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    Benzene To Cyclohexane

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    kalwani20
    The document discusses cost effective solutions for high-grade cyclohexane production using Axens' cyclohexane process. The key points are: 1. Axens' cyclohexane process uses homogeneous catalysis in a liquid phase bubble point reactor to achieve very high cyclohexane purity at over 99.99% with complete benzene conversion and minimal side reactions. 2. The process has many advantages including high product quality and safety due to constant temperature control and use of reaction heat, as well as low investment costs due to standard equipment. 3. The process is versatile and flexible as shown through capacity increases for multiple plants of over 10% of design capacity through adjusted operating conditions and increased catalyst addition rates.

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    Benzene To Cyclohexane

    Uploaded by

    kalwani20
    1K views16 pages
    The document discusses cost effective solutions for high-grade cyclohexane production using Axens' cyclohexane process. The key points are: 1. Axens' cyclohexane process uses homogeneous catalysis in a liquid phase bubble point reactor to achieve very high cyclohexane purity at over 99.99% with complete benzene conversion and minimal side reactions. 2. The process has many advantages including high product quality and safety due to constant temperature control and use of reaction heat, as well as low investment costs due to standard equipment. 3. The process is versatile and flexible as shown through capacity increases for multiple plants of over 10% of design capacity through adjusted operating conditions and increased catalyst addition rates.

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    Benzene to Cyclohexane

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    The document discusses cost effective solutions for high-grade cyclohexane production using Axens' cyclohexane process. The key points are: 1. Axens' cyclohexane process uses homogeneous catalysis in a liquid phase bubble point reactor to achieve very high cyclohexane purity at over 99.99% with complete benzene conversion and minimal side reactions. 2. The process has many advantages including high product quality and safety due to constant temperature control and use of reaction heat, as well as low investment costs due to standard equipment. 3. The process is versatile and flexible as shown through capacity increases for multiple plants of over 10% of design capacity through adjusted operating conditions and increased catalyst addition rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views16 pages

    Benzene To Cyclohexane

    Uploaded by

    kalwani20
    The document discusses cost effective solutions for high-grade cyclohexane production using Axens' cyclohexane process. The key points are: 1. Axens' cyclohexane process uses homogeneous catalysis in a liquid phase bubble point reactor to achieve very high cyclohexane purity at over 99.99% with complete benzene conversion and minimal side reactions. 2. The process has many advantages including high product quality and safety due to constant temperature control and use of reaction heat, as well as low investment costs due to standard equipment. 3. The process is versatile and flexible as shown through capacity increases for multiple plants of over 10% of design capacity through adjusted operating conditions and increased catalyst addition rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses the Axens cyclohexane process for producing cyclohexane from benzene hydrogenation. It provides details on the cyclohexane market, production routes, Axens process design and operation, performance results, and advantages.

    The main routes for cyclohexane production are separation, benzene hydrogenation via heterogeneous vapor phase catalysis or homogeneous liquid phase catalysis.

    The main features of the Axens cyclohexane process are homogeneous catalysis using a limited initial catalyst inventory with continuous traces of catalyst injection, and a bubble point reactor design that maintains a constant reactor temperature for safety.

    Cost Effective Solutions for High-Grade Cyclohexane Production

    Jean-Luc Nocca Axens, IFP Group Technologies


    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Axens Fully Integrated Services


    RSI

    July 1, 2001

    Eurecat

    Procatalyse

    IFP
    Licensing

    IFP School

    Prosernat

    Axens Core Business: Licensing, Catalysts, Services


    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Cyclohexane (CyHex) Market

    Others

    Adipic Acid

    CyHex Capacity: 4.5 MMTA 90% driven by Nylon 6 or Nylon 66 applications 2-3% growth per year

    Caprolactam

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Cyclohexane Production Routes

    Separation Benzene Hydrogenation

    Heterogeneous Vapor Phase Catalysis Homogeneous Liquid Phase Catalysis

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Chemical Reactions

    Main reaction
    + 3 H2

    Highly exothermic Favored by low T & high ppH2 Impacts final product quality Favored by high T
    5

    Side reactions
    Isomerization

    Ring opening

    H2

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Axens Cyclohexane Process

    Benzene Main Reactor Main Reactor

    Fixed Bed Fixed Bed Reactor Reactor

    Stabilization CyHex Stabilization

    99% Bz conversion Polishing reactor Homogeneous catalysis Guard bed Bubble point Low T Reaction heat produces vapor CyHex and steam

    Function of H2 make-up quality

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Main Reactor Features

    Homogeneous catalysis

    Limited initial catalyst inventory Continuous traces (ppm) of catalyst injection


    Constant activity

    Tolerant to feed impurities Simple reactor internals Constant reactor temperature Safety (liquid inventory)
    7

    Bubble point reactor

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    Finishing Reactor

    Polishing reactor

    Fixed bed heterogeneous catalysis Vapor phase, low temperature Completes benzene conversion Probe for main reactor operation > 10 years

    Extremely long catalyst life

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    CyHex - PSA Hydrogen


    Main Reactor Catalyst Benzene Finishing reactor HP Sep.

    Off Gas

    LP Sep. Cyclohexane

    H2 BFW

    CW Steam

    Optional
    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    CyHex - Reformer Hydrogen


    Main Reactor

    Finishing reactor

    Off Gas

    Catalyst Benzene Hydrogen Steam


    BFW HP Sep.

    Stabilizer
    CW

    Cyclohexane
    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    10

    CyHex Characteristics Industrial Results

    Cyclohexane product purity, wt % 99.97 - 99.994 Total impurities, ppm Methylcyclopentane, ppm Benzene, ppm 60-300 20-100 5

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    11

    Axens CyHex Advantages

    Very high CyHex product quality

    Perfect reactor(s) temperature control Complete benzene conversion (< 5 ppm) Minimum (no) side reactions Use of reaction heat to produce steam No distillation requirement (if PSA H2)

    Low utility consumption

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    12

    Axens CyHex Advantages (Contd)

    Safety

    Reaction heat removed at constant temperature 2nd generation catalyst for main reactor
    easy to handle, non-pyrophoric liquid catalyst

    Low investment
    No proprietary equipment No fired heater or HP steam heater Carbon steel equipment

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    13

    CyHex Capacity Increase

    Reactor residence time is not limiting! Simple increase in homogeneous catalyst addition rate Increased heat removal by operating conditions adjustment Over 10 units operating at 110-150% design capacity

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    14

    Axens CyHex - Recent Achievements

    Europe

    MoGas Benzene reduction project Morphylane Extractive Distillation + CyHex combination Existing unit upgrading: >50% capacity increase

    Middle East

    Undisclosed: new unit 400+ kTA

    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    15

    Axens CyHex Process - Conclusions

    Original & performing Low cost Versatile and flexible Industry benchmark for over 40 years (> 50% of worldwide capacity)

    Thank You For Your Attention


    CyHex, Aiche Spring Meeting April 2003

    16

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