ASHRAE Duct Design

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007
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ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection
Duct Design
ME 425
Keith E. Elder, P.E.
http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:w3fYl-0YLqYJ:courses.washington.edu/me425/425... 2/12/2010
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Duct Design
The purpose of air conditioning ductwork is to deliver air from the fan to the diffusers which distribute the air to the room. Air Moves Through the Ductwork in Response to a Pressure Difference Created by the Fan The necessary pressure difference will be a function of the way the ductwork is laid out and sized. The objective of duct design is to size the duct so as to minimize the pressure drop through the duct, while keeping the size (and cost) of the ductwork to a minimum. Proper duct design requires a knowledge of the factors that effect pressure drop and velocity in the duct.
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Duct System Pressure

Total Pressure, TP, is Related to the Energy in the Air Stream, and is equal to:
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Stream, and is equal to: TP = Static Pressure + Velocity Pressure Static pressure and velocity pressure increase and decrease as the air proceeds through the ductwork, depending on the cross-sectional area of the flow. The total pressure of the airstream decreases as the air proceeds through the the ductwork due to the conversion of mechanical energy to heat caused by friction
Duct System Pressure
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Velocity Pressure
= V VP 4005
Where:
VP = Velocity Pressure, inches H V = Velocity, feet per minute
Static Pressure Losses

Frictional Losses
Due to fluid viscosity and turbulence in the flow through the ductwork, and occur along the entire length of the ductwork
Dynamic Losses
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Dynamic Losses
Result from flow disturbances caused by fittings that change the airflow direction or area.
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Frictional Loss Calculation

Velocity Reduction Method
Velocity at the fan discharge is pre-selected. The duct system is designed to provide progressively lower duct velocities as the air proceeds from the main duct to the branches.
Static Regain Method
The ducts are sized so the increase in static pressure at each take-off offsets the pressure loss of the succeeding section of ductwork.
Equal Friction Method
The duct is sized to result in a constant pressure loss per unit length of duct.
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Equal Friction Method

Frictional Losses, p, can be approximated:
p = 0 .03 f
L d
1. 22
V 1000
1 .82
Rectangular Ductwork is converted to round:
D
e
130 .
(ab )
0. 625
( a b ) 0 .25 +
Page 5
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Equal Friction Chart
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Maximum Duct Velocity

Controlling Factor Application Noise Generation Main Ducts Residences Apartments Hotel Bedrooms Hospital Bedrooms Private Offices Directors Rooms Libraries Theatres Auditoriums General Offices High Class Restaurants High Class Stores Banks Average Stores Cafeterias Industrial 2500 3000 1800 2200 1500 1800 2000 1500 1600 1200 1500 2000 1500 1600 1200 800 1300 1100 1000 800 1200 2000 1500 1600 1200 1000 1500 1300 1200 1000 600 Controlling Factor - Duct Friction Main Ducts Supply 1000 Return 800 Branch Ducts Supply 600 Return 600
* From Carrier Air System Design Manual
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Approximate Ductwork Cost

Dimension
Up to 12 13 to 30 31 TO 54 55 TO 84 84 and Over
Gauge*
26 24 22 20 18
lb/SF
0.906 1.156 1.406 1.656 2.156
Galvanized Steel = $8.25 per lb**

* Source: Uniform Mechanical Code **Source: Recent bids includes fittings & everything
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Economical Duct Design

Minimize aspect ratio (a/b) Minimize total pounds of sheet metal and Minimize number of reductions (2-inch rule)
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Duct Sizing Exercise

An office space has a sensible peak cooling load of 29,400 Btu/hr. The inside design temperature is 78 F and the supply air temperature is 60F. The duct must be lined and yet fit under the beam shown below and not exceed a friction loss of 0.10 inches per 100 feet. Determine the most economical duct size.
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Dynamic Loss Calculation

p f = C o p v,o
Fitting Loss Exercise

1000 CFM is flowing through a 16 x 12 rectangular duct. 400 CFM flows through an 8 x 12 branch to another room, and the remaining 600 CFM continues along the 12 x 12 main duct.
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What is the pressure drop, in inches of water, through the branch?
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Homework
Read 05F35.1-25 The ductwork shown below will serve several open office spaces. Size the ductwork and calculate the maximum pressure drop. The maximum vertical space is 12 inches and the branch fittings are of the same type as the example in the handout.
30 ft 900 CFM 40 ft FROM FAN 1200 FPM 30 ft 70 ft 40 ft 80 ft 750 CFM
30 ft
1200 CFM
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ASHRAE Duct Design

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What is the purpose of air conditioning ductwork?

What is the purpose of air conditioning ductwork?

What are the factors that affect pressure drop in ducts?

What are the factors that affect pressure drop in ducts?

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Duct System Pressure

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

Duct System Pressure

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

VP = Velocity Pressure, inches H V = Velocity, feet per minute

Static Pressure Losses

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Frictional Loss Calculation

Static Regain Method

Equal Friction Method

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

Equal Friction Method

Rectangular Ductwork is converted to round:

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

Equal Friction Chart

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Maximum Duct Velocity

* From Carrier Air System Design Manual

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

Approximate Ductwork Cost

Galvanized Steel = $8.25 per lb**

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Economical Duct Design

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

Duct Sizing Exercise

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Dynamic Loss Calculation

Fitting Loss Exercise

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

What is the pressure drop, in inches of water, through the branch?

ME 425 - Air Distribution & ASHRAE Outlet Selection

Microsoft PowerPoint - 425-5-Duct Design-2007

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