Norwegian

1. BASIC PHRASES
God morgen Good Morning God natt Good Night Vr s snill Please Ja / Nei Yes / No Hvordan har du det? How are you? Hva heter du? What's your name? Hvor kommer du fra? Where are you from? Hvor bor du? Where do you live? Hvor gammel er du? How old are you? Snakker du norsk? Do you speak Norwegian? Hallo / God dag Hello / Good Day Ha det bra Goodbye (Tusen) Takk Thank you (very much) Herr / Fru / Frken Mister / Misses Hvordan gr det? How it's going? Jeg heter... My name is... (I am called...) Jeg er fra... I'm from... Jeg bor i... I live in... Jeg er ____ r (gammel). I am ____ years (old). Jeg snakker engelsk. I speak English. God kveld Good Evening Hei / Ha det Hi / Bye Ingen rsak / Vr s god Don't mention it / You're welcome Velkommen! Welcome! Bra / Drlig Good / Bad Hyggelig treffe deg! Pleased to meet you! Unnskyld Excuse me / Sorry Jeg vil gjerne ha... / Jeg skulle gjerne hatt... I would like... Jeg vet [ikke.] I [don't] know. Snakk langsomt Speak slowly

svensk, dansk, fransk, italiensk, spansk, tysk, hollndsk, rysk, japansk Swedish, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, Japanese

Hva heter ... p norsk? How do you say ... in Norwegian?

Forstr du? Do you understand? Hva er dette? What is this? Jeg er sulten I'm hungry Jeg er syk I'm sick Ta plass Have a seat. Jeg har gtt meg bort I'm lost Pass p! Watch out! Det var synd. That's too bad! Lykke til! Good luck!

Jeg forstr [ikke.] I [don't] understand. Hvor er ... ? Where is ... ? Jeg er trst I'm thirsty Jeg tror [ikke] det I [don't] think so Stans! / Stopp! Stop! Hjelp! Help! Vent litt! Wait a minute! Velbekomme! Have a good meal! Jeg elsker deg. I love you.

Vr s snill gjenta / Vennligst gjenta Please repeat Hvor mye koster dette? How much does this cost? Jeg er trett I'm tired Kom inn / hit Come in / here Straks! Immediately! / Soon! Fare! Danger! Hvor langt er det? How far is it? Skl! Cheers! (toast) Jeg savner deg. I miss you.

2. PRONUNCIATION
Norwegian letter(s) d ig eg h j, gj, hj kj, tj sj, skj sl English sound silent at end of word; and in -ld, -nd, -rd ee ay silent before consonants, such as in hvyuh, as in yes sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German) sh shl

ki, ky, kei, ky ski, sky, skei, sky gi, gy, gei, gy g + other vowels sk + other vowels -egn, -egl, -gn ng

sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German) sh yuh guh sk g is silent nasalized, as in singer and not finger ah as in cat ay, but with lips rounded aw as in saw

3. ALPHABET
a b c d e f g h i j ahh bay say day ay ef gay haw ee yod k l m n o p q r s t kaw el em en ooh pay koo air ess tay u v w x y z ooh vay dobbel-veh eks ew (lips rounded) set ah (as in cat) ay (lips rounded) aw

4. NOUNS & CASES Nouns in Norwegian (Bokml) have two genders, masculine and neuter, which adjectives must agree with when modifying nouns. Technically there is a third gender, feminine (which Nynorsk retains), but since feminine nouns can be written as masculine nouns, I'm including feminine nouns in the masculine category. There are two indefinite articles that correspond with these genders: en for masculine nouns and et for neuter nouns. In the vocabulary lists, a noun followed by (n) means that it is a neuter noun

and it takes the indefinite article et. The majority of nouns in Norwegian are masculine, so they take the indefinite article en. The only case of nouns that is used in Norwegian is the genitive (showing possession), and it is easily formed by addingan -s to the noun. This is comparable to adding -'s in English to show possession. However, if the noun already ends in -s, then you add nothing (unlike English where we add -' or -'s). Olavs hus = Olav's house 5. ARTICLES & DEMONSTRATIVES There are two indefinite articles (corresponding to a and an): en and et. En is used with most of the nouns (words denoting people almost always use en), but you will just have to learn which article goes with which noun. The definite article (the) is not a separate word like in most other languages. It is simply a form of the indefinite article attached to the end of the noun. Note that en words ending in a vowel retain that vowel and add an -n instead of adding -en. And et words ending in -e just add -t. Furthermore, the t of et as an indefinite article is pronounced; however, the t is silent in the definite article -et attached to the noun. (For feminine nouns, the indefinite article is ei and the definite article that is attached to the noun is -a. In theory, this gender does still exist in Bokml, but in practice, it is rarely used and the feminine nouns are inflected like masculine nouns, i.e. add -en instead of -a for the definite form.) Articles En words (masculine) Indefinite Definite en fisk a fish en baker en hage fisken the fish Et words (neuter) Indefinite Definite et a vinduet the window vindu window

a baker bakeren the baker et barn a child barnet the child a hagen garden the garden et hus a huset house the house

Demonstrative Adjectives masculine neuter plural denne dressen dette skjerfet disse this suit this scarf these den that suit dressen det that scarf skjerfet de skoene those

skoene

shoes

shoes

Notice that the noun that follows a demonstrative adjective must have the definite article attached to it. (The feminine form of demonstratives is identical to the masculine; denne and den.) 6. SUBJECT & OBJECT PRONOUNS
Subject & Object Pronouns jeg du han hun den det man vi dere de I you (singular) he she it (masc.) it (neut.) one we you (plural) they meg deg ham henne den det man oss dere dem me you him her it it one us you them

7. TO BE & TO HAVE The present and past tenses of verbs in Norwegian are very simple to conjugate. All the forms are the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to be in Norwegian is vre, and the conjugated present tense form is er and the past tense is var. The infinitive of the verb to have is ha, and the conjugated present tense form is har and the past tense is hadde.
I am you are he is she is it is it is vre - to be I was jeg er you were du er han er he was hun er she was it was den er it was det er jeg var du var han var hun var den var det var I have you have he has she has it has it has ha - to have I had jeg har you had du har han har he had hun har she had den har it had it had det har jeg hadde du hadde han hadde hun hadde den hadde det hadde

one is we are you are they are

man er vi er dere er de er

one was we were you were they were

man var vi var dere var de var

one has we have you have they have

man har vi har dere har de har

one had we had you had they had

man hadde vi hadde dere hadde de hadde

To form the future tense of verbs, just add skal before the infinitive. Jeg skal vre = I will be; hun skal ha = she will have; etc.

8. USEFUL WORDS sometimes always never often usually now and but or very here there with noen ganger / av og til alltid aldri ofte vanligvis n og men eller veldig / svrt her der med already perhaps both some again between a lot, many of course a little allerede kanskje begge noe(n) igjen mellom mye / mange

each other hverandre 9. QUESTION WORDS

Who What Why When Where Which hvem hva hvorfor nr hvor

selvflgelig / sklart litt ikke i det hele tatt / slettes ikke / not at all overhodet ikke almost nesten really? virkelig? it is det er there det finnes is/are

How How much How many How long Where from What kind of

hvordan hvor mye hvor mange hvor lenge hvorfra hva slags

hvilken, hvilket, hvilke

Hvilken is used with masculine nouns, hvilket is used with neuter nouns, and hvilke is used with plural nouns.

10. CARDINAL & ORDINAL NUMBERS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 null en, ett to tre fire fem seks sju tte ni ti elleve tolv tretten fjorten femten seksten sytten atten nitten tjue tjueen, tjueett tjueto tretti frti femti seksti sytti tti nitti hundre 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th frste annen, andre tredje fjerde femte sjette sjuende ttende niende tiende ellevte tolvte trettende fjortende femtende sekstende syttende attende nittende tjuende tjuefrste tjueandre trettiende frtiende femtiende sekstiende syttiende ttiende nittiende hundrede

1,000 million billion trillion

tusen million milliard billion

1,000th

tusende

"Sju" can also be written "syv" (slightly more formal), and "sjuende" as "syvende" Similarly "tjue" can be "tyve", but this does seem less common and more formal. 11. DAYS OF THE WEEK
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday day morning afternoon evening night today tomorrow mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lrdag sndag dag morgen ettermiddag kveld natt i dag i morgen this morning tomorrow morning tomorrow afternoon tomorrow night day after tomorrow tonight last night yesterday day before yesterday week next week weekend daily weekly i dag morges i morgen tidlig i morgen formiddag i morgen kveld i overmorgen i kveld i gr kveld i gr i forgrs uke nest uke helg daglig ukentlig

12. MONTHS OF THE YEAR

January February March April May June januar februar mars april mai juni

July August September October November December month last month monthly year this year last year yearly

juli august september oktober november desember mned forrige mned mnedlig r (n) i r i fjor rlig

13. SEASONS
Winter Spring Summer Fall vinter vr sommer hst in (the) winter in (the) spring in (the) summer in (the) fall om vinteren om vren om sommeren om hsten

14. DIRECTIONS
North South East West nord syd st vest Northeast Northwest Southeast Southwest nordst nordvest sydst sydvest

to the right to the left straight ahead

til hyre til venstre rett fram / frem

Frem is slightly more formal than fram. 15. COLORS

orange pink purple blue yellow red black brown gray white green

oransje rosa lilla bl, bltt, bl gul, gult, gule rd, rdt, rde svart, svart, svarte brun, brunt, brune gr, grtt, gr hvit, hvitt, hvite grnn, grnt, grnne

The first three colors do not change according to gender or number to agree with the noun they modify. The rest of the colors must agree, however, and they are listed in masculine, neuter and plural forms: en grnn kjole - a green dress; et bltt hus - a blue house; svarte sokker - black socks

16. TIME
What time is it? It is 2. 6:20 half past 3 quarter past 4 quarter to 5 10 past 11 20 to 7 noon midnight in the morning in the evening It's exactly... About/around 8. Hva er klokken? Klokken er to. tjue over seks halv fire kvart over fire kvart p fem ti over elleve tjue p sju middag midnatt om morgenen om kvelden Den er nyaktig... omtrent tte now early earlier soon late later in 10 minutes in 15 minutes in a half hour in an hour right now at once immediately At 8. n tidlig tidligere snart sent senere om ti minutter om et kvarter om en halvtime om en time akkurat n med en gang straks klokken tte

17. WEATHER
How's the weather? It's cold Hvordan er vret? Det er kaldt What temperature is it? It's foggy Hvor mange grader er det? Det er tke

It's warm It's beautiful It's bad It's clearing It's icy It's windy It's cloudy It's humid/muggy

Det er varmt Det er pent Det er drlig Det lysner Det er isete Det blser Det er overskyet Det er fuktig

The fog is lifting It's snowing It's raining It's going to storm There's thunder There's lightning It's freezing (cold as ice) It's hailing

Tken letner Det snr Det regner Det bli storm Det tordner Det lyner Det er iskaldt Det hagler

18. FAMILY
Parents Mother Father Son Daughter Brother Sister Grandfather Grandmother Grandson Granddaughter Cousin (male) Cousin (female) foreldre mor far snn datter bror sster bestefar bestemor barnebarn barnebarn fetter kusine Niece Nephew Uncle Aunt Boy Girl Child / Baby Adult Man Woman Friend (male) Friend female) niese nev onkel tante gutt jente, pike barn voksen mann kvinne venn venninne

Some family words have irregular indefinite plurals: mdre (mothers), fedre (fathers), snner (sons), dtre (daughters),brdre (b rothers), and sstre (sisters)

19. TO KNOW PEOPLE & FACTS kjenne - to know people present kjenner past kjente future skal kjenne vite - to know facts vet visste skal vite

20. FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS Masculine nouns generally add -er or -r to the indefinite singular noun to form the indefinite plural, and -ene or -ne to form the definite plural. The names of jobs ending in -er only add -e and -ne in these cases. Neuter nouns that are more than one syllable form plural nouns the same way as masculine nouns. Neuter nouns that are only one syllable, however, add nothing to form the indefinite plural and either -ene or -a to form the definite plural.
Singular Indefinite Plural en fisk fisker some fish some en hage hager gardens en bakere some bakers baker some et vindu vinduer windows some houses et hus hus some et barn barn children Definite Plural fiskene the fishes hagene the gardens

bakerne the bakers vinduene husene barna the windows the houses the children

Irregular plural nouns in Norwegian: Singular and bok bonde fot hnd Irregular Indefinite Plural ender duck(s) bker book(s) bnder ftter hender Singular = Indefinite Plural attack(s) visit(s) tale(s), story(ies) error(s), mistake(s) circumstance(s) opportunity(ies) crawfish(es) mouse(s) mosquito(es) herring(s) shoe(s)

angrep (n) besok (n) eventyr peasant(s) (n) foot(feet) feil forhold hve (n) kreps mus mygg sild sko

hand(s) hand hndkle hndklr towel(s) kne (n) knr knee(s) kraft krefter strength ku kyr cow(s) natt netter night(s) mann menn man(men)

rand rot sted (n) stang strand tang tann tre t ye

render rtter steder stenger strender tenger tenner trr tr yne

edge(s) spiker root(s) ting place(s) vpen bar(s) beach(es) pincher(s) tooth(teeth) tree(s) toe(s) eye(s)

nail(s) thing(s) weapon(s)