FR7062 7112 7252 Operator's
FR7062 7112 7252 Operator's
FR7062 7112 7252 Operator's
MARINE RADAR
MODEL
FR-7062/7112/7252
FURUNO Authorized Distributor/Dealer 9-52 Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya 662-8580, JAPAN Telephone : Fax : 0798-65-2111 0798-65-4200
Printed in Japan
*00080819803* *00080819803*
*00080819803*
*OME34590H10* *OME34590H10*
*OME34590H10*
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
DANGER
Stay away from transmitting antenna.
The radar antenna emits microwave radiation which can be harmful to the human body, particularly the eyes. Never look directly into the antenna radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is in operation.
Model
Radiator type
XN12A (4')
1.1 m
0.2 m
Nil
0.5 m 0.4 m
DANGER
Before turning on the radar make sure no one is near the scanner unit. Prevent the potential risk of someone begin struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.
WARNING
Use the proper fuse. Fuse rating is shown in the chapter 5. Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage Do not operate the equipment with wet hands. Electrical shock can result.
WARNING
Do not open the equipment. Improper handling can result in electrical shock. Only qualified personnel shold work inside the equipment. Do not disassemble or modify the equipment. Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result. Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire. Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock. Do not place liquid-filled containers on the top of the equipment. Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment.
CAUTION
No one navigation device should ever be solely replied upon for the navigation of a vessel. Always confirm position against all available aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and crew. The guard alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations. The alarm should never be used as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.
Two warning labels are attached to the display unit and scanner unit. Do not remove these label. If labels are peeling off or are illegible, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.
<Display Unit>
Name: Warning Label (1) Type: 86-003-1011-1 Code no.: 100-236-231
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.
<Scanner Unit>
Name: Radiation Warning Label Type: 03-142-3201-0 Code no.: 100-266-890
WARNING
Radiation hazard. Only qualified personnel should work inside scanner. Confirm that TX has stopped before opening scanner.
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When looking for a SART it is preferable to use either the 6 or 12 nautical mile range scale. This is because the total displayed length of the SART response of 12 (or 24) dots may extend approximately 9.5 nautical miles beyond the position of the SART and it is necessary to see a number of response dots to distinguish the SART from other responses.
SART range errors
When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 n.mile), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as mush as 0.64 n.mile beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.
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FOREWORD
Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FR-7062/7112/7252 Marine Radar. We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability. For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers. Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly operated and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance. We would appreciate hearing from you, the enduser, about whether we are achieving our purposes. Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.
Features
Your radar has a large variety of functions, all contained in a remarkably small cabinet. The main features of the model FR-7062 are Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in a compact, lightweight and low-cost radar. Durable brushless antenna motor. On-screen alphanumeric readout of all operational information. Standard features include EBL (Electronic Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Center, and Echo Trail. Watchman feature periodically transmits the radar to check for radar targets which may have entered the alarm zone. Ships position in latitude and longitude and Loran C TDs, range and bearing to a waypoint, speed, heading, and course can be shown in the bottom text area. (Requires a navigation aid which can output such data in IEC 1162 format.) Zoom feature provided. Auto Plotter ARP-10 (option) acquires and tracks up to 10 targets, and is installed in the display unit. Cursor position data (TLL) can be output to a plotter (option).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ...............................vi v MENU TREE .............................viii vii SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.... .. ix viii 1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar? .................................1-1 1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar ...................................1-1 1.3 How Radar Determines Range ........1-1 1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing ......1-1 1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rotation Speed ................................1-1 1.6 The Radar Display ...........................1-1 3.2 Index Lines ...................................... 3-1 3.3 Suppressing Radar Interference ....... 3-2 3.4 Selecting Pulsewidth ........................ 3-2 3.5 Displaying Navigation Data ............ 3-3 3.6 Echo Trail......................................... 3-4 3.7 Guard Alarm .................................... 3-4 3.8 Watchman ........................................ 3-6 3.9 OTHER MENU Description............ 3-7 3.10 Function Keys ................................ 3-8 3.11 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers .... 3-8 3.12 Suppressing Second-Trace Echoes 3-8 3.13 Suppressing Noise ......................... 3-8 3.14 Outputting Target Position ............. 3-8 3.15 Tuning the Receiver ....................... 3-8
2. BASIC OPERATION
2.1 Control Description .........................2-1 2.2 Display Indications and Markers .....2-2 2.3 Turning the Radar On/Off ................2-3 2.4 Transmitting .....................................2-3 2.5 Stand-by ...........................................2-3 2.6 Selecting the Range .........................2-4 2.7 Adjusting Picture Brilliance .............2-4 2.8 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity ........2-4 2.9 Adjusting the A/C SEA Control (reducing sea clutter) .......................2-4 2.10 Adjusting the A/C RAIN Control (reducing rain clutter) ......................2-5 2.11 Selecting the Presentation Mode ....2-6 2.12 Erasing the Heading Marker, North Marker ..................................2-6 2.13 Magnifying Long Range Echoes (echo stretch) ...................................2-6 2.14 Measuring the Range .....................2-7 2.15 Measuring the Bearing ...................2-7 2.16 Using the Offset EBL ....................2-8 2.17 Shifting (off centering) the Picture 2-9 2.18 Zoom ..............................................2-9
4. FALSE ECHOES
4.1 Multiple Echoes ............................... 4-1 4.2 Side-lobe Echoes ............................. 4-1 4.3 Indirect Echoes ................................ 4-2 4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors ............... 4-2
6. ARP-10 (OPTION)
6.1 General ............................................. 6-2 6.2 Keys Used for Auto Plotter .............. 6-2 6.3 Activating the Auto Plotter .............. 6-3 6.4 Manual Acquisition .......................... 6-4 6.5 Automatic Acquisition ..................... 6-4 6.6 Terminating Tracking of Targets ...... 6-5 6.7 Displaying Target Data .................... 6-5 6.8 Mode and Length of Vectors ............ 6-6
3. ADVANCED OPERATION
3.1 Basic Menu Operation .....................3-1
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MENU TREE
MENU KEY
RINGS (Off, 1, 2, 3, max) INDEX LINE (Off, On) DISP DATA (NAV, Auto plotter, NAV and Auto plotter) INT REJECT (Off, On) ARP-10 MENU OTHER MENU
1. Panel Dimmer (1, 2, 3, 4) 2. Mark Brill (1, 2, 3, 4) 3. HD Mark (1, 2, 3, 4) 4. Characters (1, 2, 3, 4) 5. Trail Tone (Single, Multi) 6. Pulselength (Short, Long) 7. Noise Reject (Off, On) 8. Trail Time (15sec, 30sec, 1min, 3min, 6min, 15min, 30min, Cont) 9. Tune (Auto, Manual) 10. WPT Mark (Off, On) 11. EBL Ref (Rel, True) 12. VRM Unit (nm, km, sm) 13. Watchman (Off, 5min, 10min, 20min) 14. STBY Disp (Norm, Econo, Nav) 15. Guard Mode (In, Out) 16. Own Position (L/L, TD) 17. Cursor Posi (B/R, L/L) 18. Alm Sense LV (Low, Mid, High) 19. Dead Sector (Off, On) 20. Range (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 64, 72, 96)* 21. 2nd Rej (Off, On) 22. Self Test 23. Installation Setup
1. Display 2. All Cancel 3. Vector Ref 4. Vector Length 5. History 6. CPA SET 7. TCPA SET 8. AUTO ACQ (With ARP-10 only.)
= Default setting *Maximum range FR-7062: 64 FR-7112: 72 FR-7252: 96 : Not available on N-type radar.
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SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Scanner Unit
FR-7062 XN12A-RSB-0070-059 XN13A-RSB-0070-059 XN12A-RSB-0073-059 FR-7112 XN12A-RSB-0072-060 XN13A-RSB-0072-060 XN12A-RSB-0073-060 FR-7252 XN12A-RSB-0072-061 XN13A-RSB-0072-061 XN12A-RSB-0073-061
Navigation device
Display Unit
FR-7062/7112: RDP-122 FR-7252: RDP-123
*Equivalent to NMEA 0183 Option RU-1746B-2 is available for FR-7252 using XN12A (48 rpm) and XN13A. # Available with 24 rpm antenna only.
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1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar?
The term RADAR is an acronym meaning RAdio Detection And Ranging. Although the basic principles of radar were developed during World War II, echoes as an aid to navigation is not a new development.
1-1
Targets
Heading marker
Range and bearing of a target, relative to own ship, are readable on the PPI.
B C
B C
1-2
2. BASIC OPERATION
2.1 Control Description
Turns power on. Press together with [STBY/TX] key to turn power off.
POWER
GAIN
Alternates between stand-by and transmit. NAV data and ARPA data can be displayed individually or together.* Suppresses electrical noise.*
HM OFF(PUSH)
OFF STBY TX
ECONOMY
(Control) Adjusts sensitivity of radar receiver. (Switch) Temporarily erases heading marker (and north marker if displayed). (Control) Reduces sea clutter. (Switch) Automatically reduces sea and rain clutters. (Control) Reduces rain clutters. (Switch) Enlarges echoes.
A/C SEA
A/C AUTO(PUSH)
A/C RAIN
F1
ES(PUSH)
F2
Selects radar range. Adjusts display brilliance. (Long press) Doubles size of area between your vessel and location selected by cursor. (Short press) Shifts your vessel's position to cursor location. Displays target movement in afterglow. Turns corresponding EBL on/off.
SELECT CANCEL
RANGE
BRILL
SHIFT ZOOM ECHO TRAIL
MODE
GUARD ALARM EBL OFFSET
Selects presentation mode among HU, CU, NU, and TM. Sets/cancels guard alarm; silences audible alarm. Measures range and bearing between two targets; predicts collision course. Turns corresponding VRM on/off. (Long press) Outputs target data position data to plotter. (Short press) Alternately displays cursor position display in lat/long or bearing/range. (Functuion is available when nav data is not displayed.) Opens/closes menus. Trackball (1) Shifts cursor, EBL and VRM. (2) Sets guard zone. (3) Selects items and options on menu. (4) Shifts origin of EBL and VRM.
EBL 1
VRM 1
EBL 2
VRM 2
TLL
(Long press) Terminates plotting of the target selected with cursor. (Short press) Displays the data of target selected with the cursor. (1) Acquires the target selected with the cursor. (2) Registers selection on menus.
ACQ ENTER
MENU
2-1
0. 125NM
0. 0625 SP HU RM
2ND ECHO
HDG 234.5
TRAIL
25 : 38 30min
EBL2 (P.2-7) Guard zone area (P.3-4) EBL1 (P.2-7) Range ring (P.2-7) VRM1 (P.2-7) VRM2 (P.2-7) Index lines (P.3-1) Cursor (P.2-7) North marker (P.2-6)
13.5 R
0.142NM
Interference rejector (P.3-2) Cursor bearing (P.2-8) Cursor range (P.2-7) VRM1 range (P.2-7) VRM2 range (P.2-7)
2-2
2.5 Stand-by
When you wont be using the radar for an extended period, but you want to keep it in a state of readiness, place it in stand-by by pressing the [STBY/TX] key. The display shows STBY, (default setting) navigation data, or goes into the economy mode. (You can select stand-by condition on the menu. More on menu operation later.) Economy mode The CRT can be set to automatically turn itself off when in stand-by, to reduce power consumption. This feature is called the economy mode. When the economy mode is on, the ECONOMY indication under the [STBY/TX] key lights. Navigation data display during stand-by If a navigation aid inputs navigation data to this radar, navigation data can be displayed during stand-by. You can turn the navigation data display on/off through the menu. Figure 2-3 shows a typical navigation data display during standby.
2.4 Transmitting
After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up, STBY (Stand-By) appears at the screen center. This means the radar is now fully operational. Press the [STBY TX] key to transmit. When transmitting, any echoes from targets appear on the display. This radar displays echoes in eight tones of green according to echo strength.
SPEED
TRIP
Speed Depth
DEPTH
10.5 125
ST-BY
000.3 nm
kt m
TEMPERATURE
+17.3
E
Course
BRG RNG
45.0 M 12.0NM
OWN SHIP
S Ship's position in latitude and longitude and Loran TDs Cross Track Error " " shows direction and amount of error.
XTE R 0.3NM
L XTE
XTE
1.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
2-3
Note 1:Availability of a particular display item depends on incoming data. Note 2:When Range to Waypoint reaches 0.1 nm, the WPT mark jumps to dead ahead even though a difference may exist between heading and BRG to WPT. Note 3:When cross track error exceeds 1 nm on either side, the XTE mark starts blinking.
2-4
Adjusting the A/C SEA control The proper setting of the A/C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the control is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if it is set too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward. 1. Confirm that the sensitivity is properly adjusted, and then transmit on short range. 2. Adjust the [A/C SEA] control so small targets are distinguishable but some clutter remains on the display.
Figure 2-4 How to adjust the A/C SEA control Tip for adjusting the A/C SEA A common mistake is to over-adjust the circuit so all the clutter is removed. As an example set up for maximum A/C SEA. You will see how the center of the display becomes dark. This dark zone can be dangerous (targets may be missed), especially if the sensitivity is not properly adjusted. Always leave a little clutter visible on the display to be sure weak echoes will not be suppressed. If there is no clutter visible on the display, turn off the circuit.
Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the [A/C RAIN] control can be used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navi gating in confined waters. However, with the circuit activated the receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the circuit when its function is not required.
Automatic adjustments of A/C SEA and A/C RAIN Push the [A/C SEA (A/C AUTO)] control. A/ C AUTO appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display when the A/C AUTO circuit is on. You can fine tune by adjusting the [A/C SEA], [A/C RAIN] and [GAIN] controls.
CAUTION
Turn off the A/C SEA control when its use is not required; the control can erase weak targets.
2-5
ally mask a target. To view the target, you can temporarily erase the heading marker and north marker by pressing and holding down the [GAIN (HM OFF)] control. Release the control to re-display the markers.
Heading marker
North marker
Head-up The picture is oriented so the heading marker is at the top of the display. This mode is useful for navigation in congested waters. Course-up The Course-up mode shows ships heading by the heading marker, at the top of the display. To get heading desired, steer vessel in direction desired, and then show CU RM at the top lefthand corner of the display. North-up North is at the top of the display and the heading marker moves with ships heading. This mode is useful for determining ships position and as a navigation monitor on a nautical chart. The picture is stabilized against yaw of vessel, thereby reducing smear of target echoes. Bearing signal is required from a heading sensor. True motion True motion displays own ship and moving objects in their true motion. Bearing signal and speed signal are required from heading sensor and speed sensor.
Range direction
Echo stretch 1
Echo stretch 2
2-6
You can measure the range to a target three ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Range Marker). Measuring range by range rings Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring. To turn the rings on or off, see the menu operation later (Chapter 3). Measuring range by cursor Operate the trackball to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the target echo, The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears at the bottom of the display. Measuring by VRM 1. Press either [VRM 1] or [VRM 2] key. The readout of the active marker is circumscribed.
6.0 NM 2.0
VRM1 VRM2
Cursor range
4.0 NM
Figure 2-8 Display bottom, showing location of EBL and VRM readouts 2. Operate the trackball to place the outside edge of the VRM on the inside edge of the target. The trackball must be operated within five seconds after pressing a [VRM] key, otherwise the corresponding VRM cannot be operated. Press the [VRM] key again to adjust the VRM. 3. Check the VRM readout at the bottom righthand corner of the display to find the range to the target. 4. To anchor the VRM, press the [VRM] key again. To erase the VRM, press and hold down the corresponding [VRM] key about two seconds.
1. Press the [EBL 1] or [EBL 2] key. 2. Operate the trackball to bisect the target with the EBL. The trackball must be operated within five seconds after pressing an [EBL] key, otherwise the corresponding EBL cannot be operated. Press the [EBL] key again to adjust the EBL. 3. Check the EBL readout at the bottom lefthand corner of the display to find the bearing to the target. 4. To anchor the EBL, press the corresponding [EBL] key again. To erase the EBL and its readout, press and hold down the corresponding [EBL] key about two seconds.
2-7
6.0 NM 2.0
5. Operate the trackball to pass EBL1 through the center of the target.
Target Cursor EBL1 EBL2
If the target tracks along the EBL towards the center of the display (your vessels position), the target may be on a collision course. To cancel the offset EBL, press the [EBL OFFSET] key.
6.0 NM 2.0 EBL1 origin (initial position of target) Target moved here.
Cursor Bearing
EBL1 bearing
EBL 70.0 R
VRM 6.0 NM
VRM1 range
Tips for measuring bearing Bearing measurements of smaller targets are more accurate; the center of larger target pips is not as easily identified. Bearings of stationary or slower moving targets are more accurate than bearings of faster moving targets. To minimize bearing errors keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by changing the range scale; angular difference becomes difficult to resolve as a target approaches the center of the display.
Figure 2-11 Predicting collision course by using the offset EBL Measuring range and bearing between two targets The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing between target A and target B in Figure 2-12. 1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the center of target A. 2. Press the [EBL 1] key to turn on EBL1. 3. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key. EBL1s origin shifts to cursor location. 4. Press the [EBL 1] key. 5. Operate the trackball to bisect target B with EBL1. Check the EBL1 readout to find the bearing between target A and target B. 6. Press the [VRM 1] key to turn on VRM1. Operate the trackball to place the outside edge of VRM1 on the inside edge of target B. Check the VRM readout to find the range between target A and target B.
2-8
2.18 Zoom
The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area between your vessel and any location within the current range to take a closer look at an area of interest. 1. Select location with the cursor. 2. Press and hold down the [SHIFT/ZOOM] key about two seconds. ZOOM appears at the top right corner when the zoom function is on.
VRM1
EBL1 bearing
70.0 R
VRM 4.5 NM
VRM1 range
Figure 2-12 Measuring the range and bearing between two targets by using the offset EBL
Cursor Cursor
Cursor
Cursor
Figure 2-13 Shifting the picture Cancelling shifted picture Press the [SHIFT/ZOOM] key again.
2-9
3. ADVANCED OPERATION
3.1 Basic Menu Operation
The menu mostly contains less-often used functions which once preset do not require regular adjustment. To open or close the menu, press the [MENU] key. You can select items on the menu with the trackball. The complete menu appears at begining of this manual. 1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu.
SSel by T-ball & press ENT.S RINGS INDEX LINE DISP DATA ARP-10 MENU INT REJECT OTHER MENU
Index lines
EBL2
Figure 3-1 Main menu 2. Operate the trackball to select the item. For example, select RINGS. A message appears at the bottom of the menu window. 3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select setting. Each time this key is pressed, the message changes. For the RINGS menu, the message sequence is as shown below.
Figure 3-3 Index lines Turning the index lines on/off 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select INDEX LINE by the trackball. 3. Select Index Line on by pressing the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to confirm. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
PI indication appears next to EBL at the left bottom corner of the screen. To turn the index lines off, select Index Line off and press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. Rotating the index lines 1. Press the [EBL 2] key to activate EBL2.
Figure 3-2 Messages for RINGS menu 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3-1
TX
Figure 3-4 Radar interference Four levels of interference are available, including off; IR1, IR2, IR3 and OFF. IR3 provides the highest level of rejection. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Select INT REJECT and press the [ACQ/ ENTER] key. 3. Select level desired by pressing the [ACQ/ ENTER] key. 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. IR and level selected appears at the bottom right corner on the display when the interference rejection circuit is turned on.
2 2 2 2 Multi Long On 30sec 15min Manual On True km 5min Econo Out TD L/L Med On
1/2 3/4
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
1min 30min
Cont
sm 10min Nav
20min 20min
Hig 1 1.5
1/4
* * * 12 16 24 36 48 64 72 96
Off
On
: Not displayed on N-type radar; VRM unit is fixed for nm. *Max. range is; FR-7062: 64 FR-7112: 72 FR-7252: 96
Figure 3-5 OTHER MENU 3. Select 6. Pulselength by operating the trackball. 4. Select Short or Long by operating the trackball. 5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3-2
To turn navigation data on or off Press the [F1] key if its function is set for DISP DATA (default setting), or select DATA DISP on the menu.
0. 125NM
0.0625 SP HU RM
HDG 234.5
Waypoint Mark
13.5 R
0.142NM
Navigation Data
3-3
Changing trail attributes Trail gradation and trail time can be selected on the OTHER MENU. Table 3-1 Trailing attributes
Items in OTHERS menu
Description Trails can be shown in single or multiple gradations. Multiple paints trails getting thinner with time just like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.
Single Multiple
Trail Tone
Trail Time
Trails can be set for 15 sec., 30sec., 1min., 3min., 6min., 15min., 30min., or continuous.
Fixed time trail 1. When the elapsed time clock counts up to the trail time selected, the elapsed time display freezes. 2. The oldest portions of trails are erased so only the latest trail, equal in length to the trail time selected, is shown. 3. Trail continues. For example, the one minute trail time is selected. When the elapsed time clock counts up to 60 seconds, the elapsed time display freezes at 60, but the latest one minute of trail is erased and then trail continues. Continuous trail The maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time the elapsed time display is reset to zero and trail begins again. Cancelling echo trail Press the [ECHO TRAIL] key again.
3-4
Asterisk blinking
* G (IN) A
Figure 3-8 In and Out alarm Setting a guard zone Preparation 1. Press the [MENU] key, and then select OTHER MENU, and press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 2. Select 15. Guard Mode and In (alarm on target entering zone) or Out (alarm on target exiting zone) by operating the trackball. 3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. To set a guard zone 1. Mentally create the guard zone you want to set. For example, the guard zone shown in Figure 3-9 (1). 2. Operate the trackball to set the cursor on point A or B. Press the [GUARD ALARM] key. *G (IN) or *G (OUT), with asterisk blinking, appears at the top right-hand corner of the display. See Figure 3-9 (2). (The asterisk indicates the guard zone is partially set.) 3. Operate the trackball to set the cursor on point C or D. See Figure 3-9 (3). 4. Press the [GUARD ALARM] key. The asterisk disappears. See Figure 3-9 (4).
(2) Drag cursor to top left corner of zone and press [GUARD ALARM].
G (IN)
C
Drag cursor here.
(3) Drag cursor to bottom right corner of zone and press [GUARD ALARM].
Figure 3-9 How to set the guard zone Silencing the audible alarm Any radar targets violating the guard zone will trigger the audible alarm. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [GUARD ALARM] key. When this is done, G(ACKN) replaces G(IN). This means the alarm is acknowledged. Press the key again to reactivate the alarm. Cancelling the guard zone and alarm Press and hold down the [GUARD ALARM] key until the guard zone disappears.
3-5
Notes on the guard alarm The alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations. When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range, the guard zone disappears and G (IN) or G (OUT) appears in inverse video. If this happens, raise range to re-display the guard zone. A target echo does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or surface objects but can imply returns from sea surface or precipitation. As the level of these returns varies with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.
Turning on watchman 1. Create a guard zone (usually 360 degrees) with the guard alarm function. 2. Press the [MENU] key. 3. Select OTHER MENU. 4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 5. Select 13. Watchman. 6. Operate the trackball to select watchman rest period; 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 20 minutes. 7. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. WATCHMAN appears at the top of the screen, the radar transmits for one minute to check for targets inside the guard zone, and then the CRT shuts off and the radar goes into standby. Cancelling watchman Go into the OTHER MENU , and set 13. Watchman for off.
Note 1:Watchman can be used without a guard zone. Note 2:The alarm sounds just before the radar starts and stops transmitting.
3.8 Watchman
The watchman function periodically transmits the radar for one minute to check for targets in a guard zone. If it finds change in the zone from the previous transmission the audible alarm sounds and the radar transmits continuously. This feature is useful when you do not need the radars function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area.
Tx 1 min Watchman starts. St-by 5, 10 or 20 min Tx 1 min St-by 5, 10 or 20 min
Figure 3-10 How watchman works How watchman works When the time selected for the watchman rest period has elapsed, the radar automatically transmits for one minute to check the condition inside the guard zone. If there is no change, the radar goes into stand-by (WATCHMAN appears during stand-by.) If there is change, the radar sounds the audible alarm, cancels the watchman function and transmits continuously.
3-6
Item 1. Panel Dimmer 2. Mark Brill 3. HD Mark 4. Characters* 5. Trail Tone 6. Pulselength 7. Noise Reject 8. Trail Time 9. Tune
Description Selects level of panel backlight. Selects brilliance of VRM, EBL, cursor, guard zone and WP marks. Selects brilliance of heading marker. Selects brilliance of characters. Selects gradations of echo trails. Selects pulselength for 1.5 and 3 mile ranges. Select On to reject noise. Selects the trail time. Selects automatic or manual tuning. To tune manually; 1. Select Manual by the trackball. 2. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to enable manual tuning. 3. While pressing and holding down the [GAIN] control, operate the trackball. (adjustment range; FR7062:1.0-11.9V, FR7112/7252:1.0-32 V) 4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. MANUAL appears at the top right-hand corner when manual tuning is in effect. Selects On to display the waypoint mark. Selects EBL reference for relative or true. Selects distance unit of VRM and cursor for nm, km or sm. Turns watchman on (set rest period) or off. Selects the condition at stand-by; display STBY or navigation data, or go into the economy mode. Selects condition which triggers guard alarm; in or out. Displays the own ship's position in lat/long or Loran C TDs. (Requires NAV data.) Displays the cursor position in range/bearing or lat/long. Selects minimum echo strength which triggers guard alarm. Select On to display the dead sector, which shows the area where the radar is not transmitted. Selects ranges to use. Select On to suppress second-trace echoes. Tests keys, ROM and RAM, checks antenna rotation speed, and displays program no. For technicians.
10. WPT Mark 11. EBL Ref 12. VRM Unit 13. Watchman 14. STBY Disp 15. Guard Mode 16. Own Position 17. Cursor Posi 18. Alm Sense LV 19. Dead Sector 20. Range 21. 2nd Rej 22. Self Test 23. Installation Setup
*: Level 1 and 2 are same brilliance while the menu is displayed. The brilliance changes after the menu is erased. : Can not be selected on N-type radar; VRM unit is fixed for nm.
3-7
NOISE REJECT TUNE A/M WATCH MAN OTHER MENU WPT MARK ARP-10 DISP HIS TORY
Figure 3-10 Function menu 3. Select function desired. 4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
3-8
4. FALSE ECHOES
Occasionally false echoes appear on the screen at positions where there is no target. In some cases the effects can be reduced or eliminated. The operator should familiarize himself or herself with the appearance and effects of these false echoes, so as not to confuse them with echoes from legitimate contacts.
4-1
4.4
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees a blind sector may be produced. Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected. See Figure 4-4.
Vessel taller than wharf Wharf Mast, etc. in path of radar beam
Wharf
Direct path
Target
Heading line
Direct path
Own ship
True echo
True echo
Bridge
Indirect echo
Indirect echo
4-2
CRT
6 months to 1 year
5-1
5.3 Troubleshooting
Table 5-2 contains simple troubleshooting procedures which you can follow to try to restore normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation, do not attempt to check inside any unit of the radar system. Any repair work is best left to a qualified technician. Table 5-2 Troubleshooting table
If... But... Then...
you pressed the the control panel does try adjusting the control panel back[POWER] key to turn not light lighting on the OTHERS menu. on the radar battery may have discharged. check fuse in power cable. nothing appears on the display or display contrast is poor characters are distorted the radar has warmed up and you pressed the [STBY TX] key to transmit you have adjusted the gain with A/C RAIN and A/C SEA off the scanner does not rotate characters and indications are abnormal neither noise nor targets appear (indications and markers do) try adjusting the brilliance.
request service. the problem may be in scanner unit. Request service. have a qualified technician check the set. check signal cable for damage.
neither indications nor check signal cable for damage. markers appear (noise and targets do) the sweep (radial line sweeping around the display) is not synchronized with scanner rotation there is no change in sensitivity a key is pressed nothing happens the problem may be in the scanner unit. Request service.
5-2
6. ARP-10 (OPTION)
WARNING
No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense. This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked. A target does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.
CAUTION
The plotting accuracy and response of this auto plotter meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following: Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.) The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 1530 seconds for high relative speed; 3060 seconds for low relative speed. Display accuracy is affected by the following: Echo intensity Radar transmission pulsewidth Radar bearing error Gyrocompass error Course change (own ship or target)
6-1
6.1 General
The Auto Plotter ARP-10 is an optional circuit board which is accommodated in the display unit of the FR-7062 radar. The Auto Plotter permits manual or automatic acquisition and automatic tracking of up to 10 radar targets. An internal microprocessor calculate target data such as speed and course and displays the results in alphanumeric and by vectors. To ensure the reliability of the displayed target data, the radar must be properly adjusted for minimum sea returns and noise. Principal specifications Acquisition and tracking Acquisition of up to 10 targets between 0.2 and 16 nm. Automatic tracking of up to 10 acquired targets between 0.1 and 16 nm. Vectors Vector length: 30 s, 1, 3, 6, 15, 30 min. Orientation: True velocity or relative velocity Past positions 5 past positions at intervals of 15, 30 s, 1, 2, 3, 6 min. Alarm Visual and audible alarms against targets violating CPA/TCPA limits; visual alarm against lost targets. Target discrimination A target measuring about 800 m or more in the radial or circumferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller than about 800 m are regarded as true targets.
NOTICE
Heading data required for plotting function.
TCPA Set: Selects TCPA alarm limit. Auto ACQ: Turns on/off Auto Acquisition Area.
6-2
[ ARP MENU ] Select item by T-ball and press ENTER key. Off Rel 3min Off 2min Off 3nm 30sec 4min Off 6min 15sec 3min 0.5nm 5nm 1min 5min On True 30sec 15min 30sec 6min 1nm 6nm 2min 6min On
SP HU RM
Threatening target Target selected for data reading (large square) Auto Acquisition Area
Lost Target
13.5R
0.142NM
6-3
Deactivating the auto plotter 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Open the ARP-10 MENU. 3. Operate the trackball to select the 1. Display. 4. Operate the trackball to select Off. 5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Note 3: When auto acquisition mode (Auto ACQ) is on, up to five targets can be acquired. For details, see 6.5 Automatic Acquision.
WARNING
When a tracked target nears another tracked target, the targets may be "swapped." When two targets come close to each other, one of the two can become a "lost target." Should this happen, reacquisition of the "lost target" is required after the two targets have separated.
3 minutes after acquisition - Plot symbol changes to a solid circle indicating the stable tracking condition.
LARGE SQUARE
The plot symbol of a target being tracked becomes twice as large as the normal symbol when the target is selected for data reading.
Note 1: The target to be acquired should be within 0.2 to 16 nm from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter. Note 2: When you want to acquire 11th target, cancel tracking one of less important targets.
Figure 6-4 Auto acquisition area Follow the steps below to activate the auto acquisition area. 1. Open the ARP-10 MENU. 2. Select 8. Auto ACQ by operating the trackball. 3. Operate the trackball to select On. 4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
6-4
Place the cursor on a wanted target and press the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. Data on the selected target is displayed at the bottom of the screen. The symbol of the selected target gets twice as large as the normal circle. The data includes the following; RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to the last-plotted or selected target position with suffix T (True) or M (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix T is used in case of gyrocompass input and suffix M is used in case of magnetic compass input.
Note: M is not displayed on N-type radar.
COURSE/SPEED (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the last-plotted or selected target with suffix T (True) or M (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix T is used in case of gyrocompass input and suffix M is used in case of magnetic compass input.
Note: M is not displayed on N-type radar.
CPA (Closest Point of Approach): The closest range a target will approach to own ship. Do not confuse it with the operator preset CPA alarm limit. TCPA: The time to CPA measured with present speeds of own ship and the targets. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated. When a target ship has passed clear of own ship, the CPA is displayed and the TCPA appears as **.*. TCPA is counted up to 99.9 min. and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA>99.9 min.
6-5
Provided that this feature is used correctly, it will help prevent the risk of collision by alerting you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP10 is set up so that it can track targets effectively. CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.
Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA/ TCPA alarm ranges: 1. Open the ARP-10 MENU. 2. On the CPA Set line, select a CPA limit desired. (Off, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 nm) 3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 4. On the TCPA Set line, select a TCPA limit desired. (30s, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12M) 5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector remains on the screen until the dangerous situation is no longer present or you intentionally terminate tracking of the target by using the [SELECT/CANCEL] key. Lost target alarm When the system detects a loss of a tracked target, the target symbol becomes a flashing diamond.
6-6
*550 Hz on 48 nm to 72 nm range, or 500 Hz on 96 nm range (3) Range Resolution (4) Bearing Discrimination (5) Minimum Range (6) Bearing Accuracy (7) Range Ring Accuracy 2. SCANNER UNIT (1) Radiator (2) Polarization (3) Antenna Rotation Speed (4) Radiator Length (5) Horizontal Beamwidth (6) Vertical Beamwidth (7) Sidelobe Attenuation XN12A: XN13A: Within 20 of main-lobe: less than -24 dB Outside 20 of main-lobe: less than -30 dB Within 10 of main-lobe: less than -24 dB Outside 10 of main-lobe: less than -30 dB 3. TRANSCEIVER MODULE (1) Frequency (2) Modulation (3) Peak Output Power (4) Modulator 9410 MHz 30MHz (X band) P0N FR-7062: 6 kW, FR-7112: 12 kW, FR-7252: 25 kW FET Switching Method Slotted waveguide array Horizontal 24 rpm nominal: XN12A (100 kt max.), XN13A (100 kt max.) 48 rpm nominal: XN12A (70 kt max.) XN12A:120 cm, XN13A: 180 cm XN12A: 1.9, XN13A: 1.2 22 Better than 20 m XN12A: within 1.9, XN13A: within 1.2 25 m (0.25 NM range) Within 1 0.9 % of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater
SP - 1
(5) Intermediate Frequency (6) Tuning (7) Receiver Front End (8) Bandwidth (9) Duplexer 4. DISPLAY UNIT (1) Indication System (2) Picture Tube
60 MHz Automatic or manual (for manual, select manual tuning on menu and tune by trackball) MIC (Microwave IC) Tx pulselength 0.08 Tx pulselength 0.8 s and 0.3 s: 3 MHz s: 25 MHz
PPI Daylight display, raster scan, 8 colors 12 inch rectangular (184 mm x 245 mm) monochrome CRT effective display area more than 180 mm
(3) Range, Range Interval, Number of Rings (range max. FR-7062: 64 nm, FR-7112: 72 nm, FR-7252: 96 nm) Range (NM) 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 1 4 6 2 3 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 72 96 2 4 3 4 4 4 6 12 12 16 18 24 4 3 4 4 4 4 Ring Interval (NM) 0.0625 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 Number of Rings (4) Markers 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3
Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings, Variable Range Marker (VRM1, VRM2), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL1, EBL2), Tuning Bar, Cursor, Parallel Cursor, Alarm Zone, Waypoint Mark (navigation input required), North Mark (heading sensor input required)
(5) Alphanumeric Indications Range, Range Ring Interval, Pulselength(SP, MP, LP), Display Mode(HU, CU, NU, TM), Interference Rejection(IR1, IR2, IR3), Variable Range Marker(VRM1, VRM2), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL1, EBL2), Automatic A/C SEA (A/C AUTO), Stand-by (ST-BY), Radar Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT), G(ACKN)), Echo Stretch (ES1, ES2), Cursor Range, Bearing or L/L Position, Echo Tailing (TRAIL), Trailing Time, Trailing Elapsed Time, Navigation Data(navigation input required), Heading (HDC, heading sensor input required) (6) Input Data Own ships position: Speed: Heading (True): NMEA0183 (Ver.1.5/2.0), current loop GGA>RMC>RMA>GLL (GLL is available Ver.1.5 only) RMC>RMA>VTG>VHW HDT>HDG*1>HDM*1>VHW>VHW*1
SP - 2
Heading (Magnetic): Course (True): Course (Magnetic): Waypoint(Range, Bearing): Loran time difference: Water depth: Water temperature: Time: XTE: (7) Output Data
HDM>HDG*1>HDT*1>VHW>VHW*1 RMC>RMA>VTG VTG>RMC>RMA RMB>BWC>BWR RMA>GLC>GTD DPT>DBT>DBK>DBS MTW>MDA ZDA RMB>XTE>APB *1: calculate by magnetic drift. NMEA0183(Ver.1.5/2.0), RS-422 TLL (target data) and RSD
5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (1) Ambient Temperature (2) Relative Humidity (3) Waterproofing Scanner Unit Display Unit IPX6 Chassis: not specified Panel: IPX4 6. POWER SUPPLY & POWER CONSUMPTION (1) Power Supply (2) Voltage and Current FR-7062 XN12A(24rpm): 12 VDC/7.8A, 24VDC/3.9A, 32VDC/2.9A(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 12 VDC/8.8A, 24VDC/4.4A, 32VDC/3.3A(70 kt) XN13A(24rpm): 12VDC/10A, 24VDC/5A, 32VDC/3.8A(100 kt) FR-7112 XN12A(24rpm): 12 VDC/8.6A, 24VDC/4.3A, 32VDC/3.2A(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 12 VDC/10A, 24VDC/5A, 32VDC/3.8A(70 kt) XN13A(24rpm): 12 VDC/10.8A, 24VDC/5.4A, 32VDC/4.1A(100 kt) FR-7252 XN12A(24rpm): 24VDC/5.2A, 32VDC/3.9A(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 24VDC/5.8A, 32VDC/4.4A(70 kt) XN13A(24rpm): 24VDC/6.3A, 32VDC/4.7A(100 kt) (3) Power Consumption FR-7062 XN12A(24rpm): 70 W to 90 W(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 85 W to 105 W(70 kt) FR-7062/7112: 12/24/32 VDC (10.8 to 41.6 VDC) FR-7252: 24/32 VDC (21.6 to 41.6 VDC) Scanner Unit: -25C to +70C Display Unit: -15C to +55C 95 % or less at +40C
SP - 3
XN13A(24rpm): 80 W to 120 W(100 kt) FR-7112 XN12A(24rpm): 85 W to 100 W(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 95 W to 120 W(70 kt) XN13A(24rpm): 90 W to 130 W(100 kt) FR-7252 XN12A(24rpm): 105 W to 125 W(100 kt) XN12A(48rpm): 120 W to 140 W(70 kt) XN13A(24rpm): 115 W to 150 W(100 kt) 7. DIMENSIONS AND MASS See Outline Drawings 8. CORTING COLOR (1) Display Unit (2) Scanner Unit Panel: N3.0 Chassis: 2.5GY5/1.5 N9.5
9. COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE (1) Display Unit (2) Scanner Unit FR-7062/7112 FR-7252 Standard: 1.0 m Standard: 1.7 m Steering: 0.8 m Steering: 1.3 m Standard: 1.1 m Steering: 0.8 m
10. ARP MODULE (OPTION) (1) Acquisition Range (2) Tracking Range (4) Acquisition Time (5) Alarm Timing (6) Vector Length (7) Plotting Interval (8) Numeric Data Indication 0.2 to 16 NM 0.1 to 16 NM Within 5 sec (scanner rotation: 24 rpm) Lost target (blink mark, collision alert) 30 sec; 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 min (selected on menu) 15, 30 sec; 1, 2, 3 or 6 min (selected on menu) Distance, Bearing, Course, Speed, CPA, TCPA
SP - 4
Index
A
Acquisition ............................................... A/C RAIN ................................................ A/C SEA ................................................ ARPA ....................................................... 6-4 2-5 2-4 6-2
O
OTHER MENU ...................................... 3-7 Offcenter ................................................. 2-9 Offset EBL ............................................... 2-8
P
Presentation Mode .................................. Preventitive Maintenance ....................... Program No. ............................................ Pulsewidth ............................................... Pulselength ............................................. 2-6 5-1 5-3 2-4 2-4
B
Bearing .................................................... 2-7 Blind Sectors ........................................... 4-4 Brilliance........................................... 2-4, 3-8
C
Course Up ............................................... 2-6 CPA/TCPA alarm ..................................... 6-6 Cursor ..................................................... 2-7
R
Range ...................................................... 2-4 Range Ring ............................................. 2-4
E
EBL ........................................................ Echo Stretch............................................ Echo Trail .............................................. Echonomy Mode ..................................... 2-7 2-6 3-4 2-3
S
SART .......................................................... iii Second-trace echoes .............................. 3-8 Self Test .................................................. 5-3 Sensitivity ................................................ 2-4 Shadow Sectors ...................................... 4-2 Side-lobe Echoes .................................. 4-1 Stand-by .................................................. 2-3
F
Function Keys ........................................ 3-8 Fuse ........................................................ 5-1
T
TLL .......................................................... Trail tone ................................................. Transmitting ............................................ Troubleshooting .................................... Turning On and Off .................................. 3-8 3-4 2-3 5-2 2-3
G
Gain......................................................... 2-4 Guard Alarm .......................................... 3-4 Guard zone ............................................. 3-4
H
Head Up .................................................. 2-6 Heading Marker....................................... 2-6
V
Vector length ........................................... 6-6 Vector mode ............................................ 6-6 VRM ........................................................ 2-7
I
Index Line................................................ 3-1 Indirect Echoes ....................................... 4-2 Interference ........................................... 3-2
W
Watcnman ............................................... 3-6
L
Lost target alarm ..................................... 6-6
Z
Zoom ....................................................... 2-9
M
Magnetron ............................................. 5-3 Multiple Echoes ....................................... 4-1 MENU TREE ........................................... vii
N
Navigation Data.............................. 2-3, 3-3 Noise ....................................................... 3-8 North Marker ........................................... 2-6 North Up .................................................. 2-6
IN-1