60 Non-current assets 1p54(a) Property, plant and equipment 1p54(c) Intangible assets 1p54(e) Investments in associates 1p54(n), Deferred income tax assets 1p54(d) 1p54(d), IFRS 7p8(d) Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p54(d), Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive IFRS 7 income p11A 1p54(d), Derivative nancial instruments IFRS 7p8(a) 1p54(d), Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss IFRS 7p8(a) 1p54(h), IFRS7p8(c) Trade and other receivables
6 7 8b 23 10, 14 14
155,341 26,272 13,373 3,520 16,785
100,233 20,700 13,244 3,321 14,910
11 14 12
395 635 2,322 218,643
245 1,352 154,005
1p60, 1p66 Current assets 1p54(g) Inventories 1p54(h), IFRS7p8(c) Trade and other receivables 1p54(d), Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive IFRS 7 income p11A 1p54(d), IFRS 7p8(a) Derivative nancial instruments 1p54(d), Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss IFRS 7p8(a) 1p54(i), Cash and cash equivalents IFRS7p8
13 12 14
24,700 19,765 1,950
18,182 18,330
11 14 15
1,069 11,820 17,928 77,232
951 7,972 34,062 79,497 79,497 233,502
IFRS5p38 Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale
16
3,333 80,565
Total assets Equity and liabilities Equity attributable to owners of the parent Ordinary shares Share premium Other reserves Retained earnings
299,208
1p54(r) 1p78(e) 1p78(e) 1p78(e) 1p78(e)
17 17 20 19
25,300 17,144 15,389 67,601 125,434
21,000 10,494 7,005 48,681 87,180 1,766 88,946
1p54(q)
Minority interests Total equity
7,189 132,623
153

Note
1p60 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(e) 1p54(o), 1p56 1p54(l), 1p78(d) 1p54(l), 1p78(d)
Liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Deferred income tax liabilities Retirement benet obligations Provisions for other liabilities and charges 22 11 23 24 25 115,121 135 12,370 4,635 1,320 133,581 96,346 129 9,053 2,233 274 108,035
1p60, 1p69 1p54(k), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(n) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(f) 1p54(m), IFRS7p8(e) 1p54(l)
Current liabilities Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Provisions for other liabilities and charges 21 16,670 2,566 11,716 460 2,222 33,634 220 33,854 Total liabilities Total equity and liabilities 167,435 300,058 12,478 2,771 18,258 618 2,396 36,521 36,521 144,556 233,502
22 11 25 16
IFRS5p38 Liabilities of disposal group classied as held for sale
10p17
The notes on pages 1 to 118 are an integral part of these consolidated nancial statements. CD Suede Chief Executive G Wallace Finance Director
Commentary Consolidated balance sheet

IFRS9 p8.2.12
An entity should apply IFRS 9 retrospectively in accordance to the transition provisions. However, these transition provisions have an exception that allow an entity that adopts IFRS 9 for reporting periods beginning before 1 January 2012 not to restate prior periods. Therefore, the requirement to present a statement of nancial position as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period in accordance with IAS1p10(f) is not required in this example.
154

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Attributable to owners of the parent 1p106, 108,109 Balance at 1 January 2009 Comprehensive income 1p106(d)(i) Prot or loss 1p106(d)(ii) Other comprehensive income 16p77(f), Gain on the revaluation of land 1p82(g) and buildings 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings, net of tax 1p82(g), Available-for-sale nancial IFRS7 assets p20(a)(ii) 1p82(h) Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates 19p93(b) Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations 1p82(g), Cash ow hedges, net of tax IFRS7p23(c) 1p82(g), Net investment hedge 39p102(a) 1p82(g), Currency translation dierences 21p52(b) Total other comprehensive income 1p106(a) Total comprehensive income Note Share Share Other Retained capital premium reserves earnings 20,000 10,424 6,364 48,470 15,512 Total 85,258 15,512 Minority interest 1,500 856 Total equity 86,758 16,368
20 19
759 (87)
87
759
759
20
91
62 (3) 40
62 91
62
(494)
(494) (3) 40
(494) (3) 40
20 20
20
(221) 641 641
(407) 15,105
(221) 234 15,746
(40) (40) 816
(261) 194 16,562
Transactions with owners Employees share option scheme: IFRS2p50 Value of employee services IFRS2p50 Proceeds from shares issued Tax credit relating to share option scheme 1p106(d)(iii) Dividends relating to 2008 1p106(d)(iii) Total transactions with owners Balance at 1 January 2010 Eect of change in accounting policy for classication and measurement of nancial assets (note 2.1) Adjusted balance at 1 January 2010
19 17 19 35
1,000 1,000 21,000
70 70 10,494
822 20
822 1,070 20
822 1,070 20
15,736 15,736 14,894 13,824 7,005 48,681 87,180
550 16,286 550 14,374 1,766 88,946
IFRS9 p8.2.12
21,000
10,494
(150) 6,855
150 48,831
87,180
1,766
88,946
155

Comprehensive income 1p106(d)(i) Prot or loss 1p82(g) Gain on the revaluation of land and buildings 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings, net of tax IFRS9 Gain/(loss) arising on p5.4.1, revaluation of nancial assets at IFRS7 fair value through other p20(a)(viii) comprehensive income Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates 1p82(g), Cash ow hedges, net of tax IFRS7p23(c) 1p82(g), Net investment hedge 39p102(a) 1p82(g), Currency translation dierences 21p52(b) IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group 12p80(d) Impact of the change in the Euravian tax rate on deferred tax Total other comprehensive income 1p106(a) Total comprehensive income for the period Transactions with owners Employees share option scheme: Value of employee services Proceeds from shares issued Tax credit relating to share option scheme Issue of ordinary shares related to business combination Purchase of treasury shares Convertible bond equity component, net of tax Dividends relating to 2009 Total contributions by and distributions to owners Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control Minority interest arising on business combination Total transactions with owners Balance at 31 December 2010
19
(100) 100
30,626
2,549
33,175
20
352 (86)
352 (86)
352 (86)
20 20
64 (45)
64 (45)
64 (45)
20
2,066
2,066
252
2,318
20
850
850
850
23
3,111 3,111
(10) 90 29,866
(10) 3,191 33,817
252 2,801
(10) 3,443 36,618
IFRS2p50 IFRS2p50
19 17 19 17 19 20 35
750 3,550 4,300
200 6,450 6,650
5,433 5,433
690 30 (2,564) (10,102) (11,946)
690 950 30 10,000 (2,564) 5,433 (10,102) 4,437
(1,920) (1,920)
690 950 30 10,000 (2,564) 5,433 (12,022) 2,517
1Rp106(d) (iii) 1Rp106(d) (iii)
1Rp106(d) (iii) 1Rp106(d) (iii)
1Rp106(d) (iii) 1Rp106(d) (iii)
39
4,300 25,300
6,650 17,144
5,433 15,389
(11,946) 66,751
4,437 125,434
4,542 2,622 7,189
4,542 7,059 132,623
156

2 Summary of signicant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation 2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (a) New and amended standards adopted by the group (Refer to the note 2.1.1 in the main section of this publication.)
8p28
IFRS 9, Financial instruments: Classication and measurement, eective 1 January 2013. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classication and measurement of nancial assets. IFRS 9 requires nancial assets to be classied into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classication depends on the entitys business model for managing its nancial instruments and the contractual cash ow characteristics of the instrument. Adoption of IFRS 9 is mandatory from 1 January 2013; earlier adoption is permitted. The group has adopted IFRS 9 from 31 December 2010, as well as the related consequential amendments to other IFRSs, because this new accounting policy provides reliable and more relevant information for users to assess the amounts, timing and uncertainty of future cash ows. In accordance with the transition provisions of the standard, comparative gures have not been restated. The groups management has assessed the nancial assets held by the group at the date of initial application of IFRS 9 (31 December 2010). The main eects resulting from this assessment were:
&
8p28, IFRS9 p8.2.1, p8.2.3, p8.2.12
IFRS9 p8.2.4
&
&
Investments in debt securities, and debentures previously classied as available for sale, do not meet the criteria to be classied as at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9. They are now therefore classied as nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss. As a result, on 1 January 2010 assets with a fair value of C680 at 1 January 2010 were transferred to investments held at fair value through prot or loss; their related fair value gains of C150 were reclassied from the available-for-sale investments reserve to retained earnings. In 2010, fair value gains related to these investments amounting to C15 were recognised in prot or loss, along with the related deferred tax expense of C5. Equity investments not held for trading that were previously measured at fair value and classied as available for sale have been designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income. As a result, fair value gains of C1,088 were reclassied from the available-for-sale investments reserve to the investments revaluation reserve at 1 January 2010. There was no dierence between the previous carrying amount (IAS 39) and the revised carrying amount (IFRS 9) of the nancial assets at 1 January 2010 to be recognised in opening retained earnings.
8p28(f) 1p119
The eect of this change in accounting policy on earnings per share is shown in note 34. 2.4 Foreign currency translation (Refer to the note 2.4 in the main section of this publication.)
157

1p119 21p21, 28, 21p32, 39p95(a), 39p102(a)
(b) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash ow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the income statement within nance income or cost. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the income statement within other (losses)/gains net.
21p30
Translation dierences on non-monetary nancial assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value through prot or loss are recognised in prot or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss. Translation dierences on non-monetary nancial assets such as equity investments whose changes in the fair value are presented in other comprehensive income are included in the related reserve in equity. (Refer to the note 2.4(c) onwards in the main section of this publication.) 2.9 Financial assets 2.9.1 Classication prior to 1 January 2010 (Refer to the note 2.9.1 in the main section of this publication.) 2.9.2 Recognition and measurement prior to 1 January 2010 (Refer to the note 2.9.2 in the main section of this publication.) 2.9.3 Classication from 1 January 2010
IFRS9p4.1
As from 1 January 2010, the group classies its nancial assets in the following categories: those to be measured subsequently at fair value, and those to be measured at amortised cost. This classication depends on whether the nancial asset is a debt or equity investment. Debt investments (a) Financial assets at amortised cost
IFRS9p4.2
A debt investment is classied as amortised cost only if both of the following criteria are met: the objective of the groups business model is to hold the asset to collect the contractual cash ows; and the contractual terms give rise on specied dates to cash ows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. The nature of any derivatives embedded in the debt investment are considered in determining whether the cash ows of the investment are solely payment of principal and interest on the principal outstanding and are not accounted for separately.
158

(b) Financial assets at fair value

IFRS9p4.4
If either of the two criteria above are not met, the debt instrument is classied as fair value through prot or loss. The group has not designated any debt investment as measured at fair value through prot or loss to eliminate or signicantly reduce an accounting mismatch. All equity investments are measured at fair value. Equity investments that are held for trading are measured at fair value through prot or loss. For all other equity investments, the group can make an irrevocable election at initial recognition to recognise changes in fair value through other comprehensive income rather than prot or loss. 2.9.4 Recognition and measurement from 1 January 2010
IFRS9p4.5
IFRS9 p5.4.4, p5.4.5
39p38, IFRS9 p3.1.2
Regular purchases and sales of nancial assets are recognised on the trade-date the date on which the group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash ows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.
IFRS9 At initial recognition, the group measures a nancial asset at its fair value plus, in the case p5.1.1, of a nancial asset not at fair value through prot or loss, transaction costs that are IFRS 9 directly attributable to the acquisition of the nancial asset. Transaction costs of nancial p5.2.1, 39p48, 48A,assets carried at fair value though prot or loss are expensed in the income statement. AG69-AG82 IFRS9 p5.4.1
A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in prot or loss and presented in the income statement within other (losses)/gains net in the period in which they arise. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in prot or loss when the nancial asset is derecognised or impaired and through the amortisation process using the eective interest rate method (note 2.11). The group subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the groups management has elected to present unrealised and realised fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent recycling of fair value gains and losses to prot or loss. Dividends from such investments continue to be recognised in prot or loss as long as they represent a return on investment. The group is required to reclassify all aected debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. 2.11 Impairment of nancial assets (a) Assets carried at amortised cost
IFRS9 p5.4.2
IFRS9 p5.4.4, p5.4.5
IFRS9p4.9
IFRS9 p5.2.2, 39p58, 39p59
The group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a nancial asset or group of nancial assets measured at amortised cost is impaired. A nancial asset or a group of nancial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or
159

more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a loss event) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash ows of the nancial asset or group of nancial assets that can be reliably estimated. (Refer to the note 2.11(a) in the main section of this publication.) (b) Assets classied as available for sale (applicable until 31 December 2009) (Refer to the note 2.11(b) in the main section of this publication.)
Commentary Summary of signicant accounting policies

(Refer to the Summary of signicant accounting policies commentary box in the main section of this publication.) IFRS 9
IFRS9p4.1, p4.2, p4.4
IFRS 9 includes a single model that has only two classication categories: amortised cost and fair value. To qualify for amortised cost accounting, the instrument must meet two criteria: (1) the objective of the business model is to hold the nancial asset for the collection of the cash ows; and (2) all contractual cash ows represent only principal and interest on that principal. All other instruments are mandatorily measured at fair value. Classication under IFRS 9 is determined at inception based on the two criteria previously described.
IFRS9p5.4.4, IFRS 9 requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value. However an entity B5.12 may make an irrevocable election at initial recognition to present all fair value changes
for non-trading equity investments in other comprehensive income. There is no subsequent recycling of fair value gains and losses to prot or loss; there is therefore no impairment. The standard also requires recognition of dividends received from these investments in prot or loss.
IFRS9p4.9, p5.3.1, p5.3.2, B5.9-5.11
IFRS 9 prohibits reclassications between fair value and amortised cost except in rare circumstances when the entitys business model changes. All reclassications are accounted for prospectively. Any dierence between the carrying amount and fair value on a reclassication is recognised in a separate line in prot or loss. To ensure full transparency, the standard requires additional disclosures for any reclassications. IFRS 9 continues to allow entities the option to designate assets at fair value through prot or loss at initial recognition where this signicantly reduces an accounting mismatch. The designation at fair value through prot or loss is irrevocable. IFRS 9 removes the exemption allowing unquoted equities and derivatives on unquoted equities to be measured at cost. Such investments are required to be measured at fair value through prot or loss. IFRS 9 provides guidance on when cost may be an appropriate estimate of fair value. Any dierence between the previous carrying amount in accordance with IAS 39 and fair value (IFRS 9) should be recognised in the opening retained earnings of the reporting period that includes the date of initial application.
IFRS9p4.5
IFRS9 p8.2.11, pB5.5-5.8
160

IFRS 9 p8.1.18.2.2, p8.2.12
The eective date of IFRS 9 is 1 January 2013; early application is permitted. IFRS 9 should be applied retrospectively. However, if adopted before 1 January 2012, comparative periods do not need to be restated. In addition, entities adopting before 1 January 2011 are allowed to designate any date between then and the date of issuance of IFRS 9 as the date of initial application, which is the date upon which the classication of nancial assets is determined. If the date of initial application of IFRS 9 is not at the beginning of a reporting period, the entity should disclose that fact and the reasons for using that date of initial application.
IFRS9 p8.2.3
IFRS9 p8.2.4
At the date of initial application of IFRS 9, an entity should assess whether a nancial asset meets the criteria in IFRS9p4.2(a) on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at the date of initial application. An entity may, at the date of initial application of IFRS 9, designate a nancial asset at fair value through prot or loss (IFRS9p4.5) or an investment in an equity instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (IFRS9p5.4.4). Such designations are made on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at the date of initial application. If an entity does not restate prior periods because it adopted IFRS 9 before 1 January 2012, it should recognise any dierence between the previous carrying amount and the carrying amount at the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application in the opening retained earnings (or other component of equity, as appropriate) of the reporting period that includes the date of initial application. IFRS 9p5.4.4 permits an entity to make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income changes in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument that is not held for trading. Such an investment is not a monetary item. The gain or loss that is presented in other comprehensive income in accordance with IFRS 9p5.4.4 therefore includes any related foreign exchange component.
IFRS9 p8.2.7
IFRS9 p8.2.12
IFRS9 pB5.14
3 Financial risk management

3.1 Financial risk factors (Refer to the note 3.1 in the main section of this publication.) (a) Market risk (Refer to the note 3.1(a) in the main section of this publication.) (ii) Price risk
IFRS7p33 (a)(b)
The group is exposed to equity securities price risk because of investments held by the group and classied on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The group is not exposed to commodity price risk. To manage its price risk arising from investments in
161

equity securities, the group diversies its portfolio. Diversication of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the group. The groups investments in equity of other entities that are publicly traded are included in one of the following three equity indexes: DAX equity index, Dow Jones equity index and FTSE 100 UK equity index. (iii) Cash ow and fair value interest rate risk (Refer to the note 3.1(a)(iii) in the main section of this publication.)
IFRS7p40 IFRS7IG36
At 31 December 2010, if interest rates on Currency-denominated borrowings had been 0.1% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C22 (2009: C21) lower/higher, mainly as a result of higher/lower interest expense on oating rate borrowings and C5 lower/higher as a result of a decrease/ increase in the fair value of xed rate nancial assets measured at fair value through prot or loss. Other components of equity in 2009 would have been C3 lower/higher for xed rate nancial assets classied as available for sale. At 31 December 2010, if interest rates on UK pound-denominated borrowings at that date had been 0.5% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax prot for the year would have been C57 (2009: C38) lower/higher, mainly as a result of higher/lower interest expense on oating rate borrowings; and C6 lower/higher mainly as a result of a decrease/increase in the fair value of xed rate nancial assets classied at fair value through prot or loss. Other components of equity in 2009 would have been C4 lower/higher mainly as a result of a decrease/increase in the fair value of xed rate nancial assets classied as available for sale. (Refer to the note 3.1(a)(iii) in the main section of this publication.)
3.3 Fair value estimation

(Refer to the note 3.3 in the main section of this publication.)
IFRS7 p27B(a)
The following table presents the groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2010. (Refer to the analysis for the comparative year in the main section of this publication.)
Level 1 Assets Financial assets at fair value: Trading derivatives Trading equity securities Investment equity securities Debt investments Derivatives used for hedging Total assets Liabilities Financial liabilities at fair value through prot or loss: Trading derivatives Derivatives used for hedging Total liabilities Level 2 Level 3 Total
11,820 18,735 288 30,843
250 347 1,103 1,700
111 111
361 11,820 18,735 635 1,103 32,654
268 327 595
268 327 595
(Refer to the note 3.3 in the main section of this publication.)
162

1p125
4.1 Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

(Refer to the note 4.1 in the main section of this publication.) (c) Fair value of derivatives and other nancial instruments
IFRS7p27(a) The fair value of nancial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example,
over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. The group uses its judgement to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period. The group has used discounted cash ow analysis for various debt investments that are not traded in active markets. The carrying amount of such debt investments would be an estimated C12 lower or C15 higher were the discount rate used in the discount cash ow analysis to dier by 10% from managements estimates. (Refer to the note 4.1(d) onwards in the main section of this publication.)
1p122
4.2 Critical judgements in applying the entitys accounting policies

(Refer to the note 4.2 in the main section of this publication.) (b) Impairment of available-for-sale equity investments (Refer to the note 4.2(b) in the main section of this publication.)
163

9a Financial instruments by category

IFRS7p6-8 Financial assets
2010
Financial assets measured at fair value through prot or loss

IFRS9p.4.4, IFRS 7p8(a)Financial assets held for trading:
Investments in equity instruments held for trading (note 14) Derivatives used for hedging (note 11) Derivatives used for trading (note 11)
11,820 1,103 361 13,284
Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss:

IFRS9p4.5, IFRS7p8(a) Investments in debt securities (note 14)
635 635
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income:

IFRS9 p5.4.4
Investments in equity instruments (note 14)
18,735 18,735
IFRS9 4.2 Financial assets measured at amortised cost:
Trade and other receivables excluding pre-payments (note 12) Cash and cash equivalents (note 15)
20,787 17,928 38,715
Total
IFRS7p6-8 Financial assets
71,369 2009 18,536 34,062 321 7,972 875 14,910 76,676
Loans and receivables: Trade and other receivables excluding pre-payments (note 12) Cash and cash equivalents (note 15) Assets at fair value through prot and loss: Derivative nancial instruments (note 11) Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss (note 14) Derivatives used for hedging (note 11) Available for sale (note 10) Total
Pre-payments are excluded from the trade and other receivables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments (C1,300 and C1,146 as of 2010 and 2009, respectively). The categories in this disclosure for nancial assets are determined by IFRS 9 in 2010 and by IAS 39 in 2009 (note 2.9).There are no changes to the disclosure categories for nancial liabilities.
164

IFRS7p6-8 Financial liabilities
2010 268 327 117,839 8,998 15,668 143,100
2009 298 449 104,006 10,598 11,518 126,869
Liabilities at fair value through the prot and loss: Derivative nancial instruments (note 11) Derivatives used for hedging (note 11) Other nancial liabilities at amortised cost: Borrowings (excluding nance lease liabilities) Finance lease liabilities Trade and other payables excluding statutory liabilities Total
Statutory liabilities are excluded from the trade payables balance, as this analysis is required only for nancial instruments.
9b Credit quality of nancial assets

(Refer to the note 9b in the main section of this publication.)
2010
DV
2000 264 264
Investments in debt securities A (debt securities at fair value through prot or loss) A (debt securities classied as available for sale)
635 635
(Refer to the note 9b in the main section of this publication.)
165

9c Classication of nancial assets at the date of initial application

IFRS7p44I
The classication and measurement category for each class of nancial assets at the date of initial application were as follows:
Measurement category Financial asset Equity investments (note 10) Original (IAS 39) Available for sale New (IFRS 9) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss Derivatives used for hedging Derivatives used for hedging
Carrying amount Original (IAS 39) New Di(IFRS 9) erence
18,735
18,735
Debentures (note 10)
Available for sale Available for sale Available for sale Derivatives used for hedging Derivatives used for hedging Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss Loans and receivables Loans and receivables Loans and receivables
210
210
Cumulative redeemable preference shares (note 10) Debt securities (note 10) Interest rate swaps (note 11) Forward foreign exchange contracts cash ow hedges (note 11) Forward foreign exchange contracts trading (note 11) Equity investments held for trading (note 14) Trade and other receivables (note 12) Loans to related parties (note 12) Cash and cash equivalents (note 15) Total
IFRS7p44J
78
78
347
347
408
408
695 Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss 361 Financial asset at fair value through prot or loss 11,820 Financial assets at amortised cost Financial assets at amortised cost Financial assets at amortised cost 18,065 2,722 17,928 71,369
695
361
11,820 18,065 2,722 17,928 71,369
Debt securities, debentures and preference shares that are not equity do not meet the criteria to be classied as at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9, because the objective of the groups business model is not to hold these debt securities in order to collect their contractual cash ows. Therefore, they were re-classied from available for sale to nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss. The group elected to present in other comprehensive income changes in the fair value of all its equity investments previously classied as available for sale, because the business model is to hold these equity investments for long-term strategic investment and not for trading.
IFRS7 p11A(b), 39p1
166

IFRS7 p44I(c)
The group did not have any nancial assets in the statement of nancial position that were previously designated as fair value through prot or loss but are no longer so designated. Neither did it designate any nancial asset at fair value through prot or loss on initial application of IFRS 9.
Commentary
IFRS9 pB8.1
At the date of initial application of IFRS 9, an entity must determine whether the objective of the its business model for managing any of its debt investments meets the condition in IFRS9.4.2(a) or if its equity investments are eligible for the election in IFRS9.5.4.4. For that purpose, an entity should determine whether nancial assets meet the denition of held for trading based on the facts and circumstances that exist at the date of initial application. In accordance with IAS39.1 (IFRS 9 consequential amendment), a nancial asset is held for trading if: (a) it is acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the near term; (b) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identied nancial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term prot-taking; or (c) it is a derivative. For the purpose of this illustrative appendix, the equity investments previously classied as available for sale do not meet the denition of nancial assets held for trading.
39p1
IFRS7p44I
IFRS 7 requires an entity, when it rst applies IFRS 9, to disclose for each class of nancial assets at the date of initial application: (a) the original measurement category and carrying amount determined in accordance with IAS 39; (b) the new measurement category and carrying amount determined in accordance with IFRS 9; and (c) the amount of any nancial asset that were previously designated as measured at fair value through prot or loss but are no longer so designated.
IFRS9 p8.2.12 IFRS7p44J
The original and new carrying amounts to be included in this disclosure should be at the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application. An entity should disclose qualitative information to enable users to understand the following aspects, when it rst applies IFRS 9: (a) how it applied the classication requirements in IFRS 9 to those nancial assets whose classication has changed as a result of applying IFRS 9. (b) the reasons for any designation or de-designation of nancial assets or nancial liabilities as measured at fair value through prot or loss.
167

10 Available-for-sale nancial assets and equity investments at fair value through OCI
2009 At 1 January Exchange dierences Additions Disposals Net gains/(losses) transfer from equity (note 20) Net gains/(losses) transfer to equity (note 20) At 31 December Less: non-current portion Current portion 14,096 (435) 1,126 (152) 275 14,910 (14,910)
1p79(b) 1p66 1p66 IFRS7 p20(a)(ii) IFRS7 p27(b), 31, 34
During 2009 the group removed prots of C187 and losses C35 from equity into the income statement. Losses in the amount of C20 were due to impairments. Available-for-sale nancial assets include the following:
2009 Listed securities: Equity securities UK Equity securities Europe Equity securities US Debt securities with xed interest ranging from 6.3% to 6.5% and maturity dates between July 2011 and May 2013 8,300 2,086 4,260 264 14,910
IFRS7 p34(c)
Available-for-sale nancial assets are denominated in the following currencies:

2009 UK pound Euros US dollar Other currencies 8,121 2,086 4,260 443 14,910
IFRS7p27, 1p79(b)
The fair values of unlisted securities are based on cash ows discounted using a rate based on the market interest rate and the risk premium specic to the unlisted securities (2009: 5.8%). The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of the debt securities. None of these nancial assets is either past due or impaired.
IFRS7 p36(a) IFRS7 p36(c)
168

Investments at fair value through OCI 2010 At 1 January Balance transferred from AFS Debt securities transferred from AFS to FVTPL Exchange dierences Acquisition of sub (note 39) Additions Disposals Net gains/(losses) transfer to equity (note 20) At 31 December 14,910 (680) 646 473 3,967 (1,256) 675 18,735
1p79(b)
14 Financial assets at fair value

IFRS7p8(a), (a) Financial assets held for trading 31, 34(c)
2010 Listed securities held-for-trading: Equity securities UK Equity securities Europe Equity securities US 5,850 4,250 1,720 11,820
7p15
2009 3,560 3,540 872 7,972
Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss are presented within operating activities as part of changes in working capital in the statement of cash ows (note 36). Changes in fair values of nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss are recorded in other (losses)/gains net in the income statement (note 26).
IFRS7p27
The fair value of all equity securities is based on their current bid prices in an active market. Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss
2010 Listed securities: Debentures with xed interest of 6.5% and maturity date of 27 August 2012 Cumulative 9.0% redeemable preference shares Unlisted securities: Debt securities with xed interest ranging from 6.3% to 6.5% and maturity dates between July 2011 and May 2013 210 78 347 635 Less non-current portion Current portion (635)
IFRS7p8(a), (b) 31, 34(c)
IFRS7p27, 1p79(b)
The fair values of unlisted securities are based on cash ows discounted using a rate based on the market interest rate and the risk premium specic to the unlisted securities (2009: 6%).
169

IFRS7 p36(a) IFRS7 p11A
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of the debt securities. (c) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
2010 Listed securities: Equity securities UK Equity securities Europe Equity securities US Less non-current portion Current portion 8,335 5,850 4,550 18,735 (16,785) 1,950
IFRS7 p11A(b), 39p1 IFRS7 p11A(d) IFRS7 p11A(d), p11B
The group has designated the above equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income, because they are held for long-term investment rather than for trading. Dividends recognised during 2010 related to these equity investments are shown in note 27. During 2010, the group disposed of investments with a cost of C1,256 from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The investments were sold to maintain the groups desired balance of investments between dierent industries. The fair value of these investments at the date of derecognition was C1,386. The cumulative gain on disposal was C130. There were no dividends recognised during the period relating to these derecognised equity investments. As these investments were disposed of prior to the date of application of IFRS 9, they are treated in accordance with IAS 39, and the gain on disposal was transferred to the prot or loss.
Commentary
If the investments disposed of had been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9, the group would have been required to disclose the amount of any transfer from the investment reserve to any other reserve [IFRS9.11A(e)].
IFRS7 p34(c)
Financial assets in equity and debt investments measured at fair value are denominated in the following currencies:
2010 UK pound Euros US dollar Other currencies 13,747 10,100 6,270 1,073 31,190
170

19 Retained earnings
1p106(d)
At 1 January 2009 Prot for the year 1p106(d) Dividends paid relating to 2008 IFRS2p50 Value of employee services 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings net of tax 12p68C Tax credit relating to share option scheme 19p93A Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations net of tax At 31 December 2009
IFRS9 p8.2.12
48,470 15,512 (15,736) 822 87 20 (494) 48,681 150 30,262 10,102 690 100 30 (2,564) (10) 67,601
Eect of change in accounting policy for classication and measurement of nancial assets (note 2.1) Prot for the year 1p106(d) Dividends relating to 2009 IFRS2p50 Value of employee services 16p41 Depreciation transfer on land and buildings net of tax 12p68C Tax credit relating to share option scheme 1p97(a) Purchase of treasury shares 19p93A Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations net of tax 12p80(d) Impact of change in UK tax rate on deferred tax At 31 December 2010
171

20 Other reserves
Investments revaluation reserve
Land and Convertible buildings bond revaluation
Hedging reserve
Availablefor-sale investments
Translation
Total
At 1 January 2009
16p39, IFRS7 p20(a)(ii)
1,152
65
1,320
3,827
6,364
12p61, 81(a) 28p39
16p41 16p41 1p96(b) IFRS7p23(c) 12p61, 81(a) IFRS7p23(d) 12p61, 81(a) IFRS7p23(e) 12p61, 81(a) 39p102(a) 1p106(d) 21p52(b) 28p39
Revaluation gross (notes 6 and 10) Revaluation transfer gross Revaluation tax (note 32) Revaluation associates (note 8) Depreciation transfer gross Depreciation transfer tax Cash ow hedges: Fair value gains in year Tax on fair value gains (note 32) Transfers to sales Tax on transfers to sales (note 32) Transfers to inventory Tax on transfers to inventory (note 32) Net investment hedge (note 11) Currency translation dierences: Group Associates At 31 December 2009
1,133
275 (152) (61) (14) 0 0
1,408 (152) (435) (14) (130) 43 300 (101) (236) 79 (67) 22 40
(374) 0 (130) 43
300 (101) (236) 79 (67) 22
40
(50) 1,774
62
1,368
(171) 105 3,801
(221) 105 7,005
172

Land and Convertible buildings bond revaluation
Hedging reserve
Availablefor-sale investments
Investments revaluation reserve
Translation
Total
Eect of change in accounting policy for classication and measurement of nancial assets (note 2.1) Reclassication to retained earnings, items now classied as FVTPL. Reclassication to investments revaluation reserve Cumulative gain/(loss) on disposal transferred to prot or loss Gain/(loss) arising on revaluation of nancial IFRS9 assets at fair value p5.4.1, through other IFRS7 p20(a)(viii) comprehensive income 12p61, 81(a) Revaluation tax (note 32) Revaluation associates 28p39 (note 8) Depreciation transfer 16p41 gross 16p41 Depreciation transfer tax 1p96(b) Cash ow hedges: IFRS7p23(c) Fair value gains in year Tax on fair value gains 12p61, 81(a) (note 32) IFRS7p23(d) Transfers sales Tax on transfers to sales 12p61, 81(a) (note 32) IFRS7p23(e) Transfers to inventory Tax on transfers to 12p61, 81(a) inventory (note 32) Net investment hedge 39p102(a) (note 11) Currency translation 1p106(d) dierences: 21p52(b) Group 28p39 Associates Convertible bond equity component (note 22) Tax on equity component on convertible bond (note 12p61, 81(a) 32) At 31 December 2009
IFRS9 p8.2.12
(150)
(150)
(1,088)
1,088
(130)
(130)
(149) 49
368 (123) (120) 40 (151) 50
675 (193) (12)
(45)
675 (193) (12) (149) 49 368 (123) (120) 40 (151) 50 (45)
7,761
15
2,051 (74)
2,066 (74) 7,761
(2,328) 5,433
1,689
126
1,558
5,733
(2,328) 14539
173

26 Other (losses) / gains net

2010
IFRS7 p20(a)(i) IFRS9 p5.4.1
2009
Financial assets held for trading at fair value through prot or loss (note 14): Fair value losses Fair value gains Foreign exchange forward contracts: Held for trading (508) 1,571 (238)
IFRS7 p20(a)(i)
21p52(a) Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) (note 33) IFRS7p24(a) Ineectiveness on fair value hedges (note 11) IFRS7p24(b) Ineectiveness on cash ow hedges (note 11)
86 (277) (1) 17 888
88 200 (1) 14 63
27 Other income
2010 Gain on remeasuring existing interest in ABC group on acquisition (note 39) 18p35(b)(v) Dividend income on available-for-sale nancial assets IFRS7 Dividend income on nancial assets at fair value through other p11A(d) comprehensive income 18p35(b)(v) Dividend income on nancial assets at fair value through prot or loss Investment income Insurance reimbursement 850 1,100 800 800 2,750 2009 883 310 1,193 66 1,259
The insurance reimbursement relates to the excess of insurance proceeds over the carrying values of goods damaged.
174

31 Finance income and costs

2010
IFRS7 p20(b)
2009
Interest expense: (5,317) (1,950) (3,083) (550) (44) 2,594 102 16 (16) (8,248) 75 (8,173) 550 217 767 (7,406) (10,646) (1,950) (648) (37) 996 88 31 (31) (12,197) 489 984 136 1,609 (10,588)
Bank borrowings Dividend on redeemable preference shares (note 22) Convertible bond (note 22) Finance lease liabilities 37p84(e) Provisions: unwinding of discount (note 25) 21p52(a) Net foreign exchange gains on nancing activities (note 33) Fair value gains on nancial instruments: IFRS7p23(d) Interest rate swaps: cash ow hedges, transfer from equity IFRS7 Interest rate swaps: fair value hedges
p24(a)(i) IFRS7 p24(a)(ii)
Fair value adjustment of bank borrowings attributable to interest rate risk
Finance costs Less: amounts capitalised on qualifying assets Total nance cost Finance income: Interest income on short-term bank deposits IFRS7p20(b) Interest income on available-for-sale nancial assets IFRS7p20(b) Interest income on loans to related parties (note 40) Finance income Net nance costs
32 Income tax expense

2010
12p80(a) 12p80(b)
2009 6,035 6,035 2,635 2,635 8,670
Current tax: Current tax on prots for the year Adjustments in respect of prior years Total current tax
14,082 150 14,232 481 (97) 384 14,616
12p80(c) 12p80(d)
Deferred tax (note 23): Origination and reversal of temporary dierences Impact of change in the Euravian tax rate Total deferred tax Income tax expense
175

12p81(c)
The tax on the groups prot before tax diers from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to prots of the consolidated entities as follows:
2010 Prot before tax Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to prots in the respective countries Tax eects of: Associates results reported net of tax Income not subject to tax Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses Tax losses for which no deferred income tax asset was recognised Re-measurement of deferred tax change in the Euravian tax rate Adjustment in respect of prior years Tax charge 47,691 15,458 2009 24,918 7,475
5 (1,072) 1,592 (1,450) 30 (97) 150 14,616
(44) (212) 1,104 347 8,670
12p81(d)
During the year, as a result of the change in the Euravian corporation tax rate from 30% to 28% that was substantively enacted on 26 June 2010 and that will be eective from 1 April 2011, the relevant deferred tax balances have been re-measured. Deferred tax expected to reverse in the year to 31 December 2011 has been measured using the eective rate that will apply in Euravia for the period (28.5%). The weighted average applicable tax rate was 33% (2009: 30%). The increase is caused by a change in the protability of the groups subsidiaries in the respective countries partially oset by the impact of the reduction in the Euravian tax rate.
12p81(d)
176

12p81(ab)
The tax (charge)/credit relating to components of other comprehensive income is as follows:

2010 Before tax Tax (charge) credit Before tax 1,133 123 2009 Tax (charge) credit (374) (61)
After tax
After tax 759 62
Fair value gains: 1p90 Land and buildings 1p90 Available-for-sale nancial assets 1p90 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 1p90 Share of other comprehensive income of associates 1p90 Actuarial loss on retirement benet obligations 1p90 Impact of change in the Euravian tax rate on deferred tax 1p90 Cash ow hedges 1p90 Net investment hedge 1p90 Currency translation dierences IFRS3p59 Increase in fair values of proportionate holding of ABC Group (note 39) Other comprehensive income Current tax Deferred tax (note 23)
545
(193)
352
(12)
(12)
(14) (705)
211
(14) (494)
97 (45) 2,244
(10) (33)
(10) 64 (45) 2,244
(3) 40 (156)
(3) 40 (156)
850 3,694
(241) (241) (241)
850 3,453
418
(224) (224) (224)
194
(Refer to the note 32 in the main section of this publication.)
177

34 Earnings per share
(Refer to the note 34 in the main section of this publication.) (c) Eect of changes in accounting policies
8p28 (f)
The eects of changes in accounting policy described in note 2.1 on both basic and diluted earnings per share are summarised as follows:
Eect on prot for the year (C thousands) 2010 2009 Changes in accounting policies relating to: Reclassication and measurement of nancial assets IFRS 9 Other (specify as applicable) Eect on basic earnings per share (C per share) 2010 2009 Eect on diluted earnings per share (C per share) 2010 2009
10 10
178
Appendix VI First-time adoption of IFRS

In the case of IFRS 1, a number of implementation choices exist and only one possible combination is illustrated. The publication does not repeat all of the requirements of IFRS 1 and should be read in conjunction with the standard and related implementation guidance. When preparing nancial statements in accordance with IFRSs, an entity should have regard to its local legal and regulatory requirements. This appendix does not consider any requirements of a particular jurisdiction.
Transition to IFRS
These are the Groups rst consolidated nancial statements prepared in accordance with IFRSs. The accounting policies set out in note 2 have been applied in preparing the nancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2010, the comparative information presented in these nancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009 and in the preparation of an opening IFRS balance sheet at 1 January 2009 (the Groups date of transition). In preparing its opening IFRS balance sheet, the Group has adjusted amounts reported previously in nancial statements prepared with [country] GAAP. An explanation of how the transition from [country] GAAP to IFRSs has aected the Groups nancial position, nancial performance and cash ows is set out in the following tables and notes that accompany the tables.
1 Initial elections upon adoption

Set out below are the applicable IFRS 1 exemptions and exceptions applied in the conversion from [country] GAAP to IFRS.
1.1 IFRS exemption options

1.1.1. Exemption for business combinations IFRS 1 provides the option to apply IFRS 3, Business combinations, prospectively from the transition date or from a specic date prior to the transition date. This provides relief from full retrospective application that would require restatement of all business combinations prior to the transition date. The group elected to apply IFRS 3 prospectively to business combinations occurring after its transition date. Business combinations occurring prior to the transition date have not been restated. 1.1.2. Exemption for fair value as deemed cost The group elected to measure certain items of property, plant and equipment at fair value as at 1 January 2009. 1.1.3. Exemption for cumulative translation dierences IFRS 1 permits cumulative translation gains and losses to be reset to zero at the transition date. This provides relief from determining cumulative currency translation dierences in accordance with IAS 21, The eects of changes in foreign exchange rates, from the date a subsidiary or equity method investee was formed or acquired. The group elected to reset all cumulative translation gains and losses to zero in opening retained earnings at its transition date. 1.1.4. Exemption for employee benets IFRS 1 provides retrospective relief from applying IAS 19, Employee benets, for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses. In line with the exemption, the group elected to
179

recongise all cumulative actuarial gains and losses that existed at its transition date in opening retained earnings for all its employee benet plans. The remaining voluntary exemptions do not apply to the group:
&
Share-based payment (IFRS 2) and leases (IAS 17), as [country] accounting and the IFRSs were already aligned as regards these transactions; Insurance contracts (IFRS 4), as this is not relevant ot the companys operations. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, as only the groups consolidated nancial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs; Compound nancial instruments, because the group does not have these types of nancial instrument as at the date of transition to IFRS; Decomimissioning liabilities included in the cost of land, buildings and equipment, as the group does not have liabilities of this type; and Financial assets or intangible assets accounted for under IFRIC 12, as the group has not entered into agreements within the scope of IFRIC 12.
& &
&
&
&
1.2 IFRS mandatory exceptions

Set out below are the applicable mandatory exceptions in IFRS 1 applied in the conversion from [country] GAAP to IFRS. 1.2.1 Hedge accounting exception Hedge accounting can only be applied prospectively from the transition date to transactions that satisfy the hedge accounting criteria in IAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement, at that date. Hedging relationships cannot be designated retrospectively, and the supporting documentation cannot be created retrospectively. As a result, only hedging relationships that satised the hedge accounting criteria as of 1 January 2009 are reected as hedges in the groups results under IFRS. 1.2.2 Exception for estimates IFRS estimates as at 1 January 2009 are consistent with the estimates as at the same date made in conformity with [country] GAAP. The other compulsory exceptions of IFRS 1 have not been applied as these are not relevant to the group:
& &
Derecognition of nancial assets and nancial liabilities; and Non-controlling interests.
2 Reconciliations of [country] GAAP to IFRS

IFRS 1 requires an entity to reconcile equity, comprehensive income and cash ows for prior periods. The groups rst-time adoption did not have an impact on the total operating, investing or nancing cash ows. The following tables represent the reconciliations from [country] GAAP to IFRS for the respective periods noted for equity, earnings and comprehensive income.
180
181

Reconciliation of shareholders equity as at 1 January 2009

(a) Under previous [Country GAAP] Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Investments in associates Deferred income tax assets Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other receivables (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment (c) (d) Goodwill and negative goodwill (e)
Consolidation
Impairment of PP&E
Preoperating expenses
82,214 19,637 13,208 3,567 14,096 132,722
(200) (200)
75,000 75,000
(50,000) (50,000)
2,950 2,950
(1,125) (1,125)
Current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts)
16,754 17,007 5,432 17,587 56,780
500 2,000 2,500
Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale
56,780
2,500 2,300
75,000
(50,000)
2,950
(1,125)
Total assets
189,502
182

(f) Tax and social contribution
(g) Cumulative translation adjustment
(h) Adjustment to pension obligations
(i)
(j)
Hedge accounting exception
Inventory valuation method
(k) Interest on capital and dividends
Total impact of change to IFRS
Under IFRS
25,000 1,825 (200) 26,625
107,214 21,462 13,008 3,567 14,096 159,347
400 400
900 2,000 2,900
17,654 19,007 5,432 17,587 59,680
400 400
2,900 29,525
59,680 219,027
183

Reconciliation of shareholders equity as at 1 January 2009 (continued)

(a) Under previous [Country GAAP] Equity and liabilities Equity attributable to owners of the parent Ordinary shares Share premium Other reserves Retained earnings (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment (c) (d) Goodwill and negative goodwill (e)
Consolidation
Impairment of PP&E
20,000 10,424 (69,463) 87,040 48,001
(200) (200) 2,500 2,300
75,000 75,000 75,000
(50,000) (50,000) (50,000)
2,950 2,950 2,950
(1,125) (1,125) (1,125)
Non-controlling interests Total equity
(1,000) 47,001
Liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Deferred income tax liabilities Retirement benet obligations Provisions for other liabilities and charges
93,478 2,110 537 96,125
Current liabilities Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Provisions for other liabilities and charges
25,422 2,019 17,012 1,923 46,376
Liabilities of disposal group classied as held for sale
46,376
2,300
75,000
(50,000)
2,950
(1,125)
Total liabilities Total equity and liabilities
142,501 189,502
184

(i)
(j)
Under IFRS
(4,504) (4,504) (4,504)
(3,000) 3,000 0
(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)
400 400 400
15,736 15,736 15,736
72,000 (34,743) 37,257 2,500 39,757
20,000 10,424 2,537 52,297 85,258 1,500 86,758
4,504 4,504
1,000 1,000
4,504 1,000 5,504
93,478 6,614 1,537 101,629
(15,736) (15,736)
(15,736) (15,736)
9,686 2,019 17,012 1,923 30,640
4,504
1,000
400
(15,736)
(10,232) 29,525
30,640 132,269 219,027
185

Reconciliation of shareholders equity as at 31 December 2009

(a) Under previous [Country GAAP] Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Investments in associates Deferred income tax assets Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Trade and other receivables (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment (c) (d) Goodwill and negative goodwill (e)
Consolidation
Impairment of PP&E
75,433 18,350 13,444 3,321 14,910 245 1,352 127,055
(200) (200)
73,800 73,800
(49,000) (49,000)
3,100 3,100
(750) (750)
Current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Available-for-sale nancial assets Derivative nancial instruments Financial assets at fair value through prot or loss Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts)
17,312 16,330 951 7,972 34,062 76,627
500 2,000 2,500
Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale
76,627
Total assets
203,682
186

(i)
(j)
Under IFRS
24,800 2,350 (200) 26,950
100,233 20,700 13,244 3,321 14,910 245 1,352 154,005
370 370
870 2,000 2,870
18,182 18,330 951 7,972 34,062 79,497
79,497 233,502
187

Reconciliation of shareholders equity as at 31 December 2009 (continued)

(a) Under previous [Country GAAP] Equity and liabilities Equity attributable to owners of the parent Ordinary shares Share premium Other reserves Retained earnings (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment (c) (d) Goodwill and negative goodwill (e)
Consolidation
Impairment of PP&E
21,000 10,494 (63,795) 91,945 59,644
(200) (200) 2,500 2,300
73,800 73,800 73,800
(49,000) (49,000) (49,000)
3,100 3,100 3,100
(750) (750) (750)
Non-controlling interests Total equity Liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Deferred income tax liabilities Retirement benet obligations Provisions for other liabilities and charges
(734) 58,910
96,171 129 342 1,233 274 98,149
Current liabilities Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities Borrowings Derivative nancial instruments Provisions for other liabilities and charges
22,580 2,771 18,258 618 2,396 46,623
Liabilities of disposal group classied as held for sale
46,623
2,300
73,800
(49,000)
3,100
(750)
Total liabilities Total equity and liabilities
144,772 203,682
188

(i)
(j)
Under IFRS
(8,711) (8,711) (8,711)
(3,000) 3,000 0 0
(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)
(175) (175) (175)
370 370 370
10,102 10,102 10,102
70,800 (43,264) 27,536 2,500 30,036
21,000 10,494 7,005 48,681 87,180 1,766 88,946
8,711 8,711
1,000 1,000
175 175
175 8,711 1,000 9,886
96,346 129 9,053 2,233 274 108,035
(10,102)
(10,102)
12,478 2,771 18,258 618 2,396 36,521
8,711
1,000 0
175
370
(10,102)
(10,102) (216) 29,820
36,521 144,556 233,502
189

Reconciliation of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2009

(a) Under previous [Country GAAP] Continuing operations Revenue Operating costs Income from operations Financial income Financial expenses Financial expenses, net Equity in earnings (losses) of associates Pre-tax prot Income tax Prot for the year from continuing operations Discontinued operations Prot for the year from discontinued operations Prot for the year Prot attributable to: Owners of the company Non-controlling interests 112,360 (79,644) 32,716 1,609 (12,022) (10,413) 145 22,448 (8,380) 14,068 (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment (1,200) (1,200) (1,200) 408 (792) (c) (d)
Consolidation
Impairment of PP&E 1,000 1,000 1,000 (340) 660
Goodwill and negative goodwill 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
120 14,188
(792) (792)
660 660
2,500 2,500
190

(e)
(f)
(i)
(j)
Preoperating expenses 375 375 375 (128)
Tax (300)
Hedge accounting exception (175) (175) (175) 60
Inventory valuation method (30) (30) (30) 10
Total impact of change to IFRS 2,645 2,645 (175) (175) 2,470 (290)
Under IFRS 112,360 (76,999) 35,361 1,609 (12,197) (10,588) 145 24,918 (8,670)
247
(300)
(115)
(20)
2,180
16,248
247 247
(300) (300)
(115) (115)
(20) (20)
2,180 2,180
120 16,368 15,512 856
191

Reconciliation of comprehensive income as at 31 December 2009

Under previous [Country GAAP] Total impact of change to IFRS
Note
Prot for the year Other comprehensive income (net of tax): Gains on revaluation of land and buildings Available-for-sale nancial assets Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates Actuarial loss on post employment benet obligations Cash ow hedges Net investment hedge Currency translation dierences Other comprehensive income for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Owners of the company Noncontrolling interests
Under IFRS 16,368
(h)
759 62 91 (3) 40 (261) 688
(494) (494)
759 62 91 (494) (3) 40 (261) 194 16,562
15,746 816 16,562
Reconciliation of cash ow statement

The transition from [country] GAAP to IFRS has had no eect on the reported cash ows generated by the group. The reconciling items between the [country] GAAP presentation and the IFRS presentation have no net impact on the cash ows generated.
3 Notes to the reconciliation of [country] GAAP and IFRS

(a) Consolidation Under [country] GAAP, a subsidiary was excluded from consolidation and included in the nancial statements under the equity method. This entity was consolidated for IFRS purposes. A special purpose entity (SPE) that was not previously consolidated under [country] GAAP is being consolidated to meet the requirement of IFRS. Trade accounts receivable related to this entity total C2,000 as at 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2009. (b) Appraisal report of property, plant and equipment Management applied the fair value as deemed cost exemption to certain machinery, buildings and land of its subsidiary [name]. The appraisal report of the property, prepared as at 1 January 2009 determined its fair value as C175,000, a C75,000 increase as compared to its carrying amount of C100,000 under [country] GAAP. The increase as at 31 December 2009 was C73,800. (c) Impairment of property, plant and equipment The impairment charge of C50,000 as at 1 January 2009 arose in the manufacturing unit [Factory A], which is the companys manufacturing plant in A Land, following a decision
192 PricewaterhouseCoopers

to reduce the manufacturing output allocated to the operation. Factory A is a cash generating unit (CGU) under IAS 36. The impact on comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2009 was C1,000 due to the recognition of lower depreciation in the year. The recoverable amount of this CGU was estimated based on value-in-use calculation as this was determined to be higher than fair value less costs to sell. These calculations use cash ow projections based on nancial budgets approved by management for a ve-year period. Cash ows beyond the ve-year period are extrapolated using the estimated growth rates stated below. The growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the manufacturing business in which the CGU operates. The following are key assumptions used in the value-in-use calculation:
& & &
Gross margin1 30.0% Growth rate2 1.8% Discount rate3 10.5%
Management determined the budgeted gross margin based on past performance and their expectations for market development. The weighted average growth rates used are consistent with forecasts included in industry reports. The discount rates used are pre-tax and reect specic risks in relation to the relevant CGU. A change in managements gross margin estimate by 10% increase the impairment by C500. If management reduces the growth rate by 10% , impairment would increase by C30. An increase in the discount rate by 10% would increase impairment by C50. (d) Goodwill and negative goodwill Under [country] GAAP, goodwill was being amortised over a period corresponding to its estimated economic recovery. In accordance with IFRS, goodwill is not amortised; it is, instead, tested for impairment annually. The amortisation for the year ended 31 December 2009 was C2,500. Under [country] GAAP, when the amount paid in an acquisition is lower than the carrying amount of the acquired net assets and liabilities, an entity is required to recognise such amount as negative goodwill in the balance sheet (in liabilities) and amortise it over the period considered to justify negative goodwill. In accordance with IFRS, the dierence between the amount paid and the fair value of the acquired net assets and liabilities is recognised in prot or loss immediately. Negative goodwill was C2,950 as at 1 January 2009 and C600 as at 31 December 2009. (e) Pre-operating expenses Under [country] GAAP, up to 31 December 2009 it was the groups accounting practice to capitalise pre-operating expenses in Deferred charges. IFRS prescribes that preoperating expenses cannot be attributed to the cost of property, plant and equipment or the formation of intangible assets and are immediately recognised as expenses. Accordingly, the balances of C1,125 and C750, as at 1 January and 31 December 2009, respectively, and the C375 amortisation recognised in 2009 were adjusted against retained earnings.
1 2 3
Budgeted gross margin. Weighted average growth rate used to extrapolate cash ows after the budget period. Pre-tax discount rate applied to cash ow projections.
193

(f) Tax Changes in deferred tax represent the impact of deferred taxes on the adjustments necessary for the transition to IFRS and total C4,504 as at 1 January 2009 and C8,711 as at 31 December 2009, and C300 in the 2009 income statement. (g) Cumulative translation adjustment The group has elected to reset the cumulative translation adjustment account to zero as at 1 January 2009. Under [country] GAAP, as at this date there was a translation reserve of C3,000 eliminates against retained earnings. Total equity was not changed as a result of this reclassication. (h) Adjustment to pension obligations The group elected to apply IFRS 1 employee benets exemption. Accordingly, cumulative net actuarial losses totaling C1,000 were recognised in retained earnings as at 1 January 2009. Under IFRSs the group accounting policy is to recognise all actuarial gains and losses in other comprehensive income. Under [country] GAAP the company recognised gains and losses in the prot or loss over the employees remaining service period. (i) Hedge accounting exception The group held interest rate swaps at the transition date as hedges of cash ow risk related to the companys variable rate debt instruments. Under [country] GAAP, the swaps were accounted for as hedges. Changes in their fair value were initially recognised in other comprehensive income and transferred to the statement of income as the variable interest expense was recongised on the debt instrument. The method of assessing hedge eectiveness used under [country] GAAP did not qualify these instruments for hedge accounting under IFRS and the group has discontinued hedge accounting on transition to IFRS. As a result, changes in the fair value of the swap occurring after 1 January 2009 under IFRS are recognised directly in prot or loss. An additional amount of C175 corresponding to unrealised losses, was recorded in the IFRS nancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009. (j) Inventory valuation method Under [country] GAAP, the group applied the average cost method to measure inventories. Under IFRS, the group restated its opening balance sheet by retrospectively applying the rst in, rst out (FIFO) method. The impact of this change on inventory valuation was a C400 increase as at 1 January 2009 and C370 as at 31 December 2009. (k) Interest on capital and dividends Under [country] GAAP, interest on capital and dividends are recognised at year-end, even if dividends have not been ocially declared. Under IFRS, a liability for dividends is recognised when they are declared. The amount of C15,736 refers to dividends that were declared after 1 January 2009. The amount of C10,102 as at 31 December 2009 was adjusted for recognition in the following year.
194

(l) Retained earnings Except for the reclassication items, all the adjustments above were recognised against opening retained earnings and other reserves as at 1 January 2009.
195
Appendix VII Forthcoming requirements


Below is a list of standards/interpretations that have been issued and are eective for periods after 1 January 2010.
Topic Amendment to IAS 32, Financial instruments: Presentation Classication of rights issues Key requirements The IASB amended IAS 32 to allow rights, options or warrants to acquire a xed number of the entitys own equity instruments for a xed amount of any currency to be classied as equity instruments provided the entity oers the rights, options or warrants pro rata to all of its existing owners of the same class of its own non-derivative equity instruments. Claries the requirements of IFRSs when an entity renegotiates the terms of a nancial liability with its creditor and the creditor agrees to accept the entitys shares or other equity instruments to settle the nancial liability fully or partially. Provides the same relief to rst-time adopters as was given to current users of IFRSs upon adoption of the amendments to IFRS 7. Also claries the transition provisions of the amendments to IFRS 7. Amends the denition of a related party and modies certain related party disclosure requirements for government-related entities. Removes unintended consequences arising from the treatment of prepayments where there is a minimum funding requirement. Results in prepayments of contributions in certain circumstances being recognised as an asset rather than an expense. IFRS 9 is the rst standard issued as part of a wider Eective date 1 February 2010
IFRIC 19, Extinguishing nancial liabilities with equity instruments
1 July 2010
Amendment to IFRS 1, Firsttime adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards Limited exemption from comparative IFRS 7 disclosures for rsttime adopters IAS 24, Related party disclosures (revised 2009)
1 July 2010
1 January 2011.
Amendment to IFRIC 14, IAS 19 The limit on a dened benet assets, minimum funding requirements and their interaction
1 January 2011
IFRS 9, Financial instruments
1 January 2013
196

Topic IFRS 5 (continued)
Key requirements project to replace IAS 39. IFRS 9 retains but simplies the mixed measurement model and establishes two primary measurement categories for nancial assets: amortised cost and fair value. The basis of classication depends on the entitys business model and the contractual cash ow characteristics of the nancial asset. The guidance in IAS 39 on impairment of nancial assets and hedge accounting continues to apply. Prior periods need not be restated if an entity adopts the standard for reporting periods beginning before 1 January 2012.
Eective date
Improvements to IFRSs 2010 The amendments are generally applicable for annual periods beginning after 1 January 2011 unless otherwise stated. Early application is permitted. IFRS 1, First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (a) Accounting policy changes in the year of adoption Claries that, if a rst-time adopter changes its accounting policies or its use of the exemptions in IFRS 1 after it has published an interim nancial report in accordance with IAS 34, Interim nancial reporting, it should explain those changes and update the reconciliations between previous GAAP and IFRS. (b) Revaluation basis as deemed cost Allows rst-time adopters to use an event-driven fair value as deemed cost, even if the event occurs after the date of transition, but before the rst IFRS nancial statements are issued. When such remeasurement occurs after the date of transition to IFRSs, but during the period covered by its rst IFRS Entities that adopted IFRSs in previous periods are permitted to apply the amendment retrospectively in the rst annual period after the amendment is eective, provided the measurement date is within the period covered by the rst IFRS nancial statements. Applied prospectively.
197

Topic
Key requirements nancial statements, any subsequent adjustment to that event-driven fair value is recognised in equity. (c) Use of deemed cost for operations subject to rate regulation Entities subject to rate regulation are allowed to use previous GAAP carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment or intangible assets as deemed cost on an item-by-item basis. Entities that use this exemption are required to test each item for impairment under IAS 36 at the date of transition.
Eective date
Applied prospectively.
IFRS 3, Business combinations
(a)Transition requirements for contingent consideration from a business combination that occurred before the eective date of the revised IFRS Claries that the amendments to IFRS 7, Financial instruments: Disclosures, IAS 32, Financial instruments: Presentation, and IAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement, that eliminate the exemption for contingent consideration, do not apply to contingent consideration that arose from business combinations whose acquisition dates precede the application of IFRS 3 (as revised in 2008). (b) Measurement of noncontrolling interests The choice of measuring noncontrolling interests at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquirees net assets applies only to instruments that represent present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the net assets in the event of
Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2010. Applied retrospectively.
Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2010. Applied prospectively from the date the entity applies IFRS 3.
198

Topic
Key requirements liquidation. All other components of noncontrolling interest are measured at fair value unless another measurement basis is required by IFRS. (c) Un-replaced and voluntarily replaced sharebased payment awards The application guidance in IFRS 3 applies to all sharebased payment transactions that are part of a business combination, including unreplaced and voluntarily replaced share-based payment awards.
Eective date
Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2010. Applied prospectively.
IFRS 7, Financial instruments
Emphasises the interaction between quantitative and qualitative disclosures about the nature and extent of risks associated with nancial instruments. Claries that an entity will present an analysis of other comprehensive income for each component of equity, either in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes to the nancial statements. Claries that the consequential amendments from IAS 27 made to IAS 21, The eect of changes in foreign exchange rates, IAS 28, Investments in associates, and IAS 31, Interests in joint ventures, apply prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009, or earlier when IAS 27 is applied earlier. Provide guidance to illustrate how to apply disclosure principles in IAS 34 and add disclosure requirements around:
&
1 January 2011. Applied retrospectively.
IAS 1, Presentation of nancial statements
1 January 2011. Applied retrospectively.
IAS 27, Consolidated and separate nancial statements
Applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2010. Applied retrospectively.
IAS 34, Interim nancial reporting
1 January 2011
The circumstances likely to aect fair values of nancial instruments and their classication;
Applied retrospectively.
199

Topic
Key requirements
&
Eective date
Transfers of nancial instruments between dierent levels of the fair value hierarchy; Changes in classication of nancial assets; and Changes in contingent liabilities and assets 1 January 2011
&
&
IFRIC 13, Customer loyalty programmes
The meaning of fair value is claried in the context of measuring award credits under customer loyalty programmes.
200
PricewaterhouseCoopers IFRS and corporate governance publications and tools 2010

IFRS for SMEs publications
IFRS for SMEs pocket guide 2009
Provides a summary of the recognition and measurement requirements in the IFRS for small and medium-sized entities published by the International Accounting Standards Board in July 2009.
IFRS for SMEs Illustrative consolidated financial statements2010

Realistic set of financial statements prepared under IFRS for small and medium entities, illustrating the required disclosure and presentation.
Similarities and differences a comparison of full IFRS and IFRS for SMEs
60-page publication comparing the requirements of the IFRS for small and medium-sized entities with full IFRS issued up to July 2009. An executive summary outlines some key differences that have implications beyond the entitys reporting function.
Corporate governance publications

Audit Committees Good Practices for Meeting MarketExpectations
Provides PwC views on good practice and summarises audit committee requirements in over 40 countries.
World Watch magazine
Global magazine with news and opinion articles on the latest developments and trends in governance, financial reporting, narrative reporting, sustainability and assurance.
Hard copies can be ordered from cch.co.uk/ifrsbooks (unless indicated otherwise) or via your local PricewaterhouseCoopers office. See the full range of our services at www.pwc.com/ifrs
IFRS tools
Comperio Your path to knowledge
Online library of global financial reporting and assurance literature. Contains full text of financial reporting standards of US GAAP and IFRS, plus materials of specific relevance to 10 other territories. Register for a free trial at www.pwccomperio.com
P2P IFRS from principle to practice Interactive IFRS training
PwCs interactive electronic learning tool brings you up to speed on IFRS. Contains 23 hours of learning in 40interactive modules. Up to date as of March2009. For more information, visit www.pwc.com/p2pifrs
PwC inform IFRS online

PwC inform is an online resource for finance professionals globally, covering financial reporting under IFRS and UK GAAP. Use PwC inform to access the latest news, PwC guidance, comprehensive research materials and full text of the standards. The search function and intuitive layout enable users to access all they need for reporting under IFRS. Register for a free trial at www.pwcinform.com Content available on pwcinform.com includes: Accounting & corporate reporting Straight away guidance issued within 48 hours of the release of a draft or final IASB standard/interpretation Technical updates news items added daily on accounting, auditing and regulatory developments Latest developments includes financial reporting diary, summary of recent EDs, DPs, standards and their EU endorsement status IFRS newsletters Full text of standards and interpretations, exposure drafts and discussion papers* including a unique set of versioned IASB standards and interpretations showing all consequential amendments made by other standards and improvements Topic summaries executive guide to accounting issues by topic IFRS Manual of Accounting* PwCs in-depth accounting guidance Questions and answers* by topic and by industry Tools, practice aids and publications: Similarities and differences series of GAAP comparisons, IFRS extracts from accounts*, IFRS disclosure checklists, illustrative accounts, pocket guides, Practical guides to IFRS. Law and regulations* applicable companies legislation on accounting, auditing and other areas Auditing* auditing standards, exposure drafts, discussion papers and other guidance
*Available to subscribers only
About PricewaterhouseCoopers
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Please contact your local PricewaterhouseCoopers office to discuss how we can help you make the change to International Financial Reporting Standards or with technical queries.
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www.pwc.com/ifrs
Illustrative IFRS corporate consolidated financial statements for 2010 year ends
This publication provides an illustrative set of consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), for a fictional manufacturing, wholesale and retail group (IFRS GAAP plc). IFRS GAAP plc is an existing preparer of IFRS consolidated financial statements. This publication is based on the requirements of IFRS standards and interpretations for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2010. Areas in which presentation has changed significantly since 2009 are highlighted. It includes an appendix providing illustrative financial statements relating to IFRS 9, Financial instruments for early adopters; and an appendix providing illustrative financial statements of first-time adopters of IFRS.
Also available: Manual of accounting IFRS 2011 Global guide to IFRS providing comprehensive practical guidance on how to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Includes hundreds of worked examples and extracts from company accounts. The Manual is a three-volume set comprising: Manual of accounting IFRS 2011 Manual of accounting Financial instruments 2011 Illustrative IFRS corporate consolidated financial statements for 2010 year ends. For details of other IFRS publications, please see the inside covers.
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What standards and interpretations does this publication cover?

What standards and interpretations does this publication cover?

Illustrative IFRS corporate consolidated financial statements

for 2010 year ends

Global Accounting Consulting Services PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

121 124 136 148 149 179 196

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Consolidated income statement by function of expense

Continuing operations 1p82(a) Revenue 1p99, 103 Cost of sales

Prot for the year from discontinued operations

Prot for the year Prot attributable to:

1p83(a)(ii) Owners of the parent 1p83(a)(i) Non-controlling interest

1.31 0.01 1.32

0.75 0.01 0.76 0.71 0.01 0.72

1.19 0.01 1.20

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

16p77(f) IFRS7p20 (a)(ii) Available-for-sale nancial assets

Total comprehensive income for the year

Commentary income statement and statement of comprehensive income

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Total comprehensive income.

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

(i) continued operations; and (ii) discontinued operations.

Framework 8 p31 CESR/05178b

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

1p82(e) IFRS5 p33(a)(b)

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Reference IAS1 p82(g) IAS1 p92

Statement of changes in equity and note 20

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Consolidated balance sheet

155,341 26,272 13,373 3,520 17,420 395 2,322 218,643

100,233 20,700 13,244 3,321 14,910 245 1,352 154,005

24,700 19,765 1,950 1,069 11,820 17,928 77,232

18,182 18,330 951 7,972 34,062 79,497 79,497 233,502

IFRS5p38 Assets of disposal group classied as held for sale

25,300 17,144 14,699 67,442 124,585 7,188 131,773

21,000 10,494 7,005 48,681 87,180 1,766 88,946

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

As at 31 December 2010 2009

IFRS5p38 Liabilities of disposal group classied as held-for-sale

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Commentary balance sheet

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Materiality and aggregation

Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010

(15,736) (15,736) (14,894) (13,824) 48,681 87,180

(550) (16,286) (550) (14,374) 1,766 88,946

1p82(g), IFRS7 p20(a)(ii)

1p82(g), IFRS 7p23(c) 1p82(g), 39p102(a) 1p82(g), 21p52(b)

IFRS GAAP plc Illustrative corporate consolidated nancial statements 2010